钛铁矿与钛辉石的表面溶解对矿物可浮性的影响研究
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摘要
微细粒钛铁矿比表面积大,在浮选矿浆中的表面溶解将改变矿物的表面性质与浮选矿浆的溶解化学环境,影响矿物的分离。攀枝花钛铁矿中细粒矿物含量高(-19μm占35%左右),矿物溶解行为复杂,严重恶化钛铁矿与硅酸盐脉石的分离。论文研究了钛铁矿与钛辉石表面离子的溶解行为；系统考查了pH调整剂种类、矿物溶解以及溶解离子对钛铁矿和钛辉石浮选行为的影响及其影响机理；并分析及明确了油酸钠浮选钛铁矿与钛辉石体系中,不同矿浆pH值条件下,影响钛铁矿与钛辉石浮选分离的因素,以及油酸钠与钛铁矿和钛辉石表面离子的作用原理。得到以下研究结果。
(1)钛铁矿的可浮性强于钛辉石。采用H2SO4作为pH调整剂可增大钛铁矿与钛辉石的可浮性差异。在pH为5.5-6的弱酸性和pH为9-10的弱碱性条件下存在钛铁矿与钛辉石浮选分离的可能性。
(2)浮选过程中,钛铁矿与钛辉石表面的金属离子Ca2+、Mg2+、Al3+、Fe (Fe2+, Fe3+)均能大量溶出,溶出量都随pH值升高而降低,且钛辉石表面离子的溶出量均显著大于钛铁矿。离子溶出量高低顺序为Ca2+>Mg2+>Fe (Fe2+, Fe3+)>Al3+>Ti4+, Ca2+、Mg2+在pH<11的范围内都有较高的溶出量,Fe (Fe2+, Fe3+)、Al3+在pH<6的酸性条件下有一定量的溶解,Ti4+几乎不溶出。
(3)酸性条件下,油酸钠主要与钛铁矿表面的Fe3+作用,碱性条件下主要与Ca2+和Mg2+反应；而对于钛辉石,酸性条件及碱性条件下其表面与油酸钠作用的主要活性吸附点都是Ca2+和Mg2+。
(4)浮选过程中,弱酸性条件下钛辉石表面Ca2+、Mg2+大量溶解导致可浮性显著降低,钛铁矿表面Fe (Fe2+, Fe3+)溶出较小,且能大量氧化成Fe3+,矿物具有较好的可浮性。碱性条件下,钛铁矿表面Fe2+的氧化程度显著降低；钛铁矿与钛辉石表面Ca2+、Mg2+,几乎不溶出,较弱酸性条件下更易与油酸钠化学作用,且生成的化合物更稳定。
因此应在弱酸性pH条件(5.5-6.0)实现钛铁矿与钛辉石的浮选分离。
The surface dissolution of fine ilmenite in pulp will change its surface properties and the solution chemistry environment thanks to its large specific surface area, that effects the flotation separation efficiency of ilmenite and titanaugite. The high fine mineral content of Panzhihua ilmenite (-19μm size frcation is about 35%) leads to its complex dissolution behaviour, which will worsen the flotation separation of ilmenite from other silicate gangues sharply. The solubility behaviour of ilmenite and titanaugite surface metal ions was investigated in this paper. The influence of pH regulators type, mineral surface dissolution and solvent ions on the flotation behaviour of ilmenite and titanaugite and its influence mechanism were also researched. The influence factors of flotation separation of ilmenite from titanaugie, the adsorption mechanism of sodium oleate on ilmenite and titanaugite surface were studied and explicated in the flotation system using sodium oleate as collector. The main conclusions and innovation spots of this paper show as follows:
(1)Ilmenite shows better flotability than titanaugite. The flotability differences between ilmenite and titanaugite are most remarkable while using H2SO4 adjusting pulp pH value. There is possibility to separate ilmenite from titanaugite in the faintly acid pH range of 5.5-6 and the alkalescence pH range of 9-10.
(2) In flotation process, Large numbers of Ca2+,Mg2+,Al3+,Fe (Fe2+, Fe3+) may dissolve into pulp from ilmenite and titanaugite surface, the dissolution rate will reduce with increasing pH, and the metal ions on ilmenite surface shows more solubility greatly than on titanaugite surface. The dissolution in unit of metal ions on mineral surface is Ca2+>Mg2+>Al3+>Fe (Fe2+, Fe3+)>Ti4+, Whereby Ca2+, Mg2+ have remarkable solubility when pH< 11, Al3+ and Fe (Fe2+, Fe3+) have a right amount of rease only when pH<6, Ti dissolves hardly.
(3) Under acid condition sodium oleate react mainly with Fe3+ on ilmenite surface, while under alkalimity condition mainly with Ca2+ and Mg2+. For titanaugite, the main activated adsorption sites on its surface are Ca2+ and Mg2+ under acid and alkalinity condition.
