大型汽轮机转子热应力在线监测的研究
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摘要
随着大容量火电机组逐步参与调峰运行,提高机组运行的安全性是电力系统关注的焦点。机组在启停或变负荷时,转子的工作环境最为恶劣,承受的热应力最大,成为机组寿命最薄弱的环节,因此加强汽轮机转子热应力的在线监测尤为重要。本文建立了大型汽轮机转子温度场的一维、二维有限差分模型和热应力模型。
对影响热应力计算精度的一些重要因素:换热系数、材料物性参数、热应力集中系数、蒸汽测点等作了详细研究。基于一体化模型开发平台IMMS进行了模型的开发。并采用已开发的二维有限差分模型,以东方汽轮机厂生产的汽轮机转子为计算对象,其型号为:C300/273-16.7/0.4/537/537,进行了额定负荷工况、变负荷工况、停机工况、启动工况下的热应力在线计算。计算结果合理,且能满足工程在线监测要求,具有一定的实用价值。
Improving the unit’s safety is becoming the hot issue with the large capacity steam turbine taking part in load peak operation. The turbine rotor bears the highest thermal stress because of its mal-condition during the steam turbine’s start-up and shutdown or load changing, and it has become the weakest spot. So enhancing the on-line monitoring of the thermal stress is fairly important.
The one-dimensional and two-dimensional finite difference model of temperature field is built, and the thermal stress model is also built in this paper. The important factors of influencing the accuracy of the thermal stress are studied in detail. Such as heat transfer coefficient, material physical properties, stress concentration factor and steam measuring point. The thermal stress model is developed based on the integrated modular modeling software. Using the two-dimensional finite difference thermal stress model and the object C300/273-16.7/0.4/537/537 type made from the east stream turbine factory, the thermal stress of the situation of the rated load, changing load, shutdown, start-up are calculated on-line. The results are proper, which can meet the engineering requirement, and it has gained some practical value for large capacity steam turbine rotor on-line monitoring.
对影响热应力计算精度的一些重要因素:换热系数、材料物性参数、热应力集中系数、蒸汽测点等作了详细研究。基于一体化模型开发平台IMMS进行了模型的开发。并采用已开发的二维有限差分模型,以东方汽轮机厂生产的汽轮机转子为计算对象,其型号为:C300/273-16.7/0.4/537/537,进行了额定负荷工况、变负荷工况、停机工况、启动工况下的热应力在线计算。计算结果合理,且能满足工程在线监测要求,具有一定的实用价值。
Improving the unit’s safety is becoming the hot issue with the large capacity steam turbine taking part in load peak operation. The turbine rotor bears the highest thermal stress because of its mal-condition during the steam turbine’s start-up and shutdown or load changing, and it has become the weakest spot. So enhancing the on-line monitoring of the thermal stress is fairly important.
The one-dimensional and two-dimensional finite difference model of temperature field is built, and the thermal stress model is also built in this paper. The important factors of influencing the accuracy of the thermal stress are studied in detail. Such as heat transfer coefficient, material physical properties, stress concentration factor and steam measuring point. The thermal stress model is developed based on the integrated modular modeling software. Using the two-dimensional finite difference thermal stress model and the object C300/273-16.7/0.4/537/537 type made from the east stream turbine factory, the thermal stress of the situation of the rated load, changing load, shutdown, start-up are calculated on-line. The results are proper, which can meet the engineering requirement, and it has gained some practical value for large capacity steam turbine rotor on-line monitoring.
