基于ERP的企业计划流管理信息系统开发与BOM技术的研究
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摘要
“信息化带动工业化”――使国民经济信息化被提到了前所未有的高度、深度和广度。企业资源计划（Enterprise Resource Planning，简称ERP）体现了当今世界上最先进的企业管理理论，并提供了企业信息化集成的最佳方案。它将企业的物流、资金流和信息流统一起来进行管理，对企业所拥有的人力、资金、材料、设备、生产技术、信息和时间等各项资源进行平衡和充分考虑，制定计划，最大限度地利用现有资源为企业谋得利益。随着经济全球化和信息技术的迅速发展，如何制定一个有效的计划？如何反映该计划是否可行？如何判断该计划是否被正确地执行？这些问题成为困扰企业信息化的关键。
本文以重庆市制造业信息化重大专项子项目“重庆青山工业有限责任公司CAD/CIMS一期工程”为研究对象,从企业信息系统规划的高度,提出了重庆青山工业公司CAD/CIMS一期工程的总体规划.通过对ERP管理思想和计划流管理思想的研究,并结合企业的实际情况,提出了基于ERP的信息流管理信息系统的体系结构,包括功能结构、软件体系结构以及系统网络结构.在开发策略上,通过对软件工程、数据库技术及应用软件开发技术的分析，选择了基于模型的计划流管理信息系统开发方法.本文在总结企业计划流系统需求分析的基础上,结合模型开发方法,分析并设计了计划流管理信息系统的各个功能子系统的过程模型、数据逻辑模型、数据概念模型以及用户界面。本文重点研究了BOM技术的研究现状，提出了基于关系型数据库的BOM的分析、设计和优化策略；并且对BOM的常用遍历算法进行分析后对其进行改进；将DAG图运用到BOM技术上对BOM的循环嵌套错误检查的算法和低层码的算法进行改进。详细说明了算法的思想，并在软件中得到了实现。实际运用结果表明，该改进算法的速度快、占用资源少，这些算法在BOM技术上的应用效果好。
“Information bring along industrialisation” -- With the rapid development of the economic globalization and information technology, Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) has embodied the most advanced enterprise management theory today and provided better methods for enterprise information integration. ERP integrates the materials flow, capital flow and information flow of a whole enterprise, and then can balance all kinds of recourses in the enterprise such as people, money, materials equipments, production technology, information, time and so on, to schedule fit plans and make further use of these recourse in existence to maximize the global utility of a enterprise. With the rapid development of the economic globalization and information technology,the questions that how to schedule an effective plan, how to evaluate the feasibility of some plan and how to judge whether the plan has been executed rightly, become the crux to obstruct enterprise information。
This work is based on the sub-project of Chongqing Manufacturing Major Project: First Phase CAD/CIMS of Chongqing Qingshan Industrial Ltd. Firstly, this paper brings forward a whole layout of Chongqinh Qingshan CAD/CIMS for enterprise information systems. Then, based on the research on ERP management strategy and plan flow methods and linking with enterprise practice, the systems structure of ERP-based information flow management information systems is also proposed, which includes function structure, software architecture and system network structure. Through analyzing the software engineering, database technique and applied software development technique, the method of model-based plan flow management information systems is chosen to exploit the systems software. This paper analyzes and designs the process model, data logic model, data concept model and user interface of every sub-system of plan flow management information systems after the demand analysis of enterprise plan flow systems. The historical development of BOM technique is reviewed from theory and practice, and the analysis, design and optimization strategy of relational database based BOM are presented. In the flowing section, the paper analyzes traditional BOM search algorithms and proposes some optimization algorithms, and then, through applying DAG to BOM technique, the BOM cyclic nesting error check algorithms and low-lever code algorithms are improved as well. At last, the production BOM multi-view mapping technique based single data source is also discussed.The software thoughts and implement of these
algorithms in the paper is introduced in detail, and the results show that these algorithms that have rapider response speed and dominate lesser systems resource are feasible and effective.
