田径运动员肢体力量训练器的研发
|
摘要
田径运动是一项结合了速度与力量、耐力与技巧的综合性体育运动,是世界上历史最悠久,普及最广泛的体育运动。
力量素质是田径运动员的一项基本素质,是其训练必不可少的组成。在田径运动中,运动员的力量素质直接决定了技术动作的速度、幅度、运动耐力,对运动成绩有着重要的影响。因此力量训练是田径运动员日常训练的重要内容。在提高田径运动员力量素质方面,先进的力量训练器发挥着基础作用。从天然重物到杠铃,再到当今各式各样的高科技力量训练器,力量训练器的发展经历了几次革新。
现代力量训练在总结前人经验的基础上,提出了一些原则和方法,如超负荷原则、渐增阻力原则、专门性原则等。训练方法也很多,除传统的等张、等长、等动练习外,近年来又出现了超等长训练法、电刺激法、跳深练习法等新式训练方法。力量素质与其他身体素质有着密切的关系,往往影响到其他素质的发展。力量也是掌握运动技术、提高运动成绩的基础,可以说,力量素质是运动员身体训练水平的重要指标。要想提高运动员的力量素质,必须注意力量素质中各种力量的协调发展。
在体育训练中,为了提高运动员的运动水平,力量训练器械是必不可少的。以往,由于对田径运动员尤其是径赛运动员专项力量训练的概念认识不清,误把杠铃负重练习做为田径运动员专项力量训练的专门手段。
现代力量训练非常重视练习过程中肌肉之间和肌群之间的协作与配合。由于杠铃负重练习在练习形式和负荷上均不可能完全与专项技术一致,所以人们开始从肌肉工作的“力度”上寻求力量与专项技术的衔接。现有的力量训练器械也基本上是以综合训练器为主。国内通常采用的是等动力量训练器,以进行等动力量练习,这样可使肌肉在整个关节运动范围内都得到最大锻炼,而且训练效果比等长训练、等张训练更为明显。但等动力量训练需要的辅助器械操作比较复杂,需要专人指导,而且此类力量训练器械的造价昂贵,不仅增加了训练成本,也影响器械普及。因此,加强力量训练器材的研发十分必要。
本文研发论证的“田径运动员肢体力量训练器”,融合了现代比较先进的力量训练器械和传统训练手段的优点,操作简单,为运动员局部肌群力量的提高提供了良好训练器材。
田径运动员肢体力量训练器针对田径运动员肢体力量训练而设计。运动员面对或背对器械,根据训练的部位的不同,确定器械钢索一端所需要固定的肢体位置;依据个人力量素质和训练需要,增减杠铃片负荷,对具体肌肉部位进行克服阻力拉伸练习。这种训练器械在肢体力量训练中如果正确应用,对发展局部肌肉力量,特别是小肌肉群和腰腹肌的力量,有着较好的效果。
田径运动员肢体力量训练器的优点是成本较低,不但适合基层训练单位的使用,同样适合专业队和高校体育教学训练,这就意味着该器械适用范围较广,并能充分发挥杠铃片的作用。田径运动员肢体力量训练器的研发目的主要针对田径运动员大腿肌后群的力量训练,但经过后期验证与标定发现,器械中端支柱上的可上下移动调节的滑轮组,可以根据运动员和训练需要进行调节,从而使该器械也适用于运动员的大腿肌前群的力量训练、上肢力量训练和投掷臂的一些简单并结合技术动作的力量训练。对田径运动员肢体力量训练起着积极作用。
Track and field sport, as a kind of comprehensive sports, is a combination of speed and, Strength, stamina and skills. It is the oldest and most popular sport in the world.
As one basic quality of the field and track athlete, the Strength training turns to be an indispensable part of the athletes' daily training exercise, because thequality of Strength means so much to the speed and range of the technical movement to the field and track athletes, and these elements directly influence the athletes' exercise achievements. Due to this important reason, the advanced trainers for Strength play an important foundation role.From the natural heavy item to the barbell, and to the nowadays all kinds of High-tech strength trainer, there was a long innovation and development process of the Strength trainer has been through.
