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高强高韧堆焊焊条研制
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摘要
本文针对焊缝熔敷金属在高强时,容易开裂问题展开研究,研制了中、高碳合金钢工件表面修复的高强、高韧新型堆焊焊条。以9Cr2冷轧辊修复为例,由于工件碳当量高,焊接性差,采用焊条成功修复的关键是提高焊缝熔敷金属的高强和高韧性匹配。
     为此,分析了冷轧辊的工况条件,确定了其主要的磨损机制为金属间的粘着磨损、磨粒磨损和接触疲劳磨损。由此认为,所研制的表面堆焊焊条的组织选板条状马氏体+残余奥氏体+碳化物为宜。通过焊条药皮中添加适量的各种合金元素,使熔敷金属的组织主要为在低碳板条马氏体和残余奥氏体基体的基础上,分布一定数量、尺寸、形状的碳化物,使焊条熔敷金属的硬度达到HRc≥55以上。
     采用光学显微镜和电子扫描电镜(SEM)针对熔敷金属的裂纹形貌、夹杂物形貌、碳化物形貌、晶界形貌的观察分析,结合能谱测试结果和耐磨性测试等方面的实验。研究表明:在焊缝具有高强的情况下,为改善焊缝的韧性,加入适量稀土镁合金可以使碳化物由不均匀分布的块状变为弥散的球状、可以细化组织晶粒、净化晶界和改善其中的残余奥氏体的形状,使熔敷金属具有较高的抗开裂性,从而提高焊缝的韧性,最终提高堆焊金属的耐磨性。
     本文从理论上提出计算机辅助设计对焊条进行配方优化设计方法,为焊条的研制提供一条新途径。
The high strength and high toughness hardfacing covered electrode to the medium-high carbon alloy steel surface' repair was put forward in this paper. Owing to the 9Cr2 cold roller high carbon equivalent, the weldability is not desirable . The key to repairing cold roller is to match high strength and high toughness for the all weld metal of covered electrode .
    It was made certain the primary abrasion mechanism by analyzed cold roller work condition that is adhesive wear and abrasive wear and contact fatigue wear. The composition of all weld is suitable with lathing martensite and remains austensite , rhythm distributing to a certainty quantity , size, shape and globularity carbide by right alloys accession of electrode coating. The hardness of all weld metal arrive at above Rockwell indentation hardness 55 and been provided with stated toughness.
    The crack shape , inclusion morphology, carbide shape and crystal bound morphology were observed by adopting the light microscope and scaned electron microscope (SEM) , and aided by energy compose test result and endure abrasion test. The investigation make know that right quantity
    
    
    
    rare earth magnesium alloy can improve weld toughness and amend shape of carbide and remains austensite , fining crystal bound and purifying weld , which improved all weld metal abrasion resistance.
    It is a new approach for the formula of covered electrode by introducing computer aid optimize design .
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