电冶熔铸钢基复合材料组织及磨损性能研究
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摘要
采用电冶熔铸工艺成功制备了钢基复合材料。研究了以GCr15轴承钢为基体，分别添加不同含量的WC、TiC、SiC颗粒后所得复合材料的组织，重点分析了其磨损性能，探索了不同成分材料的磨损机理。
WC／钢复合材料中，WC颗粒含量较低的复合材料在高温下溶解严重，基体形成不连续网状复式碳化物沿晶界分布，基体中由于快速冷却析出了许多细小的原位WC颗粒；WC颗粒含量较高的复合材料中保持了一定量的原始颗粒，在基体中均匀分布；大颗粒WC颗粒周围形成了厚达数微米的反应层，界面结合强度大为提高。
TiC／钢复合材料中，原始TiC颗粒很好的保留在基体中；而SiC／钢复合材料中SiC几乎全部溶解于基体，但在基体中存在大量原位析出的SiC小晶粒。
磨损试验中发现，所有复合材料的耐磨性均比基体材料有不同程度的提高，含大颗粒WC复合材料的耐磨性比含小颗粒WC复合材料的耐磨性要好，颗粒含量、大小、间距对材料的磨损性能都有影响；通过对磨痕形貌的观察，认为基体材料GCr15的磨损机理以粘着磨损和磨粒磨损为主，加入硬质颗粒后，以磨粒磨损为主，而且随硬质颗粒含量的增加，粘着逐步减轻。
Steel matrix composites have been produced by electroslag melting and casting technique. The microstructure of composites with different content hard particles in GCrlS matrix was researched. The wear resistance and mechanism were analyzed.
In the composites with lower content WC particles, the higher solution of WC particles makes cemented carbide compound along the grain boundary and small in-situ WC particles are found in the matrix. In the composites with higher content WC particles, the source WC particles are kept partly and distributed in the matrix uniformly. The interface between large WC particles and steel matrix forms the reaction layer of several mms which enhances the toughness of interface highly.
In the composites reinforced by TiC particles, the source particles are kept unchanged. While all of SiC particles dissolve in the matrix and many small in-situ SiC particles are found in the matrix.
We also have found that the wear resistance of all the composites is obviously improved to different extent. The resistance of composites with large hard particles is better than the composites with small hard particles. The wear resistance of the composites is influenced by the contents, the sizes and the distance of the hard particles obviously. The SEM imagines of worn surface show that the wear mechanism of GCrl5 matrix is adhesive wear and abrasive wear, the wear mechanism of composites reinforced by hard particles is mainly abrasive wear. The adhesive wear is decreased with the increase of the content of hard particles accordingly.
WC／钢复合材料中，WC颗粒含量较低的复合材料在高温下溶解严重，基体形成不连续网状复式碳化物沿晶界分布，基体中由于快速冷却析出了许多细小的原位WC颗粒；WC颗粒含量较高的复合材料中保持了一定量的原始颗粒，在基体中均匀分布；大颗粒WC颗粒周围形成了厚达数微米的反应层，界面结合强度大为提高。
TiC／钢复合材料中，原始TiC颗粒很好的保留在基体中；而SiC／钢复合材料中SiC几乎全部溶解于基体，但在基体中存在大量原位析出的SiC小晶粒。
磨损试验中发现，所有复合材料的耐磨性均比基体材料有不同程度的提高，含大颗粒WC复合材料的耐磨性比含小颗粒WC复合材料的耐磨性要好，颗粒含量、大小、间距对材料的磨损性能都有影响；通过对磨痕形貌的观察，认为基体材料GCr15的磨损机理以粘着磨损和磨粒磨损为主，加入硬质颗粒后，以磨粒磨损为主，而且随硬质颗粒含量的增加，粘着逐步减轻。
Steel matrix composites have been produced by electroslag melting and casting technique. The microstructure of composites with different content hard particles in GCrlS matrix was researched. The wear resistance and mechanism were analyzed.
In the composites with lower content WC particles, the higher solution of WC particles makes cemented carbide compound along the grain boundary and small in-situ WC particles are found in the matrix. In the composites with higher content WC particles, the source WC particles are kept partly and distributed in the matrix uniformly. The interface between large WC particles and steel matrix forms the reaction layer of several mms which enhances the toughness of interface highly.
In the composites reinforced by TiC particles, the source particles are kept unchanged. While all of SiC particles dissolve in the matrix and many small in-situ SiC particles are found in the matrix.
We also have found that the wear resistance of all the composites is obviously improved to different extent. The resistance of composites with large hard particles is better than the composites with small hard particles. The wear resistance of the composites is influenced by the contents, the sizes and the distance of the hard particles obviously. The SEM imagines of worn surface show that the wear mechanism of GCrl5 matrix is adhesive wear and abrasive wear, the wear mechanism of composites reinforced by hard particles is mainly abrasive wear. The adhesive wear is decreased with the increase of the content of hard particles accordingly.
引文
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