黄麦岭磷矿露天转地下开采安全平稳接替技术研究
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摘要
随着浅部资源的逐渐耗竭,许多露天矿山正在或即将转入地下开采。露天转地下开采的矿山,面临许多重大技术问题需要解决,以实现露天开采平稳地过渡到地下开采,使矿山产量和经济效益保持稳定。本文针对黄麦岭磷化工集团公司开采技术条件,通过现场调研、室内试验、理论分析、数值模拟、方案设计等综合手段,对矿山露天转地下的一些关键技术问题进行了深入分析、研究,取得了如下研究成果：
(1)通过对露天转地下岩石力学参数进行试验并进行工程折减,得出了满足数值模拟计算需要的工程岩体力学参数,为安全隔离层厚度的确定、采场结构参数的优化提供了基础资料。
(2)利用综合公式法及数值分析法,确定露天坑坑底标高+5m以上矿体留设为永久隔离层。
(3)通过多方案比较,确定地下采用王家山竖井开拓系统方案,并对矿井防排水、通风等影响露天转地下顺利进行的主要系统进行了设计,估算出整个开拓系统投资为37758.94万元。
(4)基于模糊数学原理,确定地下开采选用上向水平分层充填法。该方法具有机械化水平高、生产能力大、矿石损失、贫化率低等优点,且能较好的保护露天坑、地表主要构筑物,如选厂、公路、废石场等,能够较好的保证露天转地下开采安全平稳接替。
通过对露天转地下开采安全平稳接替关键技术的研究与开发,解决露天与地下联合开采带来的特殊技术问题。研究成果不仅为依托矿山稳产过渡,实现可持续发展通过了重要保障,而且可为类似矿山提供有益的借鉴。
As shallow resources depleted, many open-pit mine are or will be underground mining, which faces many important technical problems that need to be solved urgently. It will be important to smooth transition of open-air to underground mining and stability of mining yield and economic benefit. Aiming at the mining technical conditions of HuangMaiLing Phosphorous Chemical Industry Group Company, and some methods such as field investigation, laboratory test, theoretical analysis, numerical simulations and program design have been used, and some key technologies of open-pit to underground have been also analyzed and researched deeply. Research results have obtained as follows:
(1) Through testing and redacting mechanics parameters of open-are to underground rock, this paper obtains reasonable numerical simulation parameters, which provides base material for the determination of safety isolation layer thickness and stope structure parameters;
(2) By using of comprehensive formula method and numerical analysis, conclusion that ore bodies in+5m above from den elevation is permanent confinement tiberium spikes in HuangMaiLing phosphate open-air pithas has been made;
(3) Through comparing some suitable exploit system solutions, WangGuShan shaft exploit system solution is finally adopted. The paper has also researched and designed several main exploit systems, such as mine pit waterproof and drainage, ventilation systems affect open-are to underground mining smoothly. Through investment estimate to the whole system, the final investment amount of this system is firmed, which is 377,589,400 yuan.
(4) Based on the fuzzy mathematics theory, and optimizing a variety of suitable for mine mining methods, horizontal stratified filling method has been finally chose as the subject of mine mining method. This method has many advantages, such as high mechanization level, great capacity of production, ore loss and dilution ratio, these make it protect open pit, surface main structures well, such as the mill, highway, waste stone field, etc. Moreover, it can also ensure open-are to underground mining alternate safely and smoothly.
Through the research and improvement to the key technology of open-are to underground mining in replacing safely and smoothly, this article solved the special joint technical problems which are brought by open-air and underground mining. This result of the study can not only offer important guarantee for mining stable transition and realize sustainable development, but also provide the beneficial reference to other similar mines.