Modern strength training, is not only based on previous experience, but also, proposes some fresh principles and methods, such as the Overload Principle, the Principle of Gradually Resistance Increasing, theTechnicality Principle, and so on. There are many training methods among the Strength promotion field, besides the traditional isotonic, isometric, and isokinetic exercise, there are super-equal-length training method, electro stimulation method and jump drop training method have been created in recent years as well. The strength quality has close relationship with other physical qualities, which usually affects the development of other qualities. The strength is also the foundation of the sport technique mastering, therefore, it can be said that the strength quality is one of the important indexes of athletes' physical training level.
In order to raise the athletic quality, strength training equipments are absolutely necessary in the whole training process. While, it is quite easy for the people to misunderstand the concept of strength training for the FTA, mistakenly put weight barbell and barbell exercises FTAs' specific strength trainer and training.
The modern strength training exercises pay a lot attention to the muscles and muscle groups' coordination and cooperation. It is because of the weight-bearing barbell exercises can not be completely suit the special needs of the FTAs' strength training demands people began to research the "intensity" of muscles, hope to find the connection between the strength and special sports skills. Basically, the existing strength training equipments are mainly comprehensive trainers, the isokinetic strength training equipments are widely used domestically, which good at the isokinetic exercise, so that the muscles can obtain the largest exercise in the whole range of joint motion and the training effect is more obvious than the isometric training and isotonic training. However, isokinetic strength training needs to use complicated assistant equipments., many of them has high-price and hard to be operated. Moreover, these strength training equipments high cost not only increases the cost of sports training, but also influents the popularization. Therefore, strengthening the research of strength training equipments is the important measure to raise the domestic physical exercise level.
The Trainer of Limb Strength Training for FTA, which has been designed and discussed, is one combination of the advanced Strength trainer and traditional Strength training facilities. It is easy to be handled, and works well on the local muscle units' Strength promote.
The design of the Trainer was totally based on the field and track athletes' limb Strength training process. When the trainer be used, athletes need to face on or backs on the it, according to the site of body, which athletes demand to train, fix the certain position with the tight wire of trainer. Based on how much weight the athlete is able to support, add or cut down the barbell load to give the certain muscle efficient stretch exercise. With accurate and correct use, some part of muscles strength would be well developed, such as the local muscle strength, small muscle groups and lumber muscle strength.
The most impress advantage of this trainer is the cheap cost, this condition much helpful to the grass roots level, professional teams and colleges which can not plough a lot into the physical exercise and education progress; which situation can be seriously considered about to broadly extend, and also help to re-function the barbells. The design of the trainer mainly aims at the strength training of athletes' posterior muscular group of thigh. However, after few test and analysis, there are many of positive effect from the trainer to the athletes' anterior muscular group of thigh, as well as few simple movements combined with the technical movement of arm throwing.
力量素质是田径运动员的一项基本素质,是其训练必不可少的组成。在田径运动中,运动员的力量素质直接决定了技术动作的速度、幅度、运动耐力,对运动成绩有着重要的影响。因此力量训练是田径运动员日常训练的重要内容。在提高田径运动员力量素质方面,先进的力量训练器发挥着基础作用。从天然重物到杠铃,再到当今各式各样的高科技力量训练器,力量训练器的发展经历了几次革新。
现代力量训练在总结前人经验的基础上,提出了一些原则和方法,如超负荷原则、渐增阻力原则、专门性原则等。训练方法也很多,除传统的等张、等长、等动练习外,近年来又出现了超等长训练法、电刺激法、跳深练习法等新式训练方法。力量素质与其他身体素质有着密切的关系,往往影响到其他素质的发展。力量也是掌握运动技术、提高运动成绩的基础,可以说,力量素质是运动员身体训练水平的重要指标。要想提高运动员的力量素质,必须注意力量素质中各种力量的协调发展。