(4) In flotation process under faintly acid pH condition, the great dissolution of Ca2+ and Mg2+ on titanaugite surface can drastically decrease its flotability, Fe2+ on ilmenite surface dissolve hardly but can be oxidated to Fe3+ largely, that makes ilmenite keep preferably flotability. Under alkalinity condition, the degree of oxidation of Fe2+ on ilmenite surface decrease markedly, Ca2+ and Mg2+ on ilmenite and titanaugite surface which dissolve hardly, can react with sodium oleate more easily to product more steady chemical compounds compared to the reaction under acid condition.
So it's necessary to separate ilmenite from titanaugite under faintly acid condition(5.5-6.0).
(1)钛铁矿的可浮性强于钛辉石。采用H2SO4作为pH调整剂可增大钛铁矿与钛辉石的可浮性差异。在pH为5.5-6的弱酸性和pH为9-10的弱碱性条件下存在钛铁矿与钛辉石浮选分离的可能性。
(2)浮选过程中,钛铁矿与钛辉石表面的金属离子Ca2+、Mg2+、Al3+、Fe (Fe2+, Fe3+)均能大量溶出,溶出量都随pH值升高而降低,且钛辉石表面离子的溶出量均显著大于钛铁矿。离子溶出量高低顺序为Ca2+>Mg2+>Fe (Fe2+, Fe3+)>Al3+>Ti4+, Ca2+、Mg2+在pH<11的范围内都有较高的溶出量,Fe (Fe2+, Fe3+)、Al3+在pH<6的酸性条件下有一定量的溶解,Ti4+几乎不溶出。
(3)酸性条件下,油酸钠主要与钛铁矿表面的Fe3+作用,碱性条件下主要与Ca2+和Mg2+反应；而对于钛辉石,酸性条件及碱性条件下其表面与油酸钠作用的主要活性吸附点都是Ca2+和Mg2+。
(4)浮选过程中,弱酸性条件下钛辉石表面Ca2+、Mg2+大量溶解导致可浮性显著降低,钛铁矿表面Fe (Fe2+, Fe3+)溶出较小,且能大量氧化成Fe3+,矿物具有较好的可浮性。碱性条件下,钛铁矿表面Fe2+的氧化程度显著降低；钛铁矿与钛辉石表面Ca2+、Mg2+,几乎不溶出,较弱酸性条件下更易与油酸钠化学作用,且生成的化合物更稳定。
因此应在弱酸性pH条件(5.5-6.0)实现钛铁矿与钛辉石的浮选分离。
The surface dissolution of fine ilmenite in pulp will change its surface properties and the solution chemistry environment thanks to its large specific surface area, that effects the flotation separation efficiency of ilmenite and titanaugite. The high fine mineral content of Panzhihua ilmenite (-19μm size frcation is about 35%) leads to its complex dissolution behaviour, which will worsen the flotation separation of ilmenite from other silicate gangues sharply. The solubility behaviour of ilmenite and titanaugite surface metal ions was investigated in this paper. The influence of pH regulators type, mineral surface dissolution and solvent ions on the flotation behaviour of ilmenite and titanaugite and its influence mechanism were also researched. The influence factors of flotation separation of ilmenite from titanaugie, the adsorption mechanism of sodium oleate on ilmenite and titanaugite surface were studied and explicated in the flotation system using sodium oleate as collector. The main conclusions and innovation spots of this paper show as follows:
(1)Ilmenite shows better flotability than titanaugite. The flotability differences between ilmenite and titanaugite are most remarkable while using H2SO4 adjusting pulp pH value. There is possibility to separate ilmenite from titanaugite in the faintly acid pH range of 5.5-6 and the alkalescence pH range of 9-10.
(2) In flotation process, Large numbers of Ca2+,Mg2+,Al3+,Fe (Fe2+, Fe3+) may dissolve into pulp from ilmenite and titanaugite surface, the dissolution rate will reduce with increasing pH, and the metal ions on ilmenite surface shows more solubility greatly than on titanaugite surface. The dissolution in unit of metal ions on mineral surface is Ca2+>Mg2+>Al3+>Fe (Fe2+, Fe3+)>Ti4+, Whereby Ca2+, Mg2+ have remarkable solubility when pH< 11, Al3+ and Fe (Fe2+, Fe3+) have a right amount of rease only when pH<6, Ti dissolves hardly.
(3) Under acid condition sodium oleate react mainly with Fe3+ on ilmenite surface, while under alkalimity condition mainly with Ca2+ and Mg2+. For titanaugite, the main activated adsorption sites on its surface are Ca2+ and Mg2+ under acid and alkalinity condition.
(4) In flotation process under faintly acid pH condition, the great dissolution of Ca2+ and Mg2+ on titanaugite surface can drastically decrease its flotability, Fe2+ on ilmenite surface dissolve hardly but can be oxidated to Fe3+ largely, that makes ilmenite keep preferably flotability. Under alkalinity condition, the degree of oxidation of Fe2+ on ilmenite surface decrease markedly, Ca2+ and Mg2+ on ilmenite and titanaugite surface which dissolve hardly, can react with sodium oleate more easily to product more steady chemical compounds compared to the reaction under acid condition.
So it's necessary to separate ilmenite from titanaugite under faintly acid condition(5.5-6.0).
引文
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