引文
[1] 张保衡.大容量火电机组寿命管理与调峰运行.北京:水利水电出版社.1988
[2] 杨巨生,常鑫,夏同棠. 汽轮机转子寿命的研究.太原理工大学学报,2001,32(1):124～127
[3] 支小牧,寇可新,曹向秋.汽轮机转子热应力在线监测、寿命管理及优化启停的研究.动力工程,2001,20(1):543～547
[4] 刘静静,杨昆.汽轮机转子热应力在线监测的递推算法.现代电力,2000,17(1):1～5
[5] 张恒良,谢诞梅,熊杨恒,等.600MW汽轮机转子高精度热应力在线监测模型研制.中国电机工程学报,2006,26(1):21～25
[6] Kazeminejad H.Analysis of one-dimensional fin assembly heat transfer with de –humidification.Int.J.Heat and Mass Transfer,1995,38:455～462
[7] 沈杏登.一种离散化易于编程实现的转子温度场数学模型.汽轮机技术,2006,48(5):330～331
[8] 张光,张保衡.监测汽轮机转子热应力的二维离散模型.中国电机工程学报,1996,16(1):38～40
[9] 高晶波,张嘉仲,夏松波,等.基于SCNN的转子热应力场的实现研究.热能动力工程,2002,17(97):55～57
[10] 江宁,曹祖庆.用权函数法计算转子热应力.汽轮机技术,2002,44(4):202～204
[11] 何娜那,胡念苏,王建梅,等.国产300MW汽轮机组的转子瞬态温度场分析.汽轮机技术,2003,45(5):276～278
[12] 吕智强,韩万金.采用热流法计算汽轮机转子表面热应力.动力工程,2005,25(6):765～769
[13] Mukhopadhyay N K,Dutta B K,Kushwaha H S.On-line fatigue-creep monitoring system for high-temperature components of powerplants.International Journal of Fatigue,2001,23:549～560
[14] Mukhopadhyay NK,Dutta BK,Kushwaha HS et al.Online fatigue life monitoring methodology for power plant components.Int J Press Ves Piping 1994,60:297～306
[15] Zucca S,Botto D,Gola M M.Faster on-line calculation of thermal stresses by time integration.International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping,2004,81:393～399
[16] 周宇阳,廉宏伟,陈汉平,等. 汽轮机转子热应力在线计算灰色数学模型.中国电机工程学报,2002,22(4):131～137
[17] SCHEMERLING J.M. and Hammon J.C. Investigation of the Tennessee Valley Autherity Gallutin Unit No.2 Turbine Rotor Burst, Proceedings of the American Power Conference, 1976(3):545～554
[18] Kimura K, et al. Life Assessment and Diagnosis System Turbine Components. Conference on Life Extension and Assessment of fossil plants EPRI,Washington, D.C 1986(1):2～4
[19] 粱天杰.大型汽轮机转子热状态在线监测系统:[工程硕士学位论文].北京:华北电力大学,2001
[20] 宋明谦.100MW汽轮机转子热应力在线监测系统开发:[硕士学位论文].北京:华北电力大学,2006
[21] 刘彦丰,郝润田,高建强.汽轮机转子温度场在线计算模型研究.华北电力大学学报,2007,34(4):69～72
[22] 俞昌铭.热传导及其数值分析.北京:清华大学出版社,1981.
[23] 贾力,方肇洪,钱兴华. 高等传热学. 北京:高等教育出版社,2003.
[24] 唐红芳.汽轮机寿命在线监测与管理技术研究:[硕士学位论文]. 北京:华北电力大学,2004.
[25] 祁海涛,胡念苏,周宇阳.阿尔思通换热系数计算公式的应用.汽轮机技术,2004,46(1):21～22.
