基于嵌入式Linux的路由器的开发
摘要
计算机技术发展到今天，嵌入式系统的应用越来越广泛：嵌入式计算机在应用数量上远远超过了各种通用计算机，一台通用计算机的外部设备中就包含了5-10个嵌入式微处理器。而随着网络技术日新月异的发展，各种网络器件成为嵌入式系统新的应用。微处理器产生后，价格低廉、结构小巧的CPU和外设连接提供了稳定可靠的硬件架构，那么限制嵌入式系统发展的瓶颈就突出表现在了软件方面。
Linux因其可应用于多种硬件平台；是免费软件，源代码可以得到；微内核，本身内置网络支持和高度模块化等优点，非常适合做嵌入式开发的操作系统。
本论文在实践的基础上首先给出了在一块8M的DiskOnChip上搭建基于Red HatLinux 6.2的嵌入Linux的具体实现，然后介绍了一个网络方面的应用：简单路由器的实现。并对其中的系统驱动，创建文件系统，IP伪装等技术难点进行了仔细的剖析，提出了自己的观点。在最后，本论文对所做的工作进行了总结并且展望了本嵌入式系统的其他应用。
With the rapid development of computer technology, embedded system is more and more widely used. By now, embedded computer system is much more than common computer in quantity, there are about 5?0 microprocessor in the peripheral equipment of a computer. At the mean time, lots of network equipments become the new application environment of embedded system since the progressively development of network technology. Although the cheap and powerful microprocessors and various kinds of peripheral equipments have made the hardware frames of all kinds of embedded applications stable and reliable, the choke point of the widely application of embedded system is the software that make them work.
Because it?s excellent kernel design and application performance, Linux is running on many kinds of hardware. Linux also owns other merits such as its free source code, its inherit networking functions and its modularization design in kernel. Therefore Linux is very suitable to be the operate system of embedded system.
Based on our fundamental experiments, an embedded Linux system on a Disk0nChip whose capacity is 8M run by our new compiled Red Hat Linux 6. 2 is presented in this article. A simple router is also configured on this embedded Linux system. Then, in one chapter of this article a detailed analysis about some application hotspots such as system driver, file system and IP masquerade is also made. At last, a sum梪p and prospect of some other usage of Linux embedded system are given.
Linux因其可应用于多种硬件平台；是免费软件，源代码可以得到；微内核，本身内置网络支持和高度模块化等优点，非常适合做嵌入式开发的操作系统。
本论文在实践的基础上首先给出了在一块8M的DiskOnChip上搭建基于Red HatLinux 6.2的嵌入Linux的具体实现，然后介绍了一个网络方面的应用：简单路由器的实现。并对其中的系统驱动，创建文件系统，IP伪装等技术难点进行了仔细的剖析，提出了自己的观点。在最后，本论文对所做的工作进行了总结并且展望了本嵌入式系统的其他应用。
With the rapid development of computer technology, embedded system is more and more widely used. By now, embedded computer system is much more than common computer in quantity, there are about 5?0 microprocessor in the peripheral equipment of a computer. At the mean time, lots of network equipments become the new application environment of embedded system since the progressively development of network technology. Although the cheap and powerful microprocessors and various kinds of peripheral equipments have made the hardware frames of all kinds of embedded applications stable and reliable, the choke point of the widely application of embedded system is the software that make them work.
Because it?s excellent kernel design and application performance, Linux is running on many kinds of hardware. Linux also owns other merits such as its free source code, its inherit networking functions and its modularization design in kernel. Therefore Linux is very suitable to be the operate system of embedded system.
Based on our fundamental experiments, an embedded Linux system on a Disk0nChip whose capacity is 8M run by our new compiled Red Hat Linux 6. 2 is presented in this article. A simple router is also configured on this embedded Linux system. Then, in one chapter of this article a detailed analysis about some application hotspots such as system driver, file system and IP masquerade is also made. At last, a sum梪p and prospect of some other usage of Linux embedded system are given.
