社交焦虑自评量表的编制
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摘要
目的：编制一个社交焦虑自评量表，用于临床实践。
方法：依据CCMD-3中社交焦虑症的定义及目前的研究先设计一个项目双项表，然后根据量表的结构，分别设计相应的条目。通过预试来选择条目，最后通过正式施测来检验量表的信度、效度。
结果：1、信度：分半信度为0.921(校正后)，相隔两周的再测信度为0.86；内部相关系数总分的α为0.92，分量表一般交往的α为0.76，演讲焦虑的α为0.72，自我评价的α为0.66，害怕别人的负性评价的α为0.71。
2、效度：与交流恐惧自陈量表的相关为0.51；社交焦虑与正常人的判别分析总预测正确率为92.9％，与其它神经症的判别分析总预测正确率为84％。
3、全量表共28个条目，因子分析结果验证4个因子存在，分别为：一般交往、演讲焦虑、自我负性评价和害怕别人的负性评价。
结论：1、本量表的内容比较全面，即包括了社会情境的各个方面，又从不同角度如认知、主观体验、行为表现和生理反应对社交焦虑症做一个完整的评定。
2、本量表的信度、效度较好，能够有效的把社会交焦虑同正常人区分开，与其它神经症也有一定鉴别能力。
3、社会焦虑自评量表分四个分量表：一般交往、演讲焦虑、自我负性评价和害怕别人的负性评价。
Objective: To develop a self-rating social anxiety scale for clinic diagnosis.
Methods: Firstly setting up item category according to the define of social anxiety in CCMD-3 and current research results. Secondly, structurally designing each item of scale. Choosing the items basing on pre-test. Lastly, defining validity, reliability, and norm.
Results: 1. Totally 28 items in scale. The results of factor analysis are: interaction anxiety, speech anxiety, self negative appraisal and fear of others negative appraisal
2. Reliability: Spilt-half reliability is 0.85, the amended reliability with Spearman-Brown formula is 0.921. The re-test reliability after 2 weeks is 0.86. a of homogeneity reliability is 0.92, a of interaction sub-scale is 0.76, a of speech anxiety is 0.72, a of self negative appraisal is 0.66, whereas a of fear of others negative appraisal is 0.71.
3. Validity: The correlation coefficient between this scale and PRCA-24 is 0.51, the results of discriminant analysis are: the correct rate of diagnosing social anxiety from normal is 92.9%, while correct rate of distinguish social anxiety from other neurosis is 84%.
Conclusion: 1. This scale is comprehensive, rating social anxiety from most factor in social
interaction, such as cognitive, subjective emotion, behavior and physical reaction.
2. This scale , with relatively high reliability and validity, can distinguish individuals with social anxiety from normal, and other neurosis.
3. Self-rating social anxiety scale is composed of 4 sub-scale: interaction anxiety, speech anxiety, self negative appraisal and fear of others negative appraisal.
方法：依据CCMD-3中社交焦虑症的定义及目前的研究先设计一个项目双项表，然后根据量表的结构，分别设计相应的条目。通过预试来选择条目，最后通过正式施测来检验量表的信度、效度。
结果：1、信度：分半信度为0.921(校正后)，相隔两周的再测信度为0.86；内部相关系数总分的α为0.92，分量表一般交往的α为0.76，演讲焦虑的α为0.72，自我评价的α为0.66，害怕别人的负性评价的α为0.71。
2、效度：与交流恐惧自陈量表的相关为0.51；社交焦虑与正常人的判别分析总预测正确率为92.9％，与其它神经症的判别分析总预测正确率为84％。
3、全量表共28个条目，因子分析结果验证4个因子存在，分别为：一般交往、演讲焦虑、自我负性评价和害怕别人的负性评价。
结论：1、本量表的内容比较全面，即包括了社会情境的各个方面，又从不同角度如认知、主观体验、行为表现和生理反应对社交焦虑症做一个完整的评定。
2、本量表的信度、效度较好，能够有效的把社会交焦虑同正常人区分开，与其它神经症也有一定鉴别能力。
3、社会焦虑自评量表分四个分量表：一般交往、演讲焦虑、自我负性评价和害怕别人的负性评价。
Objective: To develop a self-rating social anxiety scale for clinic diagnosis.
Methods: Firstly setting up item category according to the define of social anxiety in CCMD-3 and current research results. Secondly, structurally designing each item of scale. Choosing the items basing on pre-test. Lastly, defining validity, reliability, and norm.
