巷采充填矸石压缩特性研究
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摘要
大规模、高强度的煤炭开采在满足国民经济发展需要的同时,不可避免的造成了严重的环境问题,其中煤矸石的露天堆放和矿区地表沉陷是核心问题之一。为了解决煤炭开采造成的环境破坏问题,应该寻找一种绿色开采技术,其中煤矸石采空区充填开采技术及其理论体系的研究是煤炭绿色开采的核心内容之一。
论文以铁法煤业集团晓南煤矿应用巷式充填方法开采工业广场保护煤柱的工程实例为研究背景。将采自晓南煤矿的矸石在实验室用自制的筛网进行筛分。根据土力学及实验力学理论,自行设计了矸石的压缩试验,研究了不同级配矸石的压缩变形规律、侧压变化规律、应力应变规律以及此规律产生的原因。运用Origin专业函数绘图软件,研究了压缩试验中矸石压缩率与轴压、轴压与侧压、压缩率与应力差之间的相关性,得到了压缩率与轴压、轴压与侧压和压缩率与应力差的关系式,分析了以上三种关系式中各个参数的取值规律。
基于弹性力学、材料力学、岩体力学和矿山开采沉陷理论,建立了顶板变形的力学模型,分析顶板变形规律,得出顶板下沉量的预测公式。针对采空区不充填开采和用不同强度矸石充填开采多种工况,运用FLAC3D有限差分软件和Surfer软件,研究岩(煤)层的采动变形规律,并对不同工况下覆岩应力分布规律、变形规律及地表沉降规律进行对比分析,从而判定巷式充填开采能够有效控制岩层移动,达到“减沉”和“减排”的目的。
Large scale and high strength coal mining can meet the national economy development needs.At the same time, that also leads to serious environment question and social question.The roots of the problem is the open.air emissions of gangue and the sedimentation of goaf. In order to solve the serious problem which resulted by coal mining, we should pay more attention to the green mining technology. The core of that technology is the backfill mining with gangue.
The research background of this paper is the coal mining by filling the gangue into the tunnel at Xiaonan Coal Mine of Tiefa Caol Mining Company Limited. Screen grade testing which can distinguish the gangue of different grade has been done in the laboratory with the self-made strainer. According to soil mechanics and experiment theory of mechanic, gangue compression test is designed. By Origin, the specialized function graphics software, features are researched and analyzde systematically about the compression curve, lateral stress curve and strain-streess curve of filling gangue in the different gradation conditions. The relationship formulas of those curves are concluded by regression analysis.At the same time, the rules of the parameter in the relationship formulas are also concluded.
On the base of the theories on ground surface settlement, Elastic mechanics and The mechanics of materials, mechanical model about roof movement is found in order to analyze the rule of that and get the prognostic formulas of that. At last, numerical simulation on rock movement is made with FLAC3D and Surfer in different mining conditions (without filling and filling with different gradation gangue) in order to find the regularity about the movement of overburden and the ground surface. By means of numerical simulation, we can get the conclusion that the backfill mining with gangue in tunnel can effectively control the rock movement.
论文以铁法煤业集团晓南煤矿应用巷式充填方法开采工业广场保护煤柱的工程实例为研究背景。将采自晓南煤矿的矸石在实验室用自制的筛网进行筛分。根据土力学及实验力学理论,自行设计了矸石的压缩试验,研究了不同级配矸石的压缩变形规律、侧压变化规律、应力应变规律以及此规律产生的原因。运用Origin专业函数绘图软件,研究了压缩试验中矸石压缩率与轴压、轴压与侧压、压缩率与应力差之间的相关性,得到了压缩率与轴压、轴压与侧压和压缩率与应力差的关系式,分析了以上三种关系式中各个参数的取值规律。
基于弹性力学、材料力学、岩体力学和矿山开采沉陷理论,建立了顶板变形的力学模型,分析顶板变形规律,得出顶板下沉量的预测公式。针对采空区不充填开采和用不同强度矸石充填开采多种工况,运用FLAC3D有限差分软件和Surfer软件,研究岩(煤)层的采动变形规律,并对不同工况下覆岩应力分布规律、变形规律及地表沉降规律进行对比分析,从而判定巷式充填开采能够有效控制岩层移动,达到“减沉”和“减排”的目的。
Large scale and high strength coal mining can meet the national economy development needs.At the same time, that also leads to serious environment question and social question.The roots of the problem is the open.air emissions of gangue and the sedimentation of goaf. In order to solve the serious problem which resulted by coal mining, we should pay more attention to the green mining technology. The core of that technology is the backfill mining with gangue.