在体育训练中,为了提高运动员的运动水平,力量训练器械是必不可少的。以往,由于对田径运动员尤其是径赛运动员专项力量训练的概念认识不清,误把杠铃负重练习做为田径运动员专项力量训练的专门手段。
现代力量训练非常重视练习过程中肌肉之间和肌群之间的协作与配合。由于杠铃负重练习在练习形式和负荷上均不可能完全与专项技术一致,所以人们开始从肌肉工作的“力度”上寻求力量与专项技术的衔接。现有的力量训练器械也基本上是以综合训练器为主。国内通常采用的是等动力量训练器,以进行等动力量练习,这样可使肌肉在整个关节运动范围内都得到最大锻炼,而且训练效果比等长训练、等张训练更为明显。但等动力量训练需要的辅助器械操作比较复杂,需要专人指导,而且此类力量训练器械的造价昂贵,不仅增加了训练成本,也影响器械普及。因此,加强力量训练器材的研发十分必要。
本文研发论证的“田径运动员肢体力量训练器”,融合了现代比较先进的力量训练器械和传统训练手段的优点,操作简单,为运动员局部肌群力量的提高提供了良好训练器材。
田径运动员肢体力量训练器针对田径运动员肢体力量训练而设计。运动员面对或背对器械,根据训练的部位的不同,确定器械钢索一端所需要固定的肢体位置;依据个人力量素质和训练需要,增减杠铃片负荷,对具体肌肉部位进行克服阻力拉伸练习。这种训练器械在肢体力量训练中如果正确应用,对发展局部肌肉力量,特别是小肌肉群和腰腹肌的力量,有着较好的效果。
田径运动员肢体力量训练器的优点是成本较低,不但适合基层训练单位的使用,同样适合专业队和高校体育教学训练,这就意味着该器械适用范围较广,并能充分发挥杠铃片的作用。田径运动员肢体力量训练器的研发目的主要针对田径运动员大腿肌后群的力量训练,但经过后期验证与标定发现,器械中端支柱上的可上下移动调节的滑轮组,可以根据运动员和训练需要进行调节,从而使该器械也适用于运动员的大腿肌前群的力量训练、上肢力量训练和投掷臂的一些简单并结合技术动作的力量训练。对田径运动员肢体力量训练起着积极作用。
Track and field sport, as a kind of comprehensive sports, is a combination of speed and, Strength, stamina and skills. It is the oldest and most popular sport in the world.
As one basic quality of the field and track athlete, the Strength training turns to be an indispensable part of the athletes' daily training exercise, because thequality of Strength means so much to the speed and range of the technical movement to the field and track athletes, and these elements directly influence the athletes' exercise achievements. Due to this important reason, the advanced trainers for Strength play an important foundation role.From the natural heavy item to the barbell, and to the nowadays all kinds of High-tech strength trainer, there was a long innovation and development process of the Strength trainer has been through.
Modern strength training, is not only based on previous experience, but also, proposes some fresh principles and methods, such as the Overload Principle, the Principle of Gradually Resistance Increasing, theTechnicality Principle, and so on. There are many training methods among the Strength promotion field, besides the traditional isotonic, isometric, and isokinetic exercise, there are super-equal-length training method, electro stimulation method and jump drop training method have been created in recent years as well. The strength quality has close relationship with other physical qualities, which usually affects the development of other qualities. The strength is also the foundation of the sport technique mastering, therefore, it can be said that the strength quality is one of the important indexes of athletes' physical training level.
In order to raise the athletic quality, strength training equipments are absolutely necessary in the whole training process. While, it is quite easy for the people to misunderstand the concept of strength training for the FTA, mistakenly put weight barbell and barbell exercises FTAs' specific strength trainer and training.
The modern strength training exercises pay a lot attention to the muscles and muscle groups' coordination and cooperation. It is because of the weight-bearing barbell exercises can not be completely suit the special needs of the FTAs' strength training demands people began to research the "intensity" of muscles, hope to find the connection between the strength and special sports skills. Basically, the existing strength training equipments are mainly comprehensive trainers, the isokinetic strength training equipments are widely used domestically, which good at the isokinetic exercise, so that the muscles can obtain the largest exercise in the whole range of joint motion and the training effect is more obvious than the isometric training and isotonic training. However, isokinetic strength training needs to use complicated assistant equipments., many of them has high-price and hard to be operated. Moreover, these strength training equipments high cost not only increases the cost of sports training, but also influents the popularization. Therefore, strengthening the research of strength training equipments is the important measure to raise the domestic physical exercise level.
The Trainer of Limb Strength Training for FTA, which has been designed and discussed, is one combination of the advanced Strength trainer and traditional Strength training facilities. It is easy to be handled, and works well on the local muscle units' Strength promote.