本文以重庆市制造业信息化重大专项子项目“重庆青山工业有限责任公司CAD/CIMS一期工程”为研究对象,从企业信息系统规划的高度,提出了重庆青山工业公司CAD/CIMS一期工程的总体规划.通过对ERP管理思想和计划流管理思想的研究,并结合企业的实际情况,提出了基于ERP的信息流管理信息系统的体系结构,包括功能结构、软件体系结构以及系统网络结构.在开发策略上,通过对软件工程、数据库技术及应用软件开发技术的分析，选择了基于模型的计划流管理信息系统开发方法.本文在总结企业计划流系统需求分析的基础上,结合模型开发方法,分析并设计了计划流管理信息系统的各个功能子系统的过程模型、数据逻辑模型、数据概念模型以及用户界面。本文重点研究了BOM技术的研究现状，提出了基于关系型数据库的BOM的分析、设计和优化策略；并且对BOM的常用遍历算法进行分析后对其进行改进；将DAG图运用到BOM技术上对BOM的循环嵌套错误检查的算法和低层码的算法进行改进。详细说明了算法的思想，并在软件中得到了实现。实际运用结果表明，该改进算法的速度快、占用资源少，这些算法在BOM技术上的应用效果好。
“Information bring along industrialisation” -- With the rapid development of the economic globalization and information technology, Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) has embodied the most advanced enterprise management theory today and provided better methods for enterprise information integration. ERP integrates the materials flow, capital flow and information flow of a whole enterprise, and then can balance all kinds of recourses in the enterprise such as people, money, materials equipments, production technology, information, time and so on, to schedule fit plans and make further use of these recourse in existence to maximize the global utility of a enterprise. With the rapid development of the economic globalization and information technology,the questions that how to schedule an effective plan, how to evaluate the feasibility of some plan and how to judge whether the plan has been executed rightly, become the crux to obstruct enterprise information。
This work is based on the sub-project of Chongqing Manufacturing Major Project: First Phase CAD/CIMS of Chongqing Qingshan Industrial Ltd. Firstly, this paper brings forward a whole layout of Chongqinh Qingshan CAD/CIMS for enterprise information systems. Then, based on the research on ERP management strategy and plan flow methods and linking with enterprise practice, the systems structure of ERP-based information flow management information systems is also proposed, which includes function structure, software architecture and system network structure. Through analyzing the software engineering, database technique and applied software development technique, the method of model-based plan flow management information systems is chosen to exploit the systems software. This paper analyzes and designs the process model, data logic model, data concept model and user interface of every sub-system of plan flow management information systems after the demand analysis of enterprise plan flow systems. The historical development of BOM technique is reviewed from theory and practice, and the analysis, design and optimization strategy of relational database based BOM are presented. In the flowing section, the paper analyzes traditional BOM search algorithms and proposes some optimization algorithms, and then, through applying DAG to BOM technique, the BOM cyclic nesting error check algorithms and low-lever code algorithms are improved as well. At last, the production BOM multi-view mapping technique based single data source is also discussed.The software thoughts and implement of these
algorithms in the paper is introduced in detail, and the results show that these algorithms that have rapider response speed and dominate lesser systems resource are feasible and effective.
引文
[1] 严隽琪. 制造系统信息集成技术.上海.上海交通大学出版社.2001.
[2] AMT ERP研究小组. ERP初阶系列. http：//www.amteam.org
[3] ERP原理、设计与实施[M].北京：电子工业出版社，2002.
[4] 陈启申. MRPII制造资源计划概论. 北京. 北京农业大学出版社. 1995
[5] 温咏棠. MRPII制造资源计划系统. 北京. 机械工业出版社. 1994
[6] 施志帅. 用物流管理提升制造企业的竞争力.[J] 商业研究，2002，01：49~50
[7] 付勇.物流管理.变革ERP， http：//www.ccw.com.cn
[8] 许多顶. 制造业中物流管理问题研究. [J] 经济师，2002，03：11~13
[9] DJBowersox， DJCloss. Logistical Management[Ｍ].NewYork ：McGraw Hill，1999.
