量子点材料的结构设计、生化分析及光电转换的研究
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摘要
量子点纳米材料具有优越的光电性能，在发光器件、生物标记、生化分析及太阳能电池领域中有着广泛的应用前景。量子点作为荧光探针，与量子点表面修饰物有关。因此随着纳米技术的进步，量子点的表面修饰以及性能优化成为生化分析研究者关注的目标。由于量子点具有量子限制效应、多激子效应，量子点敏化太阳能电池引起了科学家们的极大兴趣。
本论文研究水溶性CdTe量子点的制备及其在生化分析上的应用，以及CdS、CdSe等纳米颗粒的制备及其在太阳能电池上的应用。
采用水相合成法，制备荧光性质优良的L-半胱氨酸功能化CdTe量子点。以其作为荧光探针，基于量子点的荧光淬灭效应，建立氯霉素的荧光测定方法。该方法用于链霉素片剂中氯霉素含量的测定，结果符合标定值。
采用水相合成法，制备巯基丙酸功能化CdTe量子点和L-半胱氨酸、巯基丙酸功能化CdTe量子点。基于量子点的荧光淬灭效应，通过同步荧光法，建立四环素和孔雀石绿的荧光测定方法。该方法用于样品中四环素和孔雀石绿含量的测定，结果符合标定值和添加值。
采用水相合成法，制备巯基乙酸功能化CdTe/CdSe核壳量子点。以其作为荧光探针，基于量子点的荧光增强效应，建立卡那霉素和链霉素的荧光测定方法。该方法用于样品中卡那霉素和链霉素含量的测定，结果与高效液相法测定结果相符。
采用化学浴沉积法，在CoO晶种层薄膜上制备垂直于FTO导电玻璃的CoO纳米线阵列，然后在其表面电沉积CdS或CdSe纳米颗粒，从而形成CdS/CoO或CdSe/CoO纳米异质结，将其作为太阳能电池的光阴极，获得0.102%或0.015%的光电转化效率。
此外，对于生化药物和量子点之间可能的反应机制及CdS/CoO或CdSe/CoO纳米异质结电池产生电流的机理，本论文也进行研究和探讨，这将为量子点材料在生化分析和太阳能电池领域的应用研究奠定坚实基础。
Quantum dots materials show great potential in many applications such as lumi-nescence devices, bio-imaging fluorophores, biochemical analysis and solar cells dueto their outstanding optical and electronical properties. Quantum dots are used asfluorescent probes due to their surface modifications. With the development of nano-technology, surface modifications and performance improvement of Quantum dotshave become a core objective of modern research in biochemical analysis. For thevirtue of quantum confinement effect and multiple exciton generation of quantum dots,the reasearch of quantum dots sensitized solar cells have gained great interests inrecent years.
In this thesis, water-soluble CdTe quantum dots were synthesized and applied inthe field of biochemical analysis, and CdS or CdSe nanoparticles were prepared andused in the field of solar cells.
L-cysteine functionalized CdTe quantum dots with excellent fluorescenceproperties were successfully prepared by simple water-phase synthesis method. Basedon the fluorescence quenching of quantum dots, the fluorescence method for thedetermination of chloramphenicol was proposed using quantum dots as a fluorescentprobe. The developed method was used for the determination of chloramphenicol inthe commercial chloramphenicol tablets, and the results were consistent with theclaimed value.
Mercapto propionic acid functionalized CdTe quantum dots and L-cysteine andmercapto propionic acid functionalized CdTe quantum dots were synthesized bysimple water-phase synthesis method. Based on fluorescence quenching of quantumdots, the fluorescence methods for the detection of tetracycline and malachite greenwere developed by synchronous fluorescence method. The proposed methods wereused to determinate tetracycline and malachite green in the samples, and the resultswere consistent with the claimed value and the adding value.
Thioglycolic acid functionalized CdTe/CdSe core-shell quantum dots wereprepared by water-phase synthesis method. Based on the fluorescence enhancement ofquantum dots, the fluorescence methods for the determination of kanamycin andstreptomycin were proposed with quantum dots as fluorescent probes. The proposedmethods were used for the determination of kanamycin and streptomycin in thesamples, and the results by the presented method were in accordance with those of HPLC method.
CoO nanowire arrays were grown on the FTO substrates by chemical bath depo-sition method. Then, CdS or CdSe nanoparticles was electrodeposited on the CoOnanowire arrays, and CdS/CoO or CdSe/CoO nano-heterojunction was formed. TheCdS/CoO or CdSe/CoO nano-heterojunctions was used as the photocathode forquantum dot sensitized solar cells, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of0.102%or0.015%was achieved.