Results: 1. Totally 28 items in scale. The results of factor analysis are: interaction anxiety, speech anxiety, self negative appraisal and fear of others negative appraisal
2. Reliability: Spilt-half reliability is 0.85, the amended reliability with Spearman-Brown formula is 0.921. The re-test reliability after 2 weeks is 0.86. a of homogeneity reliability is 0.92, a of interaction sub-scale is 0.76, a of speech anxiety is 0.72, a of self negative appraisal is 0.66, whereas a of fear of others negative appraisal is 0.71.
3. Validity: The correlation coefficient between this scale and PRCA-24 is 0.51, the results of discriminant analysis are: the correct rate of diagnosing social anxiety from normal is 92.9%, while correct rate of distinguish social anxiety from other neurosis is 84%.
Conclusion: 1. This scale is comprehensive, rating social anxiety from most factor in social
interaction, such as cognitive, subjective emotion, behavior and physical reaction.
2. This scale , with relatively high reliability and validity, can distinguish individuals with social anxiety from normal, and other neurosis.
3. Self-rating social anxiety scale is composed of 4 sub-scale: interaction anxiety, speech anxiety, self negative appraisal and fear of others negative appraisal.
引文
[1]、蔡太生．龚耀先．中国幼儿智力量表的编制---Ⅲ因子结构的研究．中国临床心理学杂志，1998；6(4)：203-206
[2]、曹中昌．唐秋美．社交恐怖症的研究进展．国外医学精神病学分册，1995．22(3)：143-147
[3]、陈彦方．《CCMD-3》．山东科学技术出版社，2001．4．1
[4]、陈建国．鲁龙光．社交焦虑症226例临床观察．中国心理卫生杂志，1996；10(6)：270
[5]、戴海崎．张峰．《心理与教育测量》．暨南大学出版社，1999．2．1
[6]、高文凤．丛中．《社交焦虑与大学生自尊、自我接纳的关系》．健康心理学杂志，2000．05．15；8(3)：276-279
[7]、龚耀先．《韦氏成人智力量表手册》．湖南地图出版社，1992．11
[8]、郭祖超．《医学统计学》．人民军医出版社，1999．3
[9]、江向东．王希林，《心理卫生评定量表手册》．中国心理卫生杂志社，1999．12
[10]、金丕焕．《医用统计方法》．上海医科大学出版社，1992．4
[11]、林崇德．《发展心理学》．人民教育出版社．2000．12
[12]、林雄标．胡纪泽．社交恐怖症的临床症状特征．临床精神医学杂志，1998．04．20；86-88
[13]、林雄标．胡赤怡．社交恐怖症的临床与认知特征．上海精神医学，1997．06．30；87-90
[14]、刘翔平．刘雪梅．注意缺损多动障碍量表的编制．心理发展与教育，2000．1：55-59
[15]、刘润幸．邝建．《医学统计方法与应用》．广东人民出版社同，2001．4
[16]、路英智．张勤锋．田明萍．《森田疗法治疗社交恐怖症的对照研究》．中国行为医学科学，2000．04．20；9(2)；131-132
[17]、孟宪璋．龚耀先．聋人智力量表的编制．中国临床心理学杂志，1995．3．2：75-77
[18]、Murray B．氟伏草胺治疗社交恐怖症．国外医学精神病学分册，2000；27(1)：188
[19]、彭苒龄．杨晖等．《心理学学科综合水平考试大纲及指南》．高等教育出版社，1999
[20]、沈渔邨．《精神病学第三版》．人民卫生出版社，1996．9
[21]、沈渔邨．《精神病学第四版》．人民卫生出版社，2001．9
[22]、汪斌．《精神障碍的鉴别诊断》．天津科学技术出版社，2000．5
[23]、王希林译．《实用精神病学》．人民卫生出版社，1999
[24]、吴江霖．戴健林．《心理学概论》．广东高等教育出版社，2000．8
[25]、杨眉．大学生社交焦虑的集体心理治疗．中国心理卫生杂志，1997；11(4)：247-248
[26]、袁国桢．李香．社交焦虑障碍研究新进展．国外医学精神病学分册，2000．11．15；27(4)：230-233
[27]、赵靖平．陈晓岗．社交焦虑障碍的认识与治疗现状．国外医学精神病学分册，2000．11．15；27(4)：226—230
[28]、张厚粲．《心理与教育统计学》．北京师范大学出版社，2000．8
[29]、郑日昌．《心理测量》．湖南教育出版社．1988．11
[30]、Amerian Psychiatric Association(1994).Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4 edn.).Washington,DC:Author
[31]、Barry J.Ries and Daniel W. Mcneil, Assessment of contemporary social phobia verbal report instuments. Behaviour Research and Therapy 36(1998)983-994
[32]、Carlos Blanco,Franklin R,Schneier. Current and New Aproaches to Social Phobia. Primary Care 2(4). 1997
[33]、Joannie Mschrof. tacey Schultz, Social anxiety. U.S.News and World Report, Washington;Jun 21,1999