The research background of this paper is the coal mining by filling the gangue into the tunnel at Xiaonan Coal Mine of Tiefa Caol Mining Company Limited. Screen grade testing which can distinguish the gangue of different grade has been done in the laboratory with the self-made strainer. According to soil mechanics and experiment theory of mechanic, gangue compression test is designed. By Origin, the specialized function graphics software, features are researched and analyzde systematically about the compression curve, lateral stress curve and strain-streess curve of filling gangue in the different gradation conditions. The relationship formulas of those curves are concluded by regression analysis.At the same time, the rules of the parameter in the relationship formulas are also concluded.
On the base of the theories on ground surface settlement, Elastic mechanics and The mechanics of materials, mechanical model about roof movement is found in order to analyze the rule of that and get the prognostic formulas of that. At last, numerical simulation on rock movement is made with FLAC3D and Surfer in different mining conditions (without filling and filling with different gradation gangue) in order to find the regularity about the movement of overburden and the ground surface. By means of numerical simulation, we can get the conclusion that the backfill mining with gangue in tunnel can effectively control the rock movement.
引文
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[3]不同粒径级配煤矸石散体压缩变形试验研究[J].煤炭工程,2009,11.
[4]张吉雄,缪协兴.煤矿矸石井下处理的研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2006,35(2):197.200.
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[12]谢文兵,史振凡,陈晓祥,郑百生.部分充填开采围岩活动规律分析[J].中国矿业大学学报,2004,33(2):162.165.
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[20]査剑锋,吴兵,郭广礼.充填矸石级配特性及其压缩性质试验研究[J].矿业快报,2008,12:40~42.
[21]胡炳南,郭爱国.矸石充填材料压缩仿真试验研究[J].煤炭学报,2009,34(8):1076.1080.
[22]张文海,张吉雄,赵计生等.矸石充填采煤工艺及配套设备研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报, 2007, 24(1): 79~82.
[23]张振南,茅献彪,郭广礼.松散岩块压实变形模量的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(4):578～581
[24]胡炳南,张文海,高庆朝,刘鹏亮.矸石充填巷式开采永久煤柱试验研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2006,34(11):46.48.
[25]邢延团,王明立.建筑物下矸石置换条带保护煤柱开采试验研究[J].煤矿开采,2008,13(3):45.47.
[26]张文海,张吉雄,赵计生等.矸石充填采煤工艺及配套设备研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报, 2007, 24(1): 79~82.
[27]钱鸣高,缪协兴,许家林.资源与环境协调(绿色)开采[J].煤炭学报, 2007, 32 (1): 1.7
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[33]姜振全,季梁军,左如松.煤矸石的破碎压密作用机制研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2001,30(2):139.142
[34]张爱勤.泰波理论在矿料级配设计中的应用[J].山东建材学院院报,2000,14(2):140.142.
[35]曹建新,王哲人.连续级配的级配碎石材料试验研究[J].公路交通科技,2005,22(5):14.16.
[36]徐芝纶.弹性力学简明教程[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2002.8.
[37]缪协兴,茅献彪,胡光伟.岩石(煤)的碎胀与压实特性研究[J].实验力学,1997,12(3):394～399
[38]查剑锋.矸石充填开采沉陷控制基础问题研究[D].北京:中国矿业大学,2008.12.
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[40]赵彭年.松散介质力学[M].北京:地震出版社,1995
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[2]谢和平.21世纪高新技术与我国矿业的发展与展望[J].中国矿业,2002,11(1).
[3]不同粒径级配煤矸石散体压缩变形试验研究[J].煤炭工程,2009,11.
[4]张吉雄,缪协兴.煤矿矸石井下处理的研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2006,35(2):197.200.
[5]钱鸣高.绿色开采的概念与技术体系[J].煤炭科技,2003,No.4.
[6] R.Cowling.Twenty.five Years of Mine Filling.Developments and Directions.Sixth International Symposium on Mining with Backfill Brislane:April 1998:3.10
[7]潘健.八十年代国外胶结充填采矿法的发展[J].有色金属采矿,1991(4):1.6.
[8]张东升,张吉雄,徐金海.预掘巷道过断层及其矸石井下处理技术[J].中国矿业大学学报,2004,33(2):178.182.
[9]刘建功,赵庆彪,张文海,赵计生.煤矿井下巷道矸石充填技术研究与实现[J].中国煤炭,2008,31(8):36.38.
[10]郝永玥,秦海峰.煤矿井下矸石充填工艺流程的探讨[J].河北煤炭,2004,No.6:5.6.
[11]张魁武,李金洲.掘进矸石在井下的处理[J].华北科技学院学报,2005,2(6):46.47.
[12]谢文兵,史振凡,陈晓祥,郑百生.部分充填开采围岩活动规律分析[J].中国矿业大学学报,2004,33(2):162.165.
[13]刘长友,杨培举,侯朝炯,万志军.充填开采时上覆岩层的活动规律和稳定性分析[J].中国矿业大学学报,2004,33(2):166.169.
[14]张华兴,郭爱国.宽条带充填全柱开采的地表沉陷影响因素研究[J].煤炭企业管理,2006,(6):56.57.
[15]周振宇,郭广礼,査剑锋,马占国.建筑物下矸石充填巷采沉陷控制研究[J].煤矿安全,2008,08:19.22.
[16]卢央泽,苏建军,姜仁义,李丽君.深部矿体胶结充填开采沉陷规律模拟分析[J].山东科技大学学报(自然科学版),2008,27(3):44.50.
[17]胡炳南.粉煤灰充填对控制岩层移动的理论研究[J].煤矿开采,1991,02:30.32.
[18]张吉雄.矸石直接充填综采岩层移动及其应用研究[D].北京:中国矿业大学,2008.4.
[19]涂强,张修峰,刘鹏亮,朱南京.不同粒径级配煤矸石散体压缩变形试验研究[J].煤炭工程,2009,(11):68-70.
[20]査剑锋,吴兵,郭广礼.充填矸石级配特性及其压缩性质试验研究[J].矿业快报,2008,12:40~42.
[21]胡炳南,郭爱国.矸石充填材料压缩仿真试验研究[J].煤炭学报,2009,34(8):1076.1080.
[22]张文海,张吉雄,赵计生等.矸石充填采煤工艺及配套设备研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报, 2007, 24(1): 79~82.
[23]张振南,茅献彪,郭广礼.松散岩块压实变形模量的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(4):578～581
[24]胡炳南,张文海,高庆朝,刘鹏亮.矸石充填巷式开采永久煤柱试验研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2006,34(11):46.48.
[25]邢延团,王明立.建筑物下矸石置换条带保护煤柱开采试验研究[J].煤矿开采,2008,13(3):45.47.
[26]张文海,张吉雄,赵计生等.矸石充填采煤工艺及配套设备研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报, 2007, 24(1): 79~82.
[27]钱鸣高,缪协兴,许家林.资源与环境协调(绿色)开采[J].煤炭学报, 2007, 32 (1): 1.7
[28]郭庆国.粗粒土的工程特性及应用[M].黄河水利出版社,1998.
[29]马占国,浦海,张帆,李玉寿.煤矸石的压实特性研究[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,2003,20(1):95.96.
[30] Torrey V H.Compaction characteristics of earth.rock mixtures[R].[s.l.]:[s.n.],1991.
[31]赵久柄.西宝高速公路粗粒土路基压实度的试验研究[J].国外公路,1996,16(6):18–22
[32] Donaghe R T , Torrey V H . Strength and deformation properties of earth.rock mixtures[R].[s.l.]:[s.n.],1985.
[33]姜振全,季梁军,左如松.煤矸石的破碎压密作用机制研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2001,30(2):139.142
[34]张爱勤.泰波理论在矿料级配设计中的应用[J].山东建材学院院报,2000,14(2):140.142.
[35]曹建新,王哲人.连续级配的级配碎石材料试验研究[J].公路交通科技,2005,22(5):14.16.
[36]徐芝纶.弹性力学简明教程[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2002.8.
[37]缪协兴,茅献彪,胡光伟.岩石(煤)的碎胀与压实特性研究[J].实验力学,1997,12(3):394～399
[38]查剑锋.矸石充填开采沉陷控制基础问题研究[D].北京:中国矿业大学,2008.12.
[39]高大钊,袁聚云.土质学与土力学[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2001.5.
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