The design of the Trainer was totally based on the field and track athletes' limb Strength training process. When the trainer be used, athletes need to face on or backs on the it, according to the site of body, which athletes demand to train, fix the certain position with the tight wire of trainer. Based on how much weight the athlete is able to support, add or cut down the barbell load to give the certain muscle efficient stretch exercise. With accurate and correct use, some part of muscles strength would be well developed, such as the local muscle strength, small muscle groups and lumber muscle strength.
The most impress advantage of this trainer is the cheap cost, this condition much helpful to the grass roots level, professional teams and colleges which can not plough a lot into the physical exercise and education progress; which situation can be seriously considered about to broadly extend, and also help to re-function the barbells. The design of the trainer mainly aims at the strength training of athletes' posterior muscular group of thigh. However, after few test and analysis, there are many of positive effect from the trainer to the athletes' anterior muscular group of thigh, as well as few simple movements combined with the technical movement of arm throwing.
引文
[1]黄岩.变频式力量训练器的研发[J].河北师范大学研究生毕业论文集.2008.
[2]陈小平.力量训练的发展动向与趋势[J].体育科学.2004(9).
[3][美]约翰·克斯克/文,楼成/编译.田径[M]2005年第2期53-55.
[4]王保成,王川,周志雄.对我国短跑运动专项力量训练的思考与建议[J].首都体育学院学报.2005,7,(4):39-41.
[5]张勤河,刘秀云,刘凤善,张长强.适于下肢力量训练的健身器械设计[J].机械设计与研究.2004,2(20):1.
[6][澳]约翰·A·霍利等著.徐昌豹审译.跑步[M].人民体育出版社.2002.7.
[7]刘建国.田径[M].高等教育出版社.2006,5.
[8]陈小平.力量训练的发展动向与趋势[J].体育科学.2004,(24):9.
[9]王保成.我国田径运动专项力量训练的现状与分析[J].北京体育大学学报.1995,(6):17-19.
[10]王保成.竞技体育力量训练指导.北京人民出版社.2002.
[11]韩庆来.“自行车身后牵拉跑”在课余训练中的运用[J].中国学校体育.2006,7:48-49.
[12]王保成.现代短跑技术与短跑专项力量训练[C].第六届全国体育科学大会论文摘要汇编(二).2002.205.
[13]王鲁克.现代短跑技术的生物力学分析[J]。田径指南.1989(3):6-8.
[14]许以诚,池泰棱,刘文海,关莉莉,陈锡尧,金赟.加压力量训练器的研制与应用效果初探[J].上海体育科研.2003,(24):4.
[15]果召全,高阳,左振腾.浅析短跑运动员力量训练的特征及方法[J].唐山师范学院学报.2006,(2):102-204。
[16]何集中.对现代短跑技术训练的研究[J].安徽体育科技.2001(4):46-48.
[17]南传营,宗广森,袁建民.橡皮带在短跑力量训练中的应用[J].体育教学.2006,1.
[18]刘建国,等.田径运动[M].北京:高等教育出版社.2002.11.
[19]王保成.对短跑技术和专项力量的再认识[J].田径.1995,(3):14.
[20]孙家林,等.游泳运动员下肢力量训练器械的研制[C].机械.2001,(28)5.
[21]王保成,等.田径运动理论创新探索[M].北京体育大学出版社.2003.
[22]张英波.现代田径运动训练方法[M].北京体育大学出版社.2005,1.
[23]郑秀瑗,等.运动生物力学进展[M].国防工业出版社.1998.
[24]王保成,王川.田径运动理论创新探索[M].北京:北京体育大学出版社,2003.94.
[25]袁运平,王保成.短跑[M].北京:人民体育出版社,1996.16.
[26]杨诚斌,孙喜庆,王永春,刘挺松,冯岱雅,姚永杰.自行下体负压训练器锻炼对心血管功能及下体负压耐力的影响[J].航天医学与医学工程.2004,6(17)3,192-195.
[27]王海侨.下肢自我训练器的设计方案[J].中国康复医学杂志,2004(19)9,701.
[28]朱瑞银,施朝晖,陈中,方明,管俊华,陈益林.下肢CPM训练器的研制[J].医疗卫生装备,2002,2,18-19.