(1)通过对露天转地下岩石力学参数进行试验并进行工程折减,得出了满足数值模拟计算需要的工程岩体力学参数,为安全隔离层厚度的确定、采场结构参数的优化提供了基础资料。
(2)利用综合公式法及数值分析法,确定露天坑坑底标高+5m以上矿体留设为永久隔离层。
(3)通过多方案比较,确定地下采用王家山竖井开拓系统方案,并对矿井防排水、通风等影响露天转地下顺利进行的主要系统进行了设计,估算出整个开拓系统投资为37758.94万元。
(4)基于模糊数学原理,确定地下开采选用上向水平分层充填法。该方法具有机械化水平高、生产能力大、矿石损失、贫化率低等优点,且能较好的保护露天坑、地表主要构筑物,如选厂、公路、废石场等,能够较好的保证露天转地下开采安全平稳接替。
通过对露天转地下开采安全平稳接替关键技术的研究与开发,解决露天与地下联合开采带来的特殊技术问题。研究成果不仅为依托矿山稳产过渡,实现可持续发展通过了重要保障,而且可为类似矿山提供有益的借鉴。
As shallow resources depleted, many open-pit mine are or will be underground mining, which faces many important technical problems that need to be solved urgently. It will be important to smooth transition of open-air to underground mining and stability of mining yield and economic benefit. Aiming at the mining technical conditions of HuangMaiLing Phosphorous Chemical Industry Group Company, and some methods such as field investigation, laboratory test, theoretical analysis, numerical simulations and program design have been used, and some key technologies of open-pit to underground have been also analyzed and researched deeply. Research results have obtained as follows:
(1) Through testing and redacting mechanics parameters of open-are to underground rock, this paper obtains reasonable numerical simulation parameters, which provides base material for the determination of safety isolation layer thickness and stope structure parameters;
(2) By using of comprehensive formula method and numerical analysis, conclusion that ore bodies in+5m above from den elevation is permanent confinement tiberium spikes in HuangMaiLing phosphate open-air pithas has been made;
(3) Through comparing some suitable exploit system solutions, WangGuShan shaft exploit system solution is finally adopted. The paper has also researched and designed several main exploit systems, such as mine pit waterproof and drainage, ventilation systems affect open-are to underground mining smoothly. Through investment estimate to the whole system, the final investment amount of this system is firmed, which is 377,589,400 yuan.
(4) Based on the fuzzy mathematics theory, and optimizing a variety of suitable for mine mining methods, horizontal stratified filling method has been finally chose as the subject of mine mining method. This method has many advantages, such as high mechanization level, great capacity of production, ore loss and dilution ratio, these make it protect open pit, surface main structures well, such as the mill, highway, waste stone field, etc. Moreover, it can also ensure open-are to underground mining alternate safely and smoothly.
Through the research and improvement to the key technology of open-are to underground mining in replacing safely and smoothly, this article solved the special joint technical problems which are brought by open-air and underground mining. This result of the study can not only offer important guarantee for mining stable transition and realize sustainable development, but also provide the beneficial reference to other similar mines.
引文
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[4]齐金铎.论露天转地下开采底矿柱高度和过渡期限的确定[J].黑色金属矿山通讯,1995,1：9-11.
[5]《采矿手册》编辑委员会.采矿手册.北京,冶金工业出版社,1988：601-602.
[6]王安则.露天转地下开采的井下防洪问题[J].冶金矿山设计与建设,1994,2：6-9.
[7]郭金峰.金属矿山露天转地下开采的发展现状与对策[J].云南冶金,2003,32(1)：(7-10).
[8]张永彬,赵兴东,杨天鸿等.用数值模拟方法确定露天转地下境界矿柱厚度[J].矿业工程,2003,4(1)：25-28.
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[10]汪勇.采空区上方安全顶柱厚度的确定方法[J].矿业快报,2002,379(1).
[11]杨福海,李富平.露天转地下开采的若干特殊技术问题[J].河北冶金,1994,3：1-4.
[12]江军胜.获各琦铜矿露天转地下开采开拓系统选择研究[硕士学位论文].长沙,中南大学,2005.
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[15]朱天平.白银有色金属公司深部铜矿采矿方法[J].有色金属,2004,56(1)：90-107.
[16]沈刚,龚浩源.崩落采矿法在铜山铜矿的应用[J].采矿技术,5(1)：6-7.
[17]李斯基.露天转地下开采不停产过渡的探讨[J].冶金设计与建设,1999,31(5)：3-8.
[18]梁学映.露天转地下联合开采技术探讨[J].中国锰业,2006,24(4)：42-45.
[19]杨福军,高海川.露天转地下过渡期技术问题的研究与实践[J].金属矿山,2006,356(2)：18-21.
[20]巫德斌.层状岩体边坡工程力学参数研究[博士学位论文].江苏,河海大学,2000.
[21]张平,尹建军,杨存龙等.H-B准则及其在某公路隧洞支护设计中的应用[J].中国公路工程,31(6)：61-84.
[22]薛守义,刘汉东.岩体工程学科性质透视[M].郑州：黄河水利出版社,,2002.
[23]Hoek E.Brown E T.Empirical strength criterion[J] Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division,ASCE,1980,106(GT9):1013～1035.
[24]Hoek E,Brown E T.Practical estimates of rock mass strength[J].Int J Rock Mech Min Sci,1997,34(8):1165～1186.
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