引文
[1] 走马观花看路由 壮志 http://cn.tech.yahoo.com/020121/61/xm0s.html
[2] 在Windows NT系统下构建多协议软路由器 刘义春 www.swm.com.cn/yingyong/rj-98-yy2/98-y2-yy11.htm
[3] 嵌入式Linux技术的现状与发展动向 金西(中国科技大学) 黄汪(华恒网络技术有限公司) www.ahetc.gov.cn/cit/200008/13.htm
[4] 向二十一世纪的嵌入式系统综述 北京诺浩数字基因研究所 中国单片机公共实验室(BOL) 吕京建 肖海桥(www.bol-system.com)
[5] 嵌入式Linux系统设计与应用 王学龙 编著 清华大学出版社
[6] 嵌入式Linux简介 华恒科技 www.hhcn.org/jianjie.html
[7] 评论：Linux—嵌入之王 刘畅 www.linuxbyte.net/ShowArt.php3?ID＝3330
[8] 构造嵌入式Linux 黄敦 www.ccidnet.com/tech/os/2001/03/15/58 1828.html
[9] Routing in the internet www.scit.wlv.ac.uk/~jphb/comms/iproute.html
[10] TCP/IP Network Administration, 2nd Edition By Craig Hunt 2nd Edition December 1997
[11] 什么是路由器? Luster的空间 www.linuxaid.com.cn/engineer/luster/mypost/whatsrouter.html
[12] Internet路由技术及相关协议 发布者：周文辉 丁利剑 唐健 来源：国家数字交换系统工程技术研究中心 http://www2.cnhonker.net/huc/files/show.php?id=142
[13] Linux IP Masquerade HOWTO www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/IP-Masquerade-HOWTO/ipmasq-background2.1.html
[14] 组网用网：Linux办公室联网 [加] Vikor T. Toth 著 李昭智 等译 电子工业出版社
[15] 用Linux中的IPChains实现路由器和防火墙 俞时权 秦明 计算机工程 2001．2
[16] Linux环境下基于策略的路由 www.ccw.com.cn/htm/app/linux/scheme/01_7_25_10.asp
[17] NC544 Document Microcomputer，System，Ltd
[18] DiskOnChip Document M-system，Ltd
[19] doc-linux-4．2．2 Readme．install M-system，Ltd
[20] Linux Filesystem HowTo www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/Filesystems-HOWTO.html
[21] 一张软盘上的Linux www.linuxforum.net/doc/lilo-wu.html
[22] Building a root filesystem-The Linux Bootdisk HOWTO www.linux.org
[23] 基于Linux的路由器和防火墙技术 肖明 胡金柱 肖毅 计算机应用研究 1999，16(5)
[24] Linux Network Administrator's Guide, 2nd Edition By Olaf Kirch, Terry Dawson 2nd Edition June 2000
[25] Unix Network Programming Stevens, W. Richard; Prentice Hall; 1990;
[26] Linux IPChains-HowTo http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/IPCHAINS-HOWTO-4.html#ss4.1
[27] 如何建立一个Subnet，并以Linux当Static Router http://www.stat.fju.edu.tw/Teachonline/%E5%BB%96%E5%BB%BA%E7%BF%94/Linux/Router/router.htm
[28] 用Linux做路由器for red hat 6.2 中国Linux论坛
[29] Linux下路由器的配置之二 http://www.linuxaid.com.cn/support/showfom.jsp?i＝2688
[30] 如何用Linux安装TCP／IP路由器 www.linuxeden.com
[31] 路由器和防火墙 —BBS水木清华精华区
[32] Linux网络代码导读v0.2 www.LinuxAid.com.cn
[33] Linux下Ipv4和Ipv6的互操作性研究 www.linuxeden.com
[2] 在Windows NT系统下构建多协议软路由器 刘义春 www.swm.com.cn/yingyong/rj-98-yy2/98-y2-yy11.htm
[3] 嵌入式Linux技术的现状与发展动向 金西(中国科技大学) 黄汪(华恒网络技术有限公司) www.ahetc.gov.cn/cit/200008/13.htm
[4] 向二十一世纪的嵌入式系统综述 北京诺浩数字基因研究所 中国单片机公共实验室(BOL) 吕京建 肖海桥(www.bol-system.com)
[5] 嵌入式Linux系统设计与应用 王学龙 编著 清华大学出版社
[6] 嵌入式Linux简介 华恒科技 www.hhcn.org/jianjie.html
[7] 评论：Linux—嵌入之王 刘畅 www.linuxbyte.net/ShowArt.php3?ID＝3330
[8] 构造嵌入式Linux 黄敦 www.ccidnet.com/tech/os/2001/03/15/58 1828.html
[9] Routing in the internet www.scit.wlv.ac.uk/~jphb/comms/iproute.html
[10] TCP/IP Network Administration, 2nd Edition By Craig Hunt 2nd Edition December 1997
[11] 什么是路由器? Luster的空间 www.linuxaid.com.cn/engineer/luster/mypost/whatsrouter.html
[12] Internet路由技术及相关协议 发布者：周文辉 丁利剑 唐健 来源：国家数字交换系统工程技术研究中心 http://www2.cnhonker.net/huc/files/show.php?id=142
[13] Linux IP Masquerade HOWTO www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/IP-Masquerade-HOWTO/ipmasq-background2.1.html
[14] 组网用网：Linux办公室联网 [加] Vikor T. Toth 著 李昭智 等译 电子工业出版社
[15] 用Linux中的IPChains实现路由器和防火墙 俞时权 秦明 计算机工程 2001．2
[16] Linux环境下基于策略的路由 www.ccw.com.cn/htm/app/linux/scheme/01_7_25_10.asp
[17] NC544 Document Microcomputer，System，Ltd
[18] DiskOnChip Document M-system，Ltd
[19] doc-linux-4．2．2 Readme．install M-system，Ltd
[20] Linux Filesystem HowTo www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/Filesystems-HOWTO.html
[21] 一张软盘上的Linux www.linuxforum.net/doc/lilo-wu.html
[22] Building a root filesystem-The Linux Bootdisk HOWTO www.linux.org
[23] 基于Linux的路由器和防火墙技术 肖明 胡金柱 肖毅 计算机应用研究 1999，16(5)
[24] Linux Network Administrator's Guide, 2nd Edition By Olaf Kirch, Terry Dawson 2nd Edition June 2000
[25] Unix Network Programming Stevens, W. Richard; Prentice Hall; 1990;
[26] Linux IPChains-HowTo http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/IPCHAINS-HOWTO-4.html#ss4.1
[27] 如何建立一个Subnet，并以Linux当Static Router http://www.stat.fju.edu.tw/Teachonline/%E5%BB%96%E5%BB%BA%E7%BF%94/Linux/Router/router.htm
[28] 用Linux做路由器for red hat 6.2 中国Linux论坛
[29] Linux下路由器的配置之二 http://www.linuxaid.com.cn/support/showfom.jsp?i＝2688
[30] 如何用Linux安装TCP／IP路由器 www.linuxeden.com
[31] 路由器和防火墙 —BBS水木清华精华区
[32] Linux网络代码导读v0.2 www.LinuxAid.com.cn
[33] Linux下Ipv4和Ipv6的互操作性研究 www.linuxeden.com
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