基于社会力的城市道路混合交通流建模与分析
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摘要
混合交通流是我国城市道路交通的一个主要特征,其独特的构成结构是城市道路交通中交通拥堵和交通事故的重要诱因。本文以社会力模型为基础构建了城市道路路段机非混合交通流的动力学分析模型,该方法考虑了车辆在行驶过程中同时受到内在和外在两种力的作用,内在作用力是车辆为达到最佳行驶速度而产生的内在驱动力,外在作用力则包括了其它机动车辆和非机动车辆对该车辆的干扰作用力和道路边界对该车辆的限制作用力,车辆行驶过程中的各种交通行为均是在内外作用力的共同作用下发生的。论文分别对车辆行驶过程中所受到的内在和外在作用力进行了定量分析,在此基础之上分别建立了机动车流、自行车流以及机非混合交通流的社会力模型,并进行了模拟分析,主要得出了如下结论：
1.通过对机动车的换道超车行为的建模分析,发现在车流密度较小时,机动车的换道超车行为可提高道路的通行能力,提高道路的使用效率；而在车流密度较大时,换道超车行为对其他机动车辆产生较大影响,导致道路通行能力下降。
2.通过对存在机、非分隔带时的自行车流的模拟分析,发现所建立模型可较好的呈现道路通行能力、车辆平均速度及车流密度三者间的相互关系,模拟结果表明自行车流处于非拥挤状态时,车辆的平均速度分布在一个较小的区间内,这一规律与相关的自行车流实际调查数据相符。
3.通过对不存在机非分隔带时自行车-机动车混合交通流的模拟分析,重点对机非混合交通流中的交通事故安全风险进行了研究。论文采用机动车的“紧急刹车概率”作为机动车交通流交通安全风险评价的指标,研究发现混合交通流的交通事故安全风险与车流密度呈正比关系,相对于高密度的机动车流,混合交通流中机动车车流密度较低时的安全风险相对较大。
Mixed traffic is a typical feature of the urban road traffic in China, and its unique character has become an important factor to the traffic congestion and traffic accident. Base on the interaction mechanization of vehicles and the basic hypothesis of social force model, a dynamics model of mixed traffic flow has been established in this paper. The vehicles are affected by the inner and outer forces, by which almost all of the traffic actions of the vehicles have been affected, synchronously, and the inner forces derive from the drivers'appetency of driving with the best velocity while the outer forces derive from the affection of the other vehicles and the borders of the road. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the inner and outer forces have been implemented in this paper, based on which a social force model for the motor vehicle traffic, the bicycle traffic and mixed traffic has been established respectively. By simulation, we come to the conclusions as follows:
1. By the simulation of the lane-changing and overtaking behavior of the motor vehicle, we found that the traffic capacity can be promoted due to the lane-changing and overtaking behavior of the vehicle when the traffic density is lower, while it is not suitable for the situation when the traffic density is higher.
2. By the simulation of the bicycle traffic when there is no segregation facilities existing between the bicycle and motor vehicle traffic, we found that the social force model of bicycle traffic can reflect the relationship among the traffic capacity, the average speed and the traffic density. The result of the simulation shows that the average speed of the vehicle fluctuates weakly with the traffic density increase when the traffic is not congested.
3. By the probability of the sudden braking, while the mixed traffic flow in a urban road section has been simulated, the traffic safety risk of the mixed traffic flow has been analyzed, from which we come to the conclusion that the risk of the mixed traffic potential danger is proportional to the traffic density. For the mixed traffic flow, with the motor vehicle traffic density decreasing, the velocity and the probability of the non-motorized vehicle driving into the motor vehicle lane will increase, and the probability of the traffic accident between the bicycle, which drives into the motor vehicle lane, and the motor vehicle with a high speed will sharply increase, and the risk of the traffic potential danger of the mixed traffic flow when the motor vehicle density is low, is higher than the case when the motor vehicle density is high.