[29]张勤河,刘秀云,刘凤善,张长强.适于下肢力量训练的健身器械设计[J].机械设计与研究,2004,2(20)1,72-73.
[30]姚金菊,林娜,陈天石.肌肉电刺激在运动训练中应用的探讨[J].福建体育科技,1996(15)4,14-16.
[31]郑爱莲.电刺激力量训练在田径运动训练中的应用[J].喀什师范学院学报,2002,5(23)3,79-81.
[32]隋国华.单杠屈伸上训练器在教学训练中运用效果的实验研究[J].北京体育大学学报,2005,1(28).
[33]李建设,潘慧炬,吴忠贯.NMES-168型电刺激肌肉力量训练器的研制[J].北京体育大学学报,1999,6(22)2,56-58,66.
[34]黄洪,刘百敏编译.SJ-1型数字静力训练仪的特点[J].苏联,国外体育,1982:17-18.
[35]王兴泽,王冰,胡贤豪.振动力量训练综述[J].山东体育学院学报,2007,23(1):63-66.
[36]高伟,王子議,季林红.一种运动员腿部专项力量训练器的开发[A].机械设计与研究,2008,(3):89-91.
[37]张勤河,刘秀云,刘凤善,张长强.适于下肢力量训练的健身器械设计[A].机械设计与研究,2004,20(1):72-73.
[38]王知行,刘廷荣.机械原理[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000.
[39]徐灏.机械设计手册[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1991.
[40]陈世材.浅谈力量训练器材设计的基本原理[J].四川体育科学,1988,(4):41-48.
[41]王清.力量训练研究综述.国家体委科研所,1989:1-17.
[42]丛凯滋.简易力量训练架的制作及其使用方法.38-42.
[43]耶西斯(美国).力量素质发展的新趋势[M].1985,(9):10-12.
[44]许以诚,池泰棱,刘文海等.加压力量训练器的研制与应用效果初探[J].上海体育科研,2003,24(4):33-34.
[45]黄洪.TL液压多功能力量训练器械运动参数检测方法的研究[J].上海体育学院学报,1983,7(3):77-81.
[46]杨津森,林锦洪.TL液压多功能力量训练器械系列的原理和性能[J].上海体育学院学报,1983,7(3):70-73.
[47]郑爱莲.电刺激力量训练在田径运动训练中的应用[J].喀什师范学院学报,2002,23(3):70-81.
[48]孟祥新.田径运动员力量素质训练应遵循的基本原理[J].体育函授通讯,2002,18(2):56-71.
[49]过家兴.运动训练学[M].北京:人民体育出版社,1990.
[50]张俊青.力量训练科学化控制的理论探讨[J].成都体育学院学报,2001.
[51]韩喆,毕红星.试析力量训练中的新思路[J].四川体育科学,2006(2):68-70,83.
[52]谭红,骆建,王绍军.田径运动中肌肉收缩速度力量分析及其训练原理探讨[J].西安育学院学报,2005,(5):51-54,61.
[53]魏安奎.力量训练对专项成绩的影响[J].上海体育学院学报,2004,(3):48-61.
[54]张俊青.力量训练科学化控制的理论探讨[J].成都体育学院学报,2001,(4):57-61.
[55]孙建.浅谈田径运动员专项提高阶段的力量训练方法[J].鸡西大学学报,2007,7(5):24-25.
[56]徐佶,吕乙林,刘永东.现代田径运动训练的主要特征——兼论我国田径训练中存在的问题和对策[J].广州体育学院学报,2000,20(1):89-93.
[57]文超.田径热点论[M].北京:人民体育出版社,1996,69-106.
[58]徐佶.少儿田径运动力量训练的理论与方法[J].宁夏体育科技,1995(3):16-18.
[59]赖勇泉,徐佶.关于田径运动身体训练几个方法论原则的构建与思考[J].广州体育学院学报,1996,16(2):47-52.
[60]刘江南,徐佶.我国田径运动面临的困境与对策[J].广州体育学院学报,1995,15(4):1-7.
[61]程新英,易锋.现代田径运动力量训练的理论及方法[A].体育成人教育学刊,2004,20(4):79-80.
