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吗啉合成方法的研究
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摘要
随着我国精细化工行业的迅速发展,吗啉作为精细化工产品中间体,在橡胶助剂、医药、农药、涂料、防腐等领域用途广泛,需求量不断提高,价格不断提升。吗啉的生产方法主要有二乙醇胺(DEA)浓酸脱水环化法和二甘醇(DEG)氨解脱水环化法,DEA法原料价格高,DEG法催化剂性能不稳定、活性低。这两种生产方法均有工艺不完善等缺点,导致生产成本居高不下,因此逐步完善已有生产工艺、加快吗啉工业化生产的进程、降低生产成本、满足市场需求有着重要的意义。
     本文首先对DEA法生产吗啉的工艺条件进行了研究,采用单因素实验方案,以吗啉的最终收率为考察指标,获得了DEA法生产吗啉的最适宜条件:反应时间90min,二乙醇胺/浓硫酸(摩尔比)为1:1.8,反应温度为200℃,在此条件下,吗啉收率为79.3%。同时也对吗啉反应液的分离与提纯方法进行了研究,得出了最佳分离条件:当将1.5倍反应液重的NaOH(≥45%)溶液与反应液混合进行精馏时,可以获得最佳效果,馏分中吗啉含量为21.55%;按照吗啉提纯液中含水量加入固碱进行精馏提纯时,随着固碱加入量的增大,吗啉的提纯效果越来越好,当碱溶液浓度达80%时,馏液中吗啉含量可达93.4%。同时,并提出了吗啉残液处理的初步方案。
    
     本文对OEG法合成吗琳用催化剂进行了研究,反应在1L高压釜
    中进行,反应压力2~4MPa,温度180一200℃,过程主要考察了催化
    剂组成对反应的影响,采用均匀设计实验方案,以吗琳收率为考察指
    标,实验结果用回归程序进行处理,获得了该催化剂配方的最佳组成:
    3 .99%T 1 02,6.47%N 10,24.80%Zno,29.09%Cuo,35.65%A1203,
    在此条件下,吗琳收率为18.5%。
With a fast development in fine chemicals, morpholine are mostly applied in many research fields as intermediate of many organic product, such as rubber assistant, medicine, pesticides and so onl. There are mainly two methods to synthesize morpholine, cyclodehydration of diethanol amine (DBA) with sulfuric acid and cyclocondensation of diethylene glycol(DEG) with NHs in the presence of catalyst. For there are some shortages for these two methods, a lower yield of morpholine with DEA , unstable performance and a lower activity of catalyst, so it has an important significance to perfect production technology, speed up the industrial program, reduce the production cost, meet the market demand.
    Firstly, with a single-factor experiment and the final yield of morpholine as the testing target, the appropriate reaction condition for preparation of morpholine by cyclodehydration of diethanol amine were: reaction temperature 200 C, n(diethanol amine)/n(sulfuric acid) 1:1.8, reaction time 90minutes, the morpholine yield reached 79.3%. The optium separation condition for separating morpholine from solution from its preparation were: when the ratio of m(addition of sodium hydroxide solution( 45%)) to m(reaction solution) is 1:1.5, the
    
    
    morpholine yield has a efficient result, the concentration of fraction is about 21.5%. Moreover, with a increasing addition of liquid sodium hydroxide, the content of morpholine in fraction has a efficient result, reaching 93.4% in 80%(the content of sodium hydroxide). Based on the experimental data, a method was put forward to deal with the relic solution.
    Secondly, with temperature of 180~200 C and pressure of 2~4MPa, the morpholine preparation by DEG were investigated which were carried out in a 1L high-pressure autoclave. The influence of composition of catalyst on reaction was mearsured with a uniform design method. By setting the yield of morpholine as target, the optimum composition of catalyst regressed by computer based on the experiment data were: 3.99%TiO2, 6.47%NiO, 24.80%ZnO, 29.09%CuO, 35.65%Al2O3, the yield of morpholine reached 18.5%.
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