In addition, the possible reaction mechanisms of quantum dots and biochemicalmedicines, and the mechanisms of cathodic photocurrent generation in CdS/CoO andCdSe/CoO nano-heterojunction were discussed, which set a good foundation forapplication research in biochemical analysis and quantum dot sensitized solar cells.
本论文研究水溶性CdTe量子点的制备及其在生化分析上的应用，以及CdS、CdSe等纳米颗粒的制备及其在太阳能电池上的应用。
采用水相合成法，制备荧光性质优良的L-半胱氨酸功能化CdTe量子点。以其作为荧光探针，基于量子点的荧光淬灭效应，建立氯霉素的荧光测定方法。该方法用于链霉素片剂中氯霉素含量的测定，结果符合标定值。
采用水相合成法，制备巯基丙酸功能化CdTe量子点和L-半胱氨酸、巯基丙酸功能化CdTe量子点。基于量子点的荧光淬灭效应，通过同步荧光法，建立四环素和孔雀石绿的荧光测定方法。该方法用于样品中四环素和孔雀石绿含量的测定，结果符合标定值和添加值。
采用水相合成法，制备巯基乙酸功能化CdTe/CdSe核壳量子点。以其作为荧光探针，基于量子点的荧光增强效应，建立卡那霉素和链霉素的荧光测定方法。该方法用于样品中卡那霉素和链霉素含量的测定，结果与高效液相法测定结果相符。
采用化学浴沉积法，在CoO晶种层薄膜上制备垂直于FTO导电玻璃的CoO纳米线阵列，然后在其表面电沉积CdS或CdSe纳米颗粒，从而形成CdS/CoO或CdSe/CoO纳米异质结，将其作为太阳能电池的光阴极，获得0.102%或0.015%的光电转化效率。
此外，对于生化药物和量子点之间可能的反应机制及CdS/CoO或CdSe/CoO纳米异质结电池产生电流的机理，本论文也进行研究和探讨，这将为量子点材料在生化分析和太阳能电池领域的应用研究奠定坚实基础。
Quantum dots materials show great potential in many applications such as lumi-nescence devices, bio-imaging fluorophores, biochemical analysis and solar cells dueto their outstanding optical and electronical properties. Quantum dots are used asfluorescent probes due to their surface modifications. With the development of nano-technology, surface modifications and performance improvement of Quantum dotshave become a core objective of modern research in biochemical analysis. For thevirtue of quantum confinement effect and multiple exciton generation of quantum dots,the reasearch of quantum dots sensitized solar cells have gained great interests inrecent years.
In this thesis, water-soluble CdTe quantum dots were synthesized and applied inthe field of biochemical analysis, and CdS or CdSe nanoparticles were prepared andused in the field of solar cells.
L-cysteine functionalized CdTe quantum dots with excellent fluorescenceproperties were successfully prepared by simple water-phase synthesis method. Basedon the fluorescence quenching of quantum dots, the fluorescence method for thedetermination of chloramphenicol was proposed using quantum dots as a fluorescentprobe. The developed method was used for the determination of chloramphenicol inthe commercial chloramphenicol tablets, and the results were consistent with theclaimed value.
Mercapto propionic acid functionalized CdTe quantum dots and L-cysteine andmercapto propionic acid functionalized CdTe quantum dots were synthesized bysimple water-phase synthesis method. Based on fluorescence quenching of quantumdots, the fluorescence methods for the detection of tetracycline and malachite greenwere developed by synchronous fluorescence method. The proposed methods wereused to determinate tetracycline and malachite green in the samples, and the resultswere consistent with the claimed value and the adding value.
Thioglycolic acid functionalized CdTe/CdSe core-shell quantum dots wereprepared by water-phase synthesis method. Based on the fluorescence enhancement ofquantum dots, the fluorescence methods for the determination of kanamycin andstreptomycin were proposed with quantum dots as fluorescent probes. The proposedmethods were used for the determination of kanamycin and streptomycin in thesamples, and the results by the presented method were in accordance with those of HPLC method.
CoO nanowire arrays were grown on the FTO substrates by chemical bath depo-sition method. Then, CdS or CdSe nanoparticles was electrodeposited on the CoOnanowire arrays, and CdS/CoO or CdSe/CoO nano-heterojunction was formed. TheCdS/CoO or CdSe/CoO nano-heterojunctions was used as the photocathode forquantum dot sensitized solar cells, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of0.102%or0.015%was achieved.
In addition, the possible reaction mechanisms of quantum dots and biochemicalmedicines, and the mechanisms of cathodic photocurrent generation in CdS/CoO andCdSe/CoO nano-heterojunction were discussed, which set a good foundation forapplication research in biochemical analysis and quantum dot sensitized solar cells.
引文
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