[10] 李伯虎. CIMS的实践谈谈对我国MRPⅡ/ERP应用和产业发展的认识. http：//www.chinabbc.com.cn
[11]李向阳，徐晓飞，王英伟，乔立民. 我国企业应用制造资源计划的调查统计分析.[J] 计算机集成制造系统.1999.5(6).62-66
[12] 王玉荣，孔祥云. 我国实施企业资源管理系统的回顾、现状与展望 .http：//www.amteam.org
[13] 朱冠舟. 中国ERP市场回顾与展望. http：//www.amteam.org
[14]?陈兵兵.MRP-Ⅱ/ERP发展的回顾与思考. http：//www.amteam.org
[15]中国国家企业网.全国企业信息化建设现状调查报告,2002
[16]孔祥云，孟凡强. IT规划.[J] IT经理世界.2002(12).66-68
[17]邹晓泉. 企业的信息结构. http：//www.amteam.org
[18]彭雁虹，李怀祖. 信息系统体系结构的总体框架. [J]系统工程理论与实践，1998.08：1~5
[19]陈军安，黄金国. 基于多Ａｇｅｎｔ技术的物流管理系统模型研究.[J] 华中科技大学学报.2002.30(04)：32~34
[20]张晓萍，颜永年，刘文惶. CIMS系统特点及物流关键技术.[J]物流技术及应用. 2000.03：35~39
[21]李波，邬学礼，杨建军. 面向CIMS的物流管理系统. [J] 制造业自动化. 2000.22(11)：43~45
[22]吴洪庆，段成华. 一种物流信息系统体系结构的探讨.[J] 计算机应用研究.2002.01：8~11
[23]软件工程专家网. 三层C/S结构及其应用开发
[24]林颖贤，林大滨. 多层分布式结构技术在企业物资管理信息系统中的应用. 软件世界.2001(4).73-75
[25]青山项目组. 公司物流改造方案书
[26]郑人杰、殷人昆、陶永雷、朱冰. 使用软件工程. 北京. 清华大学出版社. 2001
[27]张海藩. 软件工程导论. 北京. 清华大学出版社.2001
[28] Cbatini，Sceri，SRNavathe. Conceptual Database Design.RedwoodCity，CA：Benjamin/Cummings，1992.
[29] 吴洪庆，段成华，杨恺琪. 基于模型的物流信息系统设计方法. [J] 计算机应用研究.2002.02：42~45
[30] 姜旭平.信息系统开发方法[Ｍ].北京：清华大学出版社，1996.
[31] [美]TDate.数据库系统[Ｍ].罗晓沛，等.北京：科学出版社，1980.
[32] 熊锐，吴澄. 车间生产调度问题的技术现状与发展趋势.[J]清华大学学报. 1998.38(10)：55~60
[33] GravesSC. A review of production scheduling[J]. Operations Research，1981，29(4)：646～675
[34]LawlerEL，LenstraJK .Sequencing and scheduling ：algorithms and complexity. Operations Research and Management Science，4
[35]FooY S ，Takefuji Y. Stochastic neural networks for solving job-shop scheduling： part1. Problem representation, Stochastic neural networks for solving job-shop scheduling: Part2. Architecture and simulations. In: IEEE Int Confon NNS，SanDiego，1998
[36]FooYS，TakefujiY . Integer linear programming neural networks for job-shop scheduling.In：IEEE Int Confon NNS，SanDiego，1988
[37] Holsapple C W， Varghese S J，Ramakrishnan P，etal. Agenetics-based hybrid scheduler for generating static schedules in flexible manufacturing contexts. IEEE Trans on Systems man and Cybernetics，1993，23(4)：953～972
[38]Lee C Y，Kim S J. Parallel genetic algorithms for the earliness-tardiness job scheduling problem with general penalty weights.Comput IndusEngng，1995，28(3)：231～243
[39] http://imd.863cims.net/Technology/sw/ztgs_1.htm
[40] http://imd.863cims.net/Technology/sw/ztgs_2.htm
[41] http://imd.863cims.net/Technology/sw/ztgs_3.htm
[42] http://imd.863cims.net/Technology/sw/ztgs_4.htm
[43] Victor Bignell, etc. Manufacturing System:contest. Applications and Techniques. Basil Blackwell Ind. 1985
[44] 汪定伟. MRP-II与JIT结合的生产管理方法.北京.科学出版社.1996
[45] 唐立新、常家忠、许之磬等.CIMS环境下的 MRP-II主生产计划系统的研究和开发.计算机集成制造系统－CIMS.1995.1（2）15－19
[46] Cincvnatr,chio.Capacity management.South-Westen.Pub.Co.1986
[47] 曹礼廉，李芳芸.面向对象BOM建模与设计.信息与控制学报.2003.23（5）.315－320
[48] 杜杰，陆金桂.一种改进的多级型BOM遍历算法.计算机应用.2002.20（9）.65－67
[49] 倪丽，秦鹏飞，胡庆夕. 企业BOM的集成管理.暨南大学学报.2002.24（6）.26－29
[50] 王虎.企业物料需求系统中BOM的设计.武汉工业大学学报.2000.22（8）.139－142
[2] AMT ERP研究小组. ERP初阶系列. http：//www.amteam.org
[3] ERP原理、设计与实施[M].北京：电子工业出版社，2002.