[62]童丽珍.田径运动中力量训练理论及方法[J].中南民族大学学报(人文社会科学版),2005,25:396-398.
[63]田麦久,等.运动训练学[M].北京:人民体育出版社,2000.
[64]陈伟.田径专项力量训练分析[J].南京体育学院学报,2002,16(5):123-124.
[65]蒋惠珍.短跑运动员专项力量训练新理念[J].哈尔滨体育学院学报.2006,(3):82-83.
[66]中国知识产权网.网址:http://www.cnipr.com/
[67]中国专利大全.网址:http://www.cpsfu.com/
[2]陈小平.力量训练的发展动向与趋势[J].体育科学.2004(9).
[3][美]约翰·克斯克/文,楼成/编译.田径[M]2005年第2期53-55.
[4]王保成,王川,周志雄.对我国短跑运动专项力量训练的思考与建议[J].首都体育学院学报.2005,7,(4):39-41.
[5]张勤河,刘秀云,刘凤善,张长强.适于下肢力量训练的健身器械设计[J].机械设计与研究.2004,2(20):1.
[6][澳]约翰·A·霍利等著.徐昌豹审译.跑步[M].人民体育出版社.2002.7.
[7]刘建国.田径[M].高等教育出版社.2006,5.
[8]陈小平.力量训练的发展动向与趋势[J].体育科学.2004,(24):9.
[9]王保成.我国田径运动专项力量训练的现状与分析[J].北京体育大学学报.1995,(6):17-19.
[10]王保成.竞技体育力量训练指导.北京人民出版社.2002.
[11]韩庆来.“自行车身后牵拉跑”在课余训练中的运用[J].中国学校体育.2006,7:48-49.
[12]王保成.现代短跑技术与短跑专项力量训练[C].第六届全国体育科学大会论文摘要汇编(二).2002.205.
[13]王鲁克.现代短跑技术的生物力学分析[J]。田径指南.1989(3):6-8.
[14]许以诚,池泰棱,刘文海,关莉莉,陈锡尧,金赟.加压力量训练器的研制与应用效果初探[J].上海体育科研.2003,(24):4.
[15]果召全,高阳,左振腾.浅析短跑运动员力量训练的特征及方法[J].唐山师范学院学报.2006,(2):102-204。
[16]何集中.对现代短跑技术训练的研究[J].安徽体育科技.2001(4):46-48.
[17]南传营,宗广森,袁建民.橡皮带在短跑力量训练中的应用[J].体育教学.2006,1.
[18]刘建国,等.田径运动[M].北京:高等教育出版社.2002.11.
[19]王保成.对短跑技术和专项力量的再认识[J].田径.1995,(3):14.
[20]孙家林,等.游泳运动员下肢力量训练器械的研制[C].机械.2001,(28)5.
[21]王保成,等.田径运动理论创新探索[M].北京体育大学出版社.2003.
[22]张英波.现代田径运动训练方法[M].北京体育大学出版社.2005,1.
[23]郑秀瑗,等.运动生物力学进展[M].国防工业出版社.1998.
[24]王保成,王川.田径运动理论创新探索[M].北京:北京体育大学出版社,2003.94.
[25]袁运平,王保成.短跑[M].北京:人民体育出版社,1996.16.
[26]杨诚斌,孙喜庆,王永春,刘挺松,冯岱雅,姚永杰.自行下体负压训练器锻炼对心血管功能及下体负压耐力的影响[J].航天医学与医学工程.2004,6(17)3,192-195.
[27]王海侨.下肢自我训练器的设计方案[J].中国康复医学杂志,2004(19)9,701.
[28]朱瑞银,施朝晖,陈中,方明,管俊华,陈益林.下肢CPM训练器的研制[J].医疗卫生装备,2002,2,18-19.
[29]张勤河,刘秀云,刘凤善,张长强.适于下肢力量训练的健身器械设计[J].机械设计与研究,2004,2(20)1,72-73.
[30]姚金菊,林娜,陈天石.肌肉电刺激在运动训练中应用的探讨[J].福建体育科技,1996(15)4,14-16.
[31]郑爱莲.电刺激力量训练在田径运动训练中的应用[J].喀什师范学院学报,2002,5(23)3,79-81.