[34]、Lorna Peters. Discriminant validity of the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory(SPAI), the Social Phobia Scale(SPS) and the Social Interaction Anxiety scale(SIAS).Behaviour Research and Therapy 38 (2000)943-950
[35]、Mark A .Zamorski ,Randy K .Ward. Social Anxiety Disorder :Common ,Disabling,anf Treatable .J Am Board Fam Pract 2000 13 (4):Ann arbor
[36]、Martin L Boone and Daniel W McNeil, Multimodal Comparisons of Social Phobia Subtypes and Avoidant Personality Disorder. Journal of Anxiety disordes, Vol. 13, No3, pp271-292, 1999
[37]、Murray B Srein;Yin M Kean. Disability and quality of life in social phobia:Epicmiologic findings .The American Jourul of Psychiatry ,Washington ,2000.9
[38]、Murry B.Stein,Yin M. Kean. Disability and quality of life in social phobia :Epidemiologic findings.The American Joural of Psychiatry ;Washington; 157 (Oct.2000):1606-1613
[39]、Murray B.Stein、Denise A.Chavira. Subtypes of social phobia and comorbidity with depression and other anxiety disorders.Journal of Affective Disorders 50 (1998)S11-S16
[40]、N..Brunello, J.A.denBoer, L.L .JUDD, S.Kasper, J.B.Kelsey, M.Lader, Y.Lecrubier, J.P. Lepine, R.B.Lydiaard, J.Mendlewicz, S.A.Montgomery, G.Racagni, M.B.Stein, H.U.Wittchen. Social phobia :Diagnosis and epidemiology ,neurobiology and pharmacology ,comorbidity and
treatment .Journal of affective Disorder 60(2000)61-74
[41]、Richard P .Mattick, J.Christopher Clarke, Development and validation of social phobia scrutiny fear and social interaction anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy 36(1998): 455-470
[42]、Steven A.Safren, Cynthia L, Factor structure of the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale and the Social Phobia Scale. Behaviour Research and Therapy 36(1998)443-453
[43]、Steven A.Safren, Richard G.Heimberg, Kelly J.Harlan R.Juster, Franklin R. Schneier, Michael R.Liebowitz. Factor Structure of Social Fears:The Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale .Journal of Anxiety Disorders, Vol. 13.No.3,pp253-270,1999
[44]、Thomas Fydrich, Dianne L.Chambless, Kevin J.Perry, Friederike Buergener, Marria B.Beazley .Behavioral assessment of social performance: a raring system for social phobia. Behavior Reseach and Therapy 36(1998) 995-1010
[2]、曹中昌．唐秋美．社交恐怖症的研究进展．国外医学精神病学分册，1995．22(3)：143-147
[3]、陈彦方．《CCMD-3》．山东科学技术出版社，2001．4．1
[4]、陈建国．鲁龙光．社交焦虑症226例临床观察．中国心理卫生杂志，1996；10(6)：270
[5]、戴海崎．张峰．《心理与教育测量》．暨南大学出版社，1999．2．1
[6]、高文凤．丛中．《社交焦虑与大学生自尊、自我接纳的关系》．健康心理学杂志，2000．05．15；8(3)：276-279
[7]、龚耀先．《韦氏成人智力量表手册》．湖南地图出版社，1992．11
[8]、郭祖超．《医学统计学》．人民军医出版社，1999．3
[9]、江向东．王希林，《心理卫生评定量表手册》．中国心理卫生杂志社，1999．12
[10]、金丕焕．《医用统计方法》．上海医科大学出版社，1992．4
[11]、林崇德．《发展心理学》．人民教育出版社．2000．12
[12]、林雄标．胡纪泽．社交恐怖症的临床症状特征．临床精神医学杂志，1998．04．20；86-88
[13]、林雄标．胡赤怡．社交恐怖症的临床与认知特征．上海精神医学，1997．06．30；87-90
[14]、刘翔平．刘雪梅．注意缺损多动障碍量表的编制．心理发展与教育，2000．1：55-59
[15]、刘润幸．邝建．《医学统计方法与应用》．广东人民出版社同，2001．4
[16]、路英智．张勤锋．田明萍．《森田疗法治疗社交恐怖症的对照研究》．中国行为医学科学，2000．04．20；9(2)；131-132
[17]、孟宪璋．龚耀先．聋人智力量表的编制．中国临床心理学杂志，1995．3．2：75-77
[18]、Murray B．氟伏草胺治疗社交恐怖症．国外医学精神病学分册，2000；27(1)：188
[19]、彭苒龄．杨晖等．《心理学学科综合水平考试大纲及指南》．高等教育出版社，1999
[20]、沈渔邨．《精神病学第三版》．人民卫生出版社，1996．9
[21]、沈渔邨．《精神病学第四版》．人民卫生出版社，2001．9