[26] 史进渊,杨宇,邓志成,等. 超临界和超超临界汽轮机汽缸传热系数的研究 动力工程,2006,26(1):1～5
[27] Adinarayana N,SastriV.M.K Estimation of Convective Heat Transfer Coefficient in Industrial Steam Turbine. Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology Transactions of the ASNE,1996,118(2):247～250
[28] 刘彦丰,郝润田,高建强. 两种常用换热系数计算公式的比较和应用.汽轮机技术,2007,49(2):97～102
[29] 毛雪平,刘宗德,杨昆,等. 30CrMoV转子钢高温下的低周疲劳特性试验研究.中国电机工程学报,2002,22(6):119～122
[30] 王从曾.材料性能学。北京:北京工业大学出版社,2001
[31] 支小牧,寇可新,曹向秋.汽轮机转子热应力在线监测、寿命管理及优化启停的研究.动力工程,2001,20(1):543～547
[32] Zucca S,Botto D,Gola M M.Faster on-line calculation of thermal stresses by time integration.International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping,2004,81:393～399
[33] 李娜.转子轴封弹性槽形状及尺寸对应力集中的影响.华北电力大学学报,2002,29(3):79～81
[34] 叶春,忻建华,钟芳源.汽轮机寿命管理特征温度测点的选择.汽轮机技术,1994,36(2):69～77
[35] 郝润田,高建强,刘彦丰,等.基于B/S模式的汽轮机转子在线监测系统.电力科学与工程,2007,23(4):19～22
[36] 高建强,陈聪,李永华,等. 基于B/S模式的锅炉金属壁温在线监测系统.中国电力,2005,38(12):68～71
[37] 赵海波,陈胜,郑楚光,等. 电厂远程专家分析平台的建立.华中科技大学学报,2003,31(11):76～78
[38] 陈鸿伟,陈聪,高建强,等. 锅炉高温受热面金属壁温在线监测系统.动力工程,2006,26(1):97～100
[39] 许振宇.电站热力系统模块化在线性能分析模型研究[硕士学位论文]:保定:华北电力大学,2006
[40] 高建强,马良玉,王并树,等.450t/h循环流化床锅炉机组动态仿真模型研究.中国电机工程学报,2004,24(11):241～245
[41] 裴闪. 重型燃气轮机发电机组实时仿真模型研究:[硕士学位论文].保定:华北电力大学,2006
[42] 沈士一,庄贺庆,康松,等.汽轮机原理.北京:中国电力出版社,2007
[43] 机械工业手册(第二版第三卷),机械工业出版社,1996
[44] 孟繁逵.300MW汽轮机变工况运行及安全性能的研究:[硕士学位论文].北京:华北电力大学,2006
[2] 杨巨生,常鑫,夏同棠. 汽轮机转子寿命的研究.太原理工大学学报,2001,32(1):124～127
[3] 支小牧,寇可新,曹向秋.汽轮机转子热应力在线监测、寿命管理及优化启停的研究.动力工程,2001,20(1):543～547
[4] 刘静静,杨昆.汽轮机转子热应力在线监测的递推算法.现代电力,2000,17(1):1～5
[5] 张恒良,谢诞梅,熊杨恒,等.600MW汽轮机转子高精度热应力在线监测模型研制.中国电机工程学报,2006,26(1):21～25
[6] Kazeminejad H.Analysis of one-dimensional fin assembly heat transfer with de –humidification.Int.J.Heat and Mass Transfer,1995,38:455～462
[7] 沈杏登.一种离散化易于编程实现的转子温度场数学模型.汽轮机技术,2006,48(5):330～331
[8] 张光,张保衡.监测汽轮机转子热应力的二维离散模型.中国电机工程学报,1996,16(1):38～40
[9] 高晶波,张嘉仲,夏松波,等.基于SCNN的转子热应力场的实现研究.热能动力工程,2002,17(97):55～57
[10] 江宁,曹祖庆.用权函数法计算转子热应力.汽轮机技术,2002,44(4):202～204
[11] 何娜那,胡念苏,王建梅,等.国产300MW汽轮机组的转子瞬态温度场分析.汽轮机技术,2003,45(5):276～278
[12] 吕智强,韩万金.采用热流法计算汽轮机转子表面热应力.动力工程,2005,25(6):765～769
[13] Mukhopadhyay N K,Dutta B K,Kushwaha H S.On-line fatigue-creep monitoring system for high-temperature components of powerplants.International Journal of Fatigue,2001,23:549～560
[14] Mukhopadhyay NK,Dutta BK,Kushwaha HS et al.Online fatigue life monitoring methodology for power plant components.Int J Press Ves Piping 1994,60:297～306
[15] Zucca S,Botto D,Gola M M.Faster on-line calculation of thermal stresses by time integration.International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping,2004,81:393～399
[16] 周宇阳,廉宏伟,陈汉平,等. 汽轮机转子热应力在线计算灰色数学模型.中国电机工程学报,2002,22(4):131～137
[17] SCHEMERLING J.M. and Hammon J.C. Investigation of the Tennessee Valley Autherity Gallutin Unit No.2 Turbine Rotor Burst, Proceedings of the American Power Conference, 1976(3):545～554
[18] Kimura K, et al. Life Assessment and Diagnosis System Turbine Components. Conference on Life Extension and Assessment of fossil plants EPRI,Washington, D.C 1986(1):2～4
[19] 粱天杰.大型汽轮机转子热状态在线监测系统:[工程硕士学位论文].北京:华北电力大学,2001
[20] 宋明谦.100MW汽轮机转子热应力在线监测系统开发:[硕士学位论文].北京:华北电力大学,2006
[21] 刘彦丰,郝润田,高建强.汽轮机转子温度场在线计算模型研究.华北电力大学学报,2007,34(4):69～72
[22] 俞昌铭.热传导及其数值分析.北京:清华大学出版社,1981.