1.通过对机动车的换道超车行为的建模分析,发现在车流密度较小时,机动车的换道超车行为可提高道路的通行能力,提高道路的使用效率；而在车流密度较大时,换道超车行为对其他机动车辆产生较大影响,导致道路通行能力下降。
2.通过对存在机、非分隔带时的自行车流的模拟分析,发现所建立模型可较好的呈现道路通行能力、车辆平均速度及车流密度三者间的相互关系,模拟结果表明自行车流处于非拥挤状态时,车辆的平均速度分布在一个较小的区间内,这一规律与相关的自行车流实际调查数据相符。
3.通过对不存在机非分隔带时自行车-机动车混合交通流的模拟分析,重点对机非混合交通流中的交通事故安全风险进行了研究。论文采用机动车的“紧急刹车概率”作为机动车交通流交通安全风险评价的指标,研究发现混合交通流的交通事故安全风险与车流密度呈正比关系,相对于高密度的机动车流,混合交通流中机动车车流密度较低时的安全风险相对较大。
Mixed traffic is a typical feature of the urban road traffic in China, and its unique character has become an important factor to the traffic congestion and traffic accident. Base on the interaction mechanization of vehicles and the basic hypothesis of social force model, a dynamics model of mixed traffic flow has been established in this paper. The vehicles are affected by the inner and outer forces, by which almost all of the traffic actions of the vehicles have been affected, synchronously, and the inner forces derive from the drivers'appetency of driving with the best velocity while the outer forces derive from the affection of the other vehicles and the borders of the road. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the inner and outer forces have been implemented in this paper, based on which a social force model for the motor vehicle traffic, the bicycle traffic and mixed traffic has been established respectively. By simulation, we come to the conclusions as follows:
1. By the simulation of the lane-changing and overtaking behavior of the motor vehicle, we found that the traffic capacity can be promoted due to the lane-changing and overtaking behavior of the vehicle when the traffic density is lower, while it is not suitable for the situation when the traffic density is higher.
2. By the simulation of the bicycle traffic when there is no segregation facilities existing between the bicycle and motor vehicle traffic, we found that the social force model of bicycle traffic can reflect the relationship among the traffic capacity, the average speed and the traffic density. The result of the simulation shows that the average speed of the vehicle fluctuates weakly with the traffic density increase when the traffic is not congested.
3. By the probability of the sudden braking, while the mixed traffic flow in a urban road section has been simulated, the traffic safety risk of the mixed traffic flow has been analyzed, from which we come to the conclusion that the risk of the mixed traffic potential danger is proportional to the traffic density. For the mixed traffic flow, with the motor vehicle traffic density decreasing, the velocity and the probability of the non-motorized vehicle driving into the motor vehicle lane will increase, and the probability of the traffic accident between the bicycle, which drives into the motor vehicle lane, and the motor vehicle with a high speed will sharply increase, and the risk of the traffic potential danger of the mixed traffic flow when the motor vehicle density is low, is higher than the case when the motor vehicle density is high.
引文
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[6]吴清松,姜锐等.微观宏观方法相结合推进交通流理论新发展.交通运输系统工程与信息,2005,5(3)：108～115
[7]干宏程,孙立军等.城市快速度高阶流体模型市政研究.同济大学学报(自然科学版),2007,35(5)：602～606
[8]李志鹏.交通流建模及城市路网交通状态分析：[博士学位论文].上海：上海交通大学,2007
[9]Dirk Helbing, Rui Jiang, Martin Treiber. Analytical investigation of oscillations in intersecting flows of pedestrian and vehicle traffic. PHYSICAL REVIEW E 72, 2005,046130.239～248
[10]Rui Jiang, Qingsong Wu, Xiaobai Li. Capacity drop due to the traverse of pedestrians. PHSYCAL REVIEW E, EOLUME 65,036120.32～57
[11]刘海英,邝华等.元胞自动机交通流混合模型的研究.桂林工学院学报,2008,28(2)：260～264
[12]Dirk Helbing, Peter Molnar. Social Force Model for Pdestrian Dynamics. Physical Review E (S1539-3755),1995,51 (5).4282～4286
[13]罗霞,杜进有,陈应文.混合车流交通流特性分析.西南交通大学学报,2000,35(3)：297～300
[14]景春光,王殿海.典型交叉口混合交通冲突分析与处理方法.土木工程学报,2004,37(6)：96～100
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[16]贾顺平,彭宏勤,郭谨一,陈海波.城市混合交通中自行车队机动车行驶影响的定量分析.交通运输系统工程与信息,2008,8(2)：58～63
[17]朱从坤,池毓品.混合非机动车交通流速度与密度的关系研究.苏州科技学院学报(工程技术版),2009,22(3)：26-29
[18]熊烈强,刘海岷.混合交通流参数之间关系模型标定.武汉理工大学学报(交通科学与工程版),2008,32(3)：561～564
[19]吕剑,史其信,孙立光.混合交通中自行车密度-速度关系.清华大学学报(自然科学版),2007,47(6)：768～771
[20]吕剑,史其信,杨新苗.基于运动轨迹采集的混合交通特性研究.武汉理工大学学报(交通科学与工程版),2009,33(1)：1～4
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