[22]、汪斌．《精神障碍的鉴别诊断》．天津科学技术出版社，2000．5
[23]、王希林译．《实用精神病学》．人民卫生出版社，1999
[24]、吴江霖．戴健林．《心理学概论》．广东高等教育出版社，2000．8
[25]、杨眉．大学生社交焦虑的集体心理治疗．中国心理卫生杂志，1997；11(4)：247-248
[26]、袁国桢．李香．社交焦虑障碍研究新进展．国外医学精神病学分册，2000．11．15；27(4)：230-233
[27]、赵靖平．陈晓岗．社交焦虑障碍的认识与治疗现状．国外医学精神病学分册，2000．11．15；27(4)：226—230
[28]、张厚粲．《心理与教育统计学》．北京师范大学出版社，2000．8
[29]、郑日昌．《心理测量》．湖南教育出版社．1988．11
[30]、Amerian Psychiatric Association(1994).Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4 edn.).Washington,DC:Author
[31]、Barry J.Ries and Daniel W. Mcneil, Assessment of contemporary social phobia verbal report instuments. Behaviour Research and Therapy 36(1998)983-994
[32]、Carlos Blanco,Franklin R,Schneier. Current and New Aproaches to Social Phobia. Primary Care 2(4). 1997
[33]、Joannie Mschrof. tacey Schultz, Social anxiety. U.S.News and World Report, Washington;Jun 21,1999
[34]、Lorna Peters. Discriminant validity of the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory(SPAI), the Social Phobia Scale(SPS) and the Social Interaction Anxiety scale(SIAS).Behaviour Research and Therapy 38 (2000)943-950
[35]、Mark A .Zamorski ,Randy K .Ward. Social Anxiety Disorder :Common ,Disabling,anf Treatable .J Am Board Fam Pract 2000 13 (4):Ann arbor
[36]、Martin L Boone and Daniel W McNeil, Multimodal Comparisons of Social Phobia Subtypes and Avoidant Personality Disorder. Journal of Anxiety disordes, Vol. 13, No3, pp271-292, 1999
[37]、Murray B Srein;Yin M Kean. Disability and quality of life in social phobia:Epicmiologic findings .The American Jourul of Psychiatry ,Washington ,2000.9
[38]、Murry B.Stein,Yin M. Kean. Disability and quality of life in social phobia :Epidemiologic findings.The American Joural of Psychiatry ;Washington; 157 (Oct.2000):1606-1613
[39]、Murray B.Stein、Denise A.Chavira. Subtypes of social phobia and comorbidity with depression and other anxiety disorders.Journal of Affective Disorders 50 (1998)S11-S16
[40]、N..Brunello, J.A.denBoer, L.L .JUDD, S.Kasper, J.B.Kelsey, M.Lader, Y.Lecrubier, J.P. Lepine, R.B.Lydiaard, J.Mendlewicz, S.A.Montgomery, G.Racagni, M.B.Stein, H.U.Wittchen. Social phobia :Diagnosis and epidemiology ,neurobiology and pharmacology ,comorbidity and
treatment .Journal of affective Disorder 60(2000)61-74
[41]、Richard P .Mattick, J.Christopher Clarke, Development and validation of social phobia scrutiny fear and social interaction anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy 36(1998): 455-470
[42]、Steven A.Safren, Cynthia L, Factor structure of the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale and the Social Phobia Scale. Behaviour Research and Therapy 36(1998)443-453
[43]、Steven A.Safren, Richard G.Heimberg, Kelly J.Harlan R.Juster, Franklin R. Schneier, Michael R.Liebowitz. Factor Structure of Social Fears:The Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale .Journal of Anxiety Disorders, Vol. 13.No.3,pp253-270,1999
[44]、Thomas Fydrich, Dianne L.Chambless, Kevin J.Perry, Friederike Buergener, Marria B.Beazley .Behavioral assessment of social performance: a raring system for social phobia. Behavior Reseach and Therapy 36(1998) 995-1010