[23] 贾力,方肇洪,钱兴华. 高等传热学. 北京:高等教育出版社,2003.
[24] 唐红芳.汽轮机寿命在线监测与管理技术研究:[硕士学位论文]. 北京:华北电力大学,2004.
[25] 祁海涛,胡念苏,周宇阳.阿尔思通换热系数计算公式的应用.汽轮机技术,2004,46(1):21～22.
[26] 史进渊,杨宇,邓志成,等. 超临界和超超临界汽轮机汽缸传热系数的研究 动力工程,2006,26(1):1～5
[27] Adinarayana N,SastriV.M.K Estimation of Convective Heat Transfer Coefficient in Industrial Steam Turbine. Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology Transactions of the ASNE,1996,118(2):247～250
[28] 刘彦丰,郝润田,高建强. 两种常用换热系数计算公式的比较和应用.汽轮机技术,2007,49(2):97～102
[29] 毛雪平,刘宗德,杨昆,等. 30CrMoV转子钢高温下的低周疲劳特性试验研究.中国电机工程学报,2002,22(6):119～122
[30] 王从曾.材料性能学。北京:北京工业大学出版社,2001
[31] 支小牧,寇可新,曹向秋.汽轮机转子热应力在线监测、寿命管理及优化启停的研究.动力工程,2001,20(1):543～547
[32] Zucca S,Botto D,Gola M M.Faster on-line calculation of thermal stresses by time integration.International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping,2004,81:393～399
[33] 李娜.转子轴封弹性槽形状及尺寸对应力集中的影响.华北电力大学学报,2002,29(3):79～81
[34] 叶春,忻建华,钟芳源.汽轮机寿命管理特征温度测点的选择.汽轮机技术,1994,36(2):69～77
[35] 郝润田,高建强,刘彦丰,等.基于B/S模式的汽轮机转子在线监测系统.电力科学与工程,2007,23(4):19～22
[36] 高建强,陈聪,李永华,等. 基于B/S模式的锅炉金属壁温在线监测系统.中国电力,2005,38(12):68～71
[37] 赵海波,陈胜,郑楚光,等. 电厂远程专家分析平台的建立.华中科技大学学报,2003,31(11):76～78
[38] 陈鸿伟,陈聪,高建强,等. 锅炉高温受热面金属壁温在线监测系统.动力工程,2006,26(1):97～100
[39] 许振宇.电站热力系统模块化在线性能分析模型研究[硕士学位论文]:保定:华北电力大学,2006
[40] 高建强,马良玉,王并树,等.450t/h循环流化床锅炉机组动态仿真模型研究.中国电机工程学报,2004,24(11):241～245
[41] 裴闪. 重型燃气轮机发电机组实时仿真模型研究:[硕士学位论文].保定:华北电力大学,2006
[42] 沈士一,庄贺庆,康松,等.汽轮机原理.北京:中国电力出版社,2007
[43] 机械工业手册(第二版第三卷),机械工业出版社,1996
[44] 孟繁逵.300MW汽轮机变工况运行及安全性能的研究:[硕士学位论文].北京:华北电力大学,2006