[32]隋国华.单杠屈伸上训练器在教学训练中运用效果的实验研究[J].北京体育大学学报,2005,1(28).
[33]李建设,潘慧炬,吴忠贯.NMES-168型电刺激肌肉力量训练器的研制[J].北京体育大学学报,1999,6(22)2,56-58,66.
[34]黄洪,刘百敏编译.SJ-1型数字静力训练仪的特点[J].苏联,国外体育,1982:17-18.
[35]王兴泽,王冰,胡贤豪.振动力量训练综述[J].山东体育学院学报,2007,23(1):63-66.
[36]高伟,王子議,季林红.一种运动员腿部专项力量训练器的开发[A].机械设计与研究,2008,(3):89-91.
[37]张勤河,刘秀云,刘凤善,张长强.适于下肢力量训练的健身器械设计[A].机械设计与研究,2004,20(1):72-73.
[38]王知行,刘廷荣.机械原理[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000.
[39]徐灏.机械设计手册[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1991.
[40]陈世材.浅谈力量训练器材设计的基本原理[J].四川体育科学,1988,(4):41-48.
[41]王清.力量训练研究综述.国家体委科研所,1989:1-17.
[42]丛凯滋.简易力量训练架的制作及其使用方法.38-42.
[43]耶西斯(美国).力量素质发展的新趋势[M].1985,(9):10-12.
[44]许以诚,池泰棱,刘文海等.加压力量训练器的研制与应用效果初探[J].上海体育科研,2003,24(4):33-34.
[45]黄洪.TL液压多功能力量训练器械运动参数检测方法的研究[J].上海体育学院学报,1983,7(3):77-81.
[46]杨津森,林锦洪.TL液压多功能力量训练器械系列的原理和性能[J].上海体育学院学报,1983,7(3):70-73.
[47]郑爱莲.电刺激力量训练在田径运动训练中的应用[J].喀什师范学院学报,2002,23(3):70-81.
[48]孟祥新.田径运动员力量素质训练应遵循的基本原理[J].体育函授通讯,2002,18(2):56-71.
[49]过家兴.运动训练学[M].北京:人民体育出版社,1990.
[50]张俊青.力量训练科学化控制的理论探讨[J].成都体育学院学报,2001.
[51]韩喆,毕红星.试析力量训练中的新思路[J].四川体育科学,2006(2):68-70,83.
[52]谭红,骆建,王绍军.田径运动中肌肉收缩速度力量分析及其训练原理探讨[J].西安育学院学报,2005,(5):51-54,61.
[53]魏安奎.力量训练对专项成绩的影响[J].上海体育学院学报,2004,(3):48-61.
[54]张俊青.力量训练科学化控制的理论探讨[J].成都体育学院学报,2001,(4):57-61.
[55]孙建.浅谈田径运动员专项提高阶段的力量训练方法[J].鸡西大学学报,2007,7(5):24-25.
[56]徐佶,吕乙林,刘永东.现代田径运动训练的主要特征——兼论我国田径训练中存在的问题和对策[J].广州体育学院学报,2000,20(1):89-93.
[57]文超.田径热点论[M].北京:人民体育出版社,1996,69-106.
[58]徐佶.少儿田径运动力量训练的理论与方法[J].宁夏体育科技,1995(3):16-18.
[59]赖勇泉,徐佶.关于田径运动身体训练几个方法论原则的构建与思考[J].广州体育学院学报,1996,16(2):47-52.
[60]刘江南,徐佶.我国田径运动面临的困境与对策[J].广州体育学院学报,1995,15(4):1-7.
[61]程新英,易锋.现代田径运动力量训练的理论及方法[A].体育成人教育学刊,2004,20(4):79-80.
[62]童丽珍.田径运动中力量训练理论及方法[J].中南民族大学学报(人文社会科学版),2005,25:396-398.
[63]田麦久,等.运动训练学[M].北京:人民体育出版社,2000.
[64]陈伟.田径专项力量训练分析[J].南京体育学院学报,2002,16(5):123-124.
[65]蒋惠珍.短跑运动员专项力量训练新理念[J].哈尔滨体育学院学报.2006,(3):82-83.
[66]中国知识产权网.网址:http://www.cnipr.com/
[67]中国专利大全.网址:http://www.cpsfu.com/
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |