热泵空调系统采暖的节能设计及节能运行研究
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摘要
大连友好大厦是位于大连市中心友好广场南侧的高层写字楼，总建筑面积46553平方米。由于其所处的地理位置不能新建锅炉房，冬季采暖方式上，采用集中供暖有困难。因此需要选择一种可替代集中供热的采暖方式。此种采暖方式不仅要满足大连冬季正常采暖温度要求，还要满足节能、环保要求。
本文针对友好大厦项目，就VRV热泵空调系统冬季采暖的可行性、系统节能设计、运行能耗等方面进行了理论分析及现场测试研究。主要研究内容包括：
(1) 针对大连地区的气温状况，就VRV空调系统的系统构成方式、温控特性、压缩机运行方式、运转范围以及低温工况机组效率进行分析论证，论证结果表明大连地区冬季采用VRV热泵空调采暖在技术上是完全可行的。
(2) 按照国家关于北方地区冬季采暖设计的要求，进行了采暖负荷计算。根据负荷计算值，参照VRV机组本身技术参数，综合考虑影响VRV机组效率的各种因素，对本大厦进行了节能系统设计。
(3) 通过现场VRV机组实际运行测试，着重研究了VRV热泵空调系统制热运行的实际工况及影响因素。检验VRV热泵空调系统冬季采暖的可行性及节能性。测试结果表明，大连冬季供暖采用VRV热泵空调系统，在技术上是完全可行的，在运行上是节能的。
(4) 对VRV热泵空调系统采暖的经济性进行了分析比较。通过采暖费用与VRV热泵空调系统运行费用计算及比较可知，采用VRV热泵空调采暖在保证冬季室内温度+18℃条件下，每年可节省近74万元，经济效益十分明显。同时由于VRV系统使用电力对于保护环境、节约能源等方面也将产生巨大的社会效益。
The Dalian Youhao mansion is.a high office-building which is located in the south of the Dalian Youhao square and its total building area is 46553 square meters. Because of its geography location, new boiler house can't be placed. There are difficulties if central heating system is used. So a new heating method which can not only satisfy the heating temperature demands of Dalian winter but also satisfy the requests of energy saving and environmental protection should be chosed to replace the central heating system.
In this paper, aimed at Dalian Youhao mansion, theoretic analysis and spot testing studing about the adopt possibility .system energy-saving design and operating energy- using of VRV heat pump air condition system are discussed. The main studing contents include:
(1)The VRV heat pump air condition system's system structure, temperature-control characters, operating way and operating range of compressor and system efficiency of low temperature woking condition are analyzed and demonstrated. The results note that the adoption of VRV heat pump air condition system in Dalian region is completely viable in technique.
(2)According to the national request of northern winter heating design, heating load is calculated in this paper. Based on the load calculating worth, the VRV unit technique parameter and the influencing factors of system efficiency, a energy-saving design project is put forward.
(3)By way of the spot testing for the unit actual operating condition, the emphases of this paper are the actual heating work condition and effecting factors of the VRV heat pump air condition system. The check of the operating and enery-saving possibility of the VRV heat pump air condition system in winter heating are also the emphasis. Testing results indicate that this heating system is feasible and energy-saving.
(4) The paper compares the economical efficiency of the VRV heat pump air condition system to the traditional heating systems. Form the results , nearly 740, 000 yuan can be saved when this system is be used to maintain 18癈 indoors every year. At the same time, by the use of electricity, this system can also produce great social benefits to the enviorment protection and energy conservation.
本文针对友好大厦项目，就VRV热泵空调系统冬季采暖的可行性、系统节能设计、运行能耗等方面进行了理论分析及现场测试研究。主要研究内容包括：
(1) 针对大连地区的气温状况，就VRV空调系统的系统构成方式、温控特性、压缩机运行方式、运转范围以及低温工况机组效率进行分析论证，论证结果表明大连地区冬季采用VRV热泵空调采暖在技术上是完全可行的。
(2) 按照国家关于北方地区冬季采暖设计的要求，进行了采暖负荷计算。根据负荷计算值，参照VRV机组本身技术参数，综合考虑影响VRV机组效率的各种因素，对本大厦进行了节能系统设计。
(3) 通过现场VRV机组实际运行测试，着重研究了VRV热泵空调系统制热运行的实际工况及影响因素。检验VRV热泵空调系统冬季采暖的可行性及节能性。测试结果表明，大连冬季供暖采用VRV热泵空调系统，在技术上是完全可行的，在运行上是节能的。
(4) 对VRV热泵空调系统采暖的经济性进行了分析比较。通过采暖费用与VRV热泵空调系统运行费用计算及比较可知，采用VRV热泵空调采暖在保证冬季室内温度+18℃条件下，每年可节省近74万元，经济效益十分明显。同时由于VRV系统使用电力对于保护环境、节约能源等方面也将产生巨大的社会效益。
The Dalian Youhao mansion is.a high office-building which is located in the south of the Dalian Youhao square and its total building area is 46553 square meters. Because of its geography location, new boiler house can't be placed. There are difficulties if central heating system is used. So a new heating method which can not only satisfy the heating temperature demands of Dalian winter but also satisfy the requests of energy saving and environmental protection should be chosed to replace the central heating system.
In this paper, aimed at Dalian Youhao mansion, theoretic analysis and spot testing studing about the adopt possibility .system energy-saving design and operating energy- using of VRV heat pump air condition system are discussed. The main studing contents include:
(1)The VRV heat pump air condition system's system structure, temperature-control characters, operating way and operating range of compressor and system efficiency of low temperature woking condition are analyzed and demonstrated. The results note that the adoption of VRV heat pump air condition system in Dalian region is completely viable in technique.
(2)According to the national request of northern winter heating design, heating load is calculated in this paper. Based on the load calculating worth, the VRV unit technique parameter and the influencing factors of system efficiency, a energy-saving design project is put forward.
(3)By way of the spot testing for the unit actual operating condition, the emphases of this paper are the actual heating work condition and effecting factors of the VRV heat pump air condition system. The check of the operating and enery-saving possibility of the VRV heat pump air condition system in winter heating are also the emphasis. Testing results indicate that this heating system is feasible and energy-saving.
(4) The paper compares the economical efficiency of the VRV heat pump air condition system to the traditional heating systems. Form the results , nearly 740, 000 yuan can be saved when this system is be used to maintain 18癈 indoors every year. At the same time, by the use of electricity, this system can also produce great social benefits to the enviorment protection and energy conservation.
引文
[1] 铁海燕．热泵式空调机组在空调客车上应用的可行性分析．铁道车辆．2000，第38卷(第6期)
[2] 涩谷康雄．大型冷暖同时——————，三菱电机技报，vol．65，No5，1991．
[3] 陆耀庆．实用供热空调设计手册．中国建筑工业出版社．
[4] 邵双全，石文星，李先庭．多元变频VRV空调．制冷与空调，Vol．3，No．2，April 2003．
[5] Dakin VRV技术资料．大金工业株式会社，PCVCN0328A．
[6] 张永铨，巨永平．变频控制的VRV空调系统．暖通空调，1994，24(3)
[7] 刘传聚，VRV空调技术及其应用讲义．同济大学，1998．
[8] 沈维道，蒋智敏，董均耕．工程热力学．高等教育出版社．2001
[9] 郑贤德．制冷原理与装置．机械工业出版社．2001
[10] 陈光明，陈国邦．制冷于低温原理．机械工业出版社．2000
[11] 《制冷工程设计手册》编写组．制冷工程设计手册．中国建筑工业出版社．1978
[12] F. Moscr and H. Schnitzcr. Heat pumps in industry. Science pubishers B. V. 1985
[13] H．基恩A．哈登费尔特．热泵-第二卷电动热泵的应用．机械工业出版社．1987
[14] 郭庆堂，吴进发．实用制冷工程设计手册．中国建筑工业出版社．1994
[15] 动力工程师手册编辑委员会．动力工程师手册．机械工业出版社．1999
[16] D. A. Rcay and D.B.A. Macmichacl. Heat pumps: Design and Application. International Research and Development Co. Ltd. Newcastle-upon-tyne. 1979
[17] 林毅．无公害制冷设备选用手册．中国石油化工工业出版社．1995
[18] 中国科协会工作部．能源前景与节能新技术．学术期刊出版社．1998
[19] 刘宝家，李素梅．节约能源1000例．科学技术文献出版社．第一版，北京．1985
[20] 郁永章．热泵原理与应用．西安交通大学．机械工业出版社
[2] 涩谷康雄．大型冷暖同时——————，三菱电机技报，vol．65，No5，1991．
[3] 陆耀庆．实用供热空调设计手册．中国建筑工业出版社．
[4] 邵双全，石文星，李先庭．多元变频VRV空调．制冷与空调，Vol．3，No．2，April 2003．
[5] Dakin VRV技术资料．大金工业株式会社，PCVCN0328A．
[6] 张永铨，巨永平．变频控制的VRV空调系统．暖通空调，1994，24(3)
[7] 刘传聚，VRV空调技术及其应用讲义．同济大学，1998．
[8] 沈维道，蒋智敏，董均耕．工程热力学．高等教育出版社．2001
[9] 郑贤德．制冷原理与装置．机械工业出版社．2001
[10] 陈光明，陈国邦．制冷于低温原理．机械工业出版社．2000
[11] 《制冷工程设计手册》编写组．制冷工程设计手册．中国建筑工业出版社．1978
[12] F. Moscr and H. Schnitzcr. Heat pumps in industry. Science pubishers B. V. 1985
[13] H．基恩A．哈登费尔特．热泵-第二卷电动热泵的应用．机械工业出版社．1987
[14] 郭庆堂，吴进发．实用制冷工程设计手册．中国建筑工业出版社．1994
[15] 动力工程师手册编辑委员会．动力工程师手册．机械工业出版社．1999
[16] D. A. Rcay and D.B.A. Macmichacl. Heat pumps: Design and Application. International Research and Development Co. Ltd. Newcastle-upon-tyne. 1979
[17] 林毅．无公害制冷设备选用手册．中国石油化工工业出版社．1995
[18] 中国科协会工作部．能源前景与节能新技术．学术期刊出版社．1998
[19] 刘宝家，李素梅．节约能源1000例．科学技术文献出版社．第一版，北京．1985
[20] 郁永章．热泵原理与应用．西安交通大学．机械工业出版社