土壤中石油污染物行为特征及植物根际修复研究
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摘要
我国干旱半干旱地区蕴藏石油资源丰富，石油开采量逐年攀升，然而在原油开采、运输及加工过程中由于技术、管理及事故等原因，造成大量石油进入环境给周围土壤、水体带来严重污染，使原本脆弱的自然生态环境更加恶化。由于干旱与半干旱地区气候条件所限，土壤石油污染仅仅依靠土著微生物修复不仅周期长而且效率低，只有通过微生物与植物联合作用下才能达到良好的修复效果。
本文以干旱与半干旱地区土壤石油污染植物修复为主线，采用原位试验与室内试验相结合的方法，研究了石油在土壤系统中的挥发、吸附、解吸、自然降解等行为特征及石油污染物在土壤-植物系统中的迁移和降解特征，通过监测土壤总石油烃含量（TPH）、植物生态指标、土壤主要性质指标等，考察了不同植物对石油污染物的修复作用，利用气相色谱质谱技术研究了石油污染物在植物修复中的根际分泌物的分布特征，揭示了根际分泌物对石油污染物降解的协同作用。以根际土壤为研究目标，分离、筛选获得了高效石油降解菌，考察菌株降解石油的过程和效果。建立了石油污染的植物修复技术方法，为土壤石油污染生物治理提供了科学依据。
主要研究成果及结论如下：
1、石油污染物在土壤、土壤-植物系统中的主要行为特征包括挥发、吸附、解吸、自然降解和迁移等。①石油污染物在粉质壤土中的挥发行为可以用Elovich动力学方程m=A+Blnt或一阶动力学方程m=m0e-kt描述。粗颗粒含量高、环境温度高、土壤石油污染浓度大有利于石油污染物在土壤中的挥发；②石油污染物在粉质壤土中的吸附行为可用拉格朗日二阶动力学方程dqt/dt=k2(qe-qt)2较好得描述。石油污染物在供试土壤中的平衡吸附量大小主要取决于土壤中粘粒的含量，细颗粒含量高的土壤平衡吸附量大。土壤对石油污染物吸附为放热过程，吸附过程自由能变（ΔG0）为负值，吸附过程能自发进行，整个吸附体系中熵减（ΔS0）是吸附作用进行的主要驱动力。③石油污染物在粉质壤土中的解吸行为特征可以用4参数2室一阶动力学方程qt/q0=Frexp(-krt)+Fsexp(-kst)描述。动力学分析表明石油的慢解吸速率常数要比相应的快解吸速率常数低2个数量级以上。25℃条件下渭河阶地粉质壤土、黄土台塬粉质壤土、陕北黄土高原粉质壤土中的石油解吸率分别为43.08%、52.54%和34.60%。④石油污染物在粉质壤土中的自然降解符合一阶动力学方程Ct=C0exp（-kt），渭河阶地粉质壤土石油污染浓度为3000mg/kg时，降解速率常数最大，为1.689d-1，半衰期最短，为410天；黄土台塬粉质壤土石油污染浓度为10000mg/kg时，降解速率常数最小，为0.984×10-3d-1，半衰期最长，为704天。⑤石油污染物在土壤-植物系统中的迁移特征表现为：粗颗粒含量高的渭河阶地粉质壤土在三种石油污染浓度条件下，石油污染物均迁移到90cm以下的土壤中。较渭河阶地粉质壤土中细颗粒含量多的黄土台塬粉质壤土和陕北黄土高原粉质壤土在污染浓度为3000mg/kg条件下石油污染物未穿透80cm土壤。种植红三叶草的陕北黄土高原粉质壤土各层石油污染物含量均比种植黑麦草各层高。⑥四种供试植物修复后红三叶草土壤中TPH降解率最高，其余三种植物的降解率由高到低的顺序为：扁穗冰草、黑麦草和狗牙根。在植物修复条件下，土壤中TPH降解率较空白对照提高了35-48%。
2、石油胁迫下植物根际分泌物研究：3000mg/kg石油污染下红三叶草根际区的小分子有机酸、总糖和氨基酸的含量较7000mg/kg和10000mg/kg高。三种污染浓度条件下三种根际分泌物含量均较空白对照高。表明在低浓度石油胁迫下能够促进根际区小分子有机酸、总糖和氨基酸的分泌，说明植物在石油胁迫下做出积极的反应。
3、根际石油降解菌筛选及降解特性研究：以土壤石油污染红三叶草修复区根际污染土壤为石油降解菌菌源，分离得到10株石油降解菌，通过复筛获得了4株高效降解菌，分别为SL-1、SL-3、SL-7和SL-9；通过对菌株形态观察、结合生理生化特征研究和16SrDNA分子学鉴定，确定菌株SL-1、SL-3、SL-7和SL-9分别为动性杆菌、藤黄微球菌、蜡状芽孢杆菌、短小芽孢杆菌；通过石油降解试验，建立了石油微生物一级降解动力学模型，获得了土壤中微生物降解反应速率常数与半衰期等模型参数；采用气相色谱/质谱(GC/MS)联合技术分析了菌群X6（即SL-1、SL-3、SL-7和SL-9）对石油的降解性能，结果表明：X6菌群为高效降解菌群，54天石油的降解率可达到90.50%，较空白对照提高了67.72%；随着生物降解时间的延长，石油组分中的正构烷烃、异构烷烃及环烷烃相对总量均呈减小趋势，而芳香烃和其他醇类、醛和酸类的相对含量增加。
4、土壤石油污染修复植物筛选：选择适宜在干旱半干旱地区生长的四种植物（红三叶草、扁穗冰草、黑麦草和狗牙根）进行土壤石油污染修复试验。通过监测污染土壤中的TPH降解率、植物生长性状、土壤主要性质、土壤和植物氮同位素等特征指标，筛选出高效修复植物。利用红三叶草对污染浓度为3000mg/kg的渭河阶地粉质壤土进行修复，455天土壤中TPH降解率可达94.52%，较扁穗冰草、黑麦草和狗牙根分别高13.82%、18.28%和20.82%。从植物的生长性状分析扁穗冰草对石油污染胁迫的耐受性强，初期植物的株高和生物量均较其它三种植物大。对土壤脱氢酶活性和过氧化氢酶活性以及氧化还原电位分析结果表明红三叶草三种指标随修复时间增加增长率均高于其它三种植物。红三叶草和扁穗冰草可作为干旱和半干旱地区修复土壤石油污染植物修复的良好品种。
Arid and semi-arid area of China is rich in crude petroleum. The crude petroleum production andpetroleum processing capacity are on the rise year by year. However, because of the mining technology,management, accident and other reasons of mining crude oil, transportation and processing, it results in alarge number of petroleum and its products leaking to the soil and water environment. It caused seriouspollution to the fragile natural ecological environment. Because the climate of arid and semi-arid area is notsuitable for the microorganism, the bioremediation technology for soil pollution is very difficult toguarantee long-term effects. It needs to joint plants to achieve good effect.
In this study, the research methods combine in-situ testing and physical simulation test, the process ofphytoremediation for arid and semi-arid areas soil petroleum pollution are the main study objectives. Thekinetic processes of volatilation, adsorption, desorption, migration and degradation petroleum form the soilwere observed by experiments. The transportation and degradation characteristics of petroleumcontaminants were monitored in the soil-plant system. The degradation rate of total petroleum hydrocarbon,plant rhizosphere secretions, soil enzyme activity in the soil, plant ecological indicators, soil physicalchemical indicators, soil and plant nitrogen isotopes were monitored. The repairing effects of differentplants were studied. It was used gas chromatography-mass chromatography technology to revealphytoremediation rhizosphere secretions distribution characteristics. The microbial degradation ofpetroleum components and the process, rhizosphere repair mechanism were revealed. The methods ofphytoremediation for soil petroleum pollution were built and provided a scientific basis for the soilpetroleum pollution bioremediation.
The main conclusions are as following:
1. The petroleum pollutants behavioral characteristics in the soil and soil-plant system, the mainbehavior characteristics includes volatilation, adsorption, desorption, migration and microbial degradation.①the volatile behavior of petroleum pollutants in silty loam can use Elovich dynamics equation m=A+Blntor first-order kinetics equation m=m0e-ktto describe. High ambient temperature, high contents of coarsegrains and high petroleum concentration in the spetroleum were beneficial to petroleum componentsvolatilation from the spetroleum.②The adsorption behavior of petroleum pollutants in silty loam can useLagrange second-order dynamic equation dqt/dt=k2(qe-qt)2to describe. The equilibrium adsorption ofpetroleum pollutants in silt loam were mainly affected by the soil clay content. The equilibrium adsorptionis large of fine grain content of soil. The adsorption process of petroleum onto soil is exotherme and theadsorption reaction is a spontaneous process. The amounts of petroleum adsorption gradually slow down with the temperature increasing. The confusion degree was reduced in the adsorption process.③Thedesorption behavior of petroleum pollutants in silty loam can use the4-parameter biphasic first-orderkinetic to describe. The conclusion showed that fast constant rate of desorption was more than two ordersfor slow constant rate. Under the25°C, the silty loam in Weihe terrace，silty loam in loess tableland andsilty loam in northern Loess Plateau desorption rate for petroleum were43.08%,52.54%and34.60%respectively.④The natural degradation behavior of petroleum pollutants in silty loam can use thefirst-order kinetics equation Ct=C0exp（-kt）to describe. Under the different soil and different petroleumconcentration, the natural degradation rate constant and half life is different. In the silty loam in Weiheterrace3000mg/kg petroleum concentration, the maximum degradation rate constant is1.689d-1, theminimum half-life is410days. In the silty loam in loess tableland10000mg/kg petroleum, the minimumdegradation rate constant is0.984×10-3d-1, the maximum half-life is704days.⑤The migration Behavioralcharacteristic of petroleum contaminants in the soil-plant system: the petroleum contaminants all migratedbelow the90cm soil in the silty loam in Weihe terrace under three concentrations. The oil pollutants werenot penetrate80cm soil in the silty loam in northern Loess Plateau and silty loam in loess tableland under3000mg/kg concentration.The oil pollutants content of each layers in silty loam in northern Loess Plateauplanted with Trifolium repens Linn was more than ryegrass.⑥The TPH degradation rate of Trifoliumrepens Linn soil was highest among four test phytoremediation plant. The order degradation rate of theremaining three plants as follows Agropyron cristatum (L.), Gaertn, Lolium perenne L. andCynodondactylon Linn.Pers. The TPH degradation rate of soil in phytoremediation conditions was higherthan control for35-48%.
2、Study the plant rhizosphere secretions under the petroleum pollutio: The organic acid, total sugarand amino acid content in the rhizosphere soil of Trifolium repens Linn under3000mg/kg petroleumpollution were higher than the7000mg/kg and10000mg/kg petroleum pollution.. The contents of plantrhizosphere secretions under the above three pollution concentrations was more than the control.It wasindicated that the low petroleum concentration can promote producing the small molecule organic acid,total sugar and amino acid. It explains that the plants can make positive reaction under petroleum stress.
3、Rhizosphere petroleum degradation bacteria screening and degradation characteristics study: thestrains were isolated from the petroleum-contaminated soil which collected from Trifolium repens Linnrhizosphere for petroleum containment soil and with crude petroleum as sole carbon source.10highefficient petroleum-degrading strains were obtained by enriching, domestication and purification. The bestmicroflora was composed SL-1, SL-3, SL-7and SL-9by rescreening and orthogonal experiments. The four strains had the function of degradation straight chain alkane. The two strains had the function ofdegradation cycloalkanes. The strains were identified as Planomicrobium chinense (T), Micrococcus luteus,Bacillus cereus and Bacillus pumilus based on its morphology, Physiology and biochemistry characteristicsand sequence analysis by16SrDNA. The petroleum degrading capacity of four strains was analyzed byGC/MS. The results indicated that the petroleum degradation rate could reach90.50%after54d by mixedstrain, which was67.72%higher than the control. The relative contents of the normal alkanes,isomerization alkane and cycloparafin hydrocarbon are decreased with the biodegradation time prolonged.The relative contents of aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes and acids are increased.
4、Screen the plants to repair the petroleum-contaminated soil: Screen the plants to repair thepetroleum-contaminated soil: It was choosed four types of plants in arid and semi-arid area for repairing thepetroleum pollution soil.It was Trifolium repens Linn、Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn、Lolium perenne L、Cynodondactylon Linn.Pers.respectively. The Trifolium repens Linn and Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertnwere the first time to repairing the soil with petroleum pollution.Through the monitoring the TPHdegradation rate, plant growth index, soil main properties and soil plant nitrogen isotope, then screen outadvantage plants. Through the Trifolium repens Linn repaiing the3000mg/kg petroleum contamination inhigh organic matter silty loam, the TPH degradation rate was94.52%, it was higher than Agropyroncristatum (L.) Gaertn、Lolium perenne L and Cynodondactylon Linn.Pers respectively for13.82%、18.28%G and20.82%. From the growth traits, it can be concluded that the Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn hasstrong tolerance to petroleum pollution than the other three plants. The initial height and biomass ofAgropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn was more than others. Based on soil dehydrogenase activity and hydrogenperoxide enzyme activity and oxidation reduction potential analysis, it was showed that the growth rate ofthree kinds of index with Trifolium repens Linnthe was more than others. Trifolium repens Linn andAgropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn could be used to repairing petroleum-contaminated soil in arid andsemi-arid areas.
本文以干旱与半干旱地区土壤石油污染植物修复为主线，采用原位试验与室内试验相结合的方法，研究了石油在土壤系统中的挥发、吸附、解吸、自然降解等行为特征及石油污染物在土壤-植物系统中的迁移和降解特征，通过监测土壤总石油烃含量（TPH）、植物生态指标、土壤主要性质指标等，考察了不同植物对石油污染物的修复作用，利用气相色谱质谱技术研究了石油污染物在植物修复中的根际分泌物的分布特征，揭示了根际分泌物对石油污染物降解的协同作用。以根际土壤为研究目标，分离、筛选获得了高效石油降解菌，考察菌株降解石油的过程和效果。建立了石油污染的植物修复技术方法，为土壤石油污染生物治理提供了科学依据。
主要研究成果及结论如下：
1、石油污染物在土壤、土壤-植物系统中的主要行为特征包括挥发、吸附、解吸、自然降解和迁移等。①石油污染物在粉质壤土中的挥发行为可以用Elovich动力学方程m=A+Blnt或一阶动力学方程m=m0e-kt描述。粗颗粒含量高、环境温度高、土壤石油污染浓度大有利于石油污染物在土壤中的挥发；②石油污染物在粉质壤土中的吸附行为可用拉格朗日二阶动力学方程dqt/dt=k2(qe-qt)2较好得描述。石油污染物在供试土壤中的平衡吸附量大小主要取决于土壤中粘粒的含量，细颗粒含量高的土壤平衡吸附量大。土壤对石油污染物吸附为放热过程，吸附过程自由能变（ΔG0）为负值，吸附过程能自发进行，整个吸附体系中熵减（ΔS0）是吸附作用进行的主要驱动力。③石油污染物在粉质壤土中的解吸行为特征可以用4参数2室一阶动力学方程qt/q0=Frexp(-krt)+Fsexp(-kst)描述。动力学分析表明石油的慢解吸速率常数要比相应的快解吸速率常数低2个数量级以上。25℃条件下渭河阶地粉质壤土、黄土台塬粉质壤土、陕北黄土高原粉质壤土中的石油解吸率分别为43.08%、52.54%和34.60%。④石油污染物在粉质壤土中的自然降解符合一阶动力学方程Ct=C0exp（-kt），渭河阶地粉质壤土石油污染浓度为3000mg/kg时，降解速率常数最大，为1.689d-1，半衰期最短，为410天；黄土台塬粉质壤土石油污染浓度为10000mg/kg时，降解速率常数最小，为0.984×10-3d-1，半衰期最长，为704天。⑤石油污染物在土壤-植物系统中的迁移特征表现为：粗颗粒含量高的渭河阶地粉质壤土在三种石油污染浓度条件下，石油污染物均迁移到90cm以下的土壤中。较渭河阶地粉质壤土中细颗粒含量多的黄土台塬粉质壤土和陕北黄土高原粉质壤土在污染浓度为3000mg/kg条件下石油污染物未穿透80cm土壤。种植红三叶草的陕北黄土高原粉质壤土各层石油污染物含量均比种植黑麦草各层高。⑥四种供试植物修复后红三叶草土壤中TPH降解率最高，其余三种植物的降解率由高到低的顺序为：扁穗冰草、黑麦草和狗牙根。在植物修复条件下，土壤中TPH降解率较空白对照提高了35-48%。
2、石油胁迫下植物根际分泌物研究：3000mg/kg石油污染下红三叶草根际区的小分子有机酸、总糖和氨基酸的含量较7000mg/kg和10000mg/kg高。三种污染浓度条件下三种根际分泌物含量均较空白对照高。表明在低浓度石油胁迫下能够促进根际区小分子有机酸、总糖和氨基酸的分泌，说明植物在石油胁迫下做出积极的反应。
3、根际石油降解菌筛选及降解特性研究：以土壤石油污染红三叶草修复区根际污染土壤为石油降解菌菌源，分离得到10株石油降解菌，通过复筛获得了4株高效降解菌，分别为SL-1、SL-3、SL-7和SL-9；通过对菌株形态观察、结合生理生化特征研究和16SrDNA分子学鉴定，确定菌株SL-1、SL-3、SL-7和SL-9分别为动性杆菌、藤黄微球菌、蜡状芽孢杆菌、短小芽孢杆菌；通过石油降解试验，建立了石油微生物一级降解动力学模型，获得了土壤中微生物降解反应速率常数与半衰期等模型参数；采用气相色谱/质谱(GC/MS)联合技术分析了菌群X6（即SL-1、SL-3、SL-7和SL-9）对石油的降解性能，结果表明：X6菌群为高效降解菌群，54天石油的降解率可达到90.50%，较空白对照提高了67.72%；随着生物降解时间的延长，石油组分中的正构烷烃、异构烷烃及环烷烃相对总量均呈减小趋势，而芳香烃和其他醇类、醛和酸类的相对含量增加。
4、土壤石油污染修复植物筛选：选择适宜在干旱半干旱地区生长的四种植物（红三叶草、扁穗冰草、黑麦草和狗牙根）进行土壤石油污染修复试验。通过监测污染土壤中的TPH降解率、植物生长性状、土壤主要性质、土壤和植物氮同位素等特征指标，筛选出高效修复植物。利用红三叶草对污染浓度为3000mg/kg的渭河阶地粉质壤土进行修复，455天土壤中TPH降解率可达94.52%，较扁穗冰草、黑麦草和狗牙根分别高13.82%、18.28%和20.82%。从植物的生长性状分析扁穗冰草对石油污染胁迫的耐受性强，初期植物的株高和生物量均较其它三种植物大。对土壤脱氢酶活性和过氧化氢酶活性以及氧化还原电位分析结果表明红三叶草三种指标随修复时间增加增长率均高于其它三种植物。红三叶草和扁穗冰草可作为干旱和半干旱地区修复土壤石油污染植物修复的良好品种。
Arid and semi-arid area of China is rich in crude petroleum. The crude petroleum production andpetroleum processing capacity are on the rise year by year. However, because of the mining technology,management, accident and other reasons of mining crude oil, transportation and processing, it results in alarge number of petroleum and its products leaking to the soil and water environment. It caused seriouspollution to the fragile natural ecological environment. Because the climate of arid and semi-arid area is notsuitable for the microorganism, the bioremediation technology for soil pollution is very difficult toguarantee long-term effects. It needs to joint plants to achieve good effect.
In this study, the research methods combine in-situ testing and physical simulation test, the process ofphytoremediation for arid and semi-arid areas soil petroleum pollution are the main study objectives. Thekinetic processes of volatilation, adsorption, desorption, migration and degradation petroleum form the soilwere observed by experiments. The transportation and degradation characteristics of petroleumcontaminants were monitored in the soil-plant system. The degradation rate of total petroleum hydrocarbon,plant rhizosphere secretions, soil enzyme activity in the soil, plant ecological indicators, soil physicalchemical indicators, soil and plant nitrogen isotopes were monitored. The repairing effects of differentplants were studied. It was used gas chromatography-mass chromatography technology to revealphytoremediation rhizosphere secretions distribution characteristics. The microbial degradation ofpetroleum components and the process, rhizosphere repair mechanism were revealed. The methods ofphytoremediation for soil petroleum pollution were built and provided a scientific basis for the soilpetroleum pollution bioremediation.
The main conclusions are as following:
1. The petroleum pollutants behavioral characteristics in the soil and soil-plant system, the mainbehavior characteristics includes volatilation, adsorption, desorption, migration and microbial degradation.①the volatile behavior of petroleum pollutants in silty loam can use Elovich dynamics equation m=A+Blntor first-order kinetics equation m=m0e-ktto describe. High ambient temperature, high contents of coarsegrains and high petroleum concentration in the spetroleum were beneficial to petroleum componentsvolatilation from the spetroleum.②The adsorption behavior of petroleum pollutants in silty loam can useLagrange second-order dynamic equation dqt/dt=k2(qe-qt)2to describe. The equilibrium adsorption ofpetroleum pollutants in silt loam were mainly affected by the soil clay content. The equilibrium adsorptionis large of fine grain content of soil. The adsorption process of petroleum onto soil is exotherme and theadsorption reaction is a spontaneous process. The amounts of petroleum adsorption gradually slow down with the temperature increasing. The confusion degree was reduced in the adsorption process.③Thedesorption behavior of petroleum pollutants in silty loam can use the4-parameter biphasic first-orderkinetic to describe. The conclusion showed that fast constant rate of desorption was more than two ordersfor slow constant rate. Under the25°C, the silty loam in Weihe terrace，silty loam in loess tableland andsilty loam in northern Loess Plateau desorption rate for petroleum were43.08%,52.54%and34.60%respectively.④The natural degradation behavior of petroleum pollutants in silty loam can use thefirst-order kinetics equation Ct=C0exp（-kt）to describe. Under the different soil and different petroleumconcentration, the natural degradation rate constant and half life is different. In the silty loam in Weiheterrace3000mg/kg petroleum concentration, the maximum degradation rate constant is1.689d-1, theminimum half-life is410days. In the silty loam in loess tableland10000mg/kg petroleum, the minimumdegradation rate constant is0.984×10-3d-1, the maximum half-life is704days.⑤The migration Behavioralcharacteristic of petroleum contaminants in the soil-plant system: the petroleum contaminants all migratedbelow the90cm soil in the silty loam in Weihe terrace under three concentrations. The oil pollutants werenot penetrate80cm soil in the silty loam in northern Loess Plateau and silty loam in loess tableland under3000mg/kg concentration.The oil pollutants content of each layers in silty loam in northern Loess Plateauplanted with Trifolium repens Linn was more than ryegrass.⑥The TPH degradation rate of Trifoliumrepens Linn soil was highest among four test phytoremediation plant. The order degradation rate of theremaining three plants as follows Agropyron cristatum (L.), Gaertn, Lolium perenne L. andCynodondactylon Linn.Pers. The TPH degradation rate of soil in phytoremediation conditions was higherthan control for35-48%.
2、Study the plant rhizosphere secretions under the petroleum pollutio: The organic acid, total sugarand amino acid content in the rhizosphere soil of Trifolium repens Linn under3000mg/kg petroleumpollution were higher than the7000mg/kg and10000mg/kg petroleum pollution.. The contents of plantrhizosphere secretions under the above three pollution concentrations was more than the control.It wasindicated that the low petroleum concentration can promote producing the small molecule organic acid,total sugar and amino acid. It explains that the plants can make positive reaction under petroleum stress.
3、Rhizosphere petroleum degradation bacteria screening and degradation characteristics study: thestrains were isolated from the petroleum-contaminated soil which collected from Trifolium repens Linnrhizosphere for petroleum containment soil and with crude petroleum as sole carbon source.10highefficient petroleum-degrading strains were obtained by enriching, domestication and purification. The bestmicroflora was composed SL-1, SL-3, SL-7and SL-9by rescreening and orthogonal experiments. The four strains had the function of degradation straight chain alkane. The two strains had the function ofdegradation cycloalkanes. The strains were identified as Planomicrobium chinense (T), Micrococcus luteus,Bacillus cereus and Bacillus pumilus based on its morphology, Physiology and biochemistry characteristicsand sequence analysis by16SrDNA. The petroleum degrading capacity of four strains was analyzed byGC/MS. The results indicated that the petroleum degradation rate could reach90.50%after54d by mixedstrain, which was67.72%higher than the control. The relative contents of the normal alkanes,isomerization alkane and cycloparafin hydrocarbon are decreased with the biodegradation time prolonged.The relative contents of aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes and acids are increased.
4、Screen the plants to repair the petroleum-contaminated soil: Screen the plants to repair thepetroleum-contaminated soil: It was choosed four types of plants in arid and semi-arid area for repairing thepetroleum pollution soil.It was Trifolium repens Linn、Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn、Lolium perenne L、Cynodondactylon Linn.Pers.respectively. The Trifolium repens Linn and Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertnwere the first time to repairing the soil with petroleum pollution.Through the monitoring the TPHdegradation rate, plant growth index, soil main properties and soil plant nitrogen isotope, then screen outadvantage plants. Through the Trifolium repens Linn repaiing the3000mg/kg petroleum contamination inhigh organic matter silty loam, the TPH degradation rate was94.52%, it was higher than Agropyroncristatum (L.) Gaertn、Lolium perenne L and Cynodondactylon Linn.Pers respectively for13.82%、18.28%G and20.82%. From the growth traits, it can be concluded that the Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn hasstrong tolerance to petroleum pollution than the other three plants. The initial height and biomass ofAgropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn was more than others. Based on soil dehydrogenase activity and hydrogenperoxide enzyme activity and oxidation reduction potential analysis, it was showed that the growth rate ofthree kinds of index with Trifolium repens Linnthe was more than others. Trifolium repens Linn andAgropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn could be used to repairing petroleum-contaminated soil in arid andsemi-arid areas.
引文
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