[4] 陈启申. MRPII制造资源计划概论. 北京. 北京农业大学出版社. 1995
[5] 温咏棠. MRPII制造资源计划系统. 北京. 机械工业出版社. 1994
[6] 施志帅. 用物流管理提升制造企业的竞争力.[J] 商业研究，2002，01：49~50
[7] 付勇.物流管理.变革ERP， http：//www.ccw.com.cn
[8] 许多顶. 制造业中物流管理问题研究. [J] 经济师，2002，03：11~13
[9] DJBowersox， DJCloss. Logistical Management[Ｍ].NewYork ：McGraw Hill，1999.
[10] 李伯虎. CIMS的实践谈谈对我国MRPⅡ/ERP应用和产业发展的认识. http：//www.chinabbc.com.cn
[11]李向阳，徐晓飞，王英伟，乔立民. 我国企业应用制造资源计划的调查统计分析.[J] 计算机集成制造系统.1999.5(6).62-66
[12] 王玉荣，孔祥云. 我国实施企业资源管理系统的回顾、现状与展望 .http：//www.amteam.org
[13] 朱冠舟. 中国ERP市场回顾与展望. http：//www.amteam.org
[14]?陈兵兵.MRP-Ⅱ/ERP发展的回顾与思考. http：//www.amteam.org
[15]中国国家企业网.全国企业信息化建设现状调查报告,2002
[16]孔祥云，孟凡强. IT规划.[J] IT经理世界.2002(12).66-68
[17]邹晓泉. 企业的信息结构. http：//www.amteam.org
[18]彭雁虹，李怀祖. 信息系统体系结构的总体框架. [J]系统工程理论与实践，1998.08：1~5
[19]陈军安，黄金国. 基于多Ａｇｅｎｔ技术的物流管理系统模型研究.[J] 华中科技大学学报.2002.30(04)：32~34
[20]张晓萍，颜永年，刘文惶. CIMS系统特点及物流关键技术.[J]物流技术及应用. 2000.03：35~39
[21]李波，邬学礼，杨建军. 面向CIMS的物流管理系统. [J] 制造业自动化. 2000.22(11)：43~45
[22]吴洪庆，段成华. 一种物流信息系统体系结构的探讨.[J] 计算机应用研究.2002.01：8~11
[23]软件工程专家网. 三层C/S结构及其应用开发
[24]林颖贤，林大滨. 多层分布式结构技术在企业物资管理信息系统中的应用. 软件世界.2001(4).73-75
[25]青山项目组. 公司物流改造方案书
[26]郑人杰、殷人昆、陶永雷、朱冰. 使用软件工程. 北京. 清华大学出版社. 2001
[27]张海藩. 软件工程导论. 北京. 清华大学出版社.2001
[28] Cbatini，Sceri，SRNavathe. Conceptual Database Design.RedwoodCity，CA：Benjamin/Cummings，1992.
[29] 吴洪庆，段成华，杨恺琪. 基于模型的物流信息系统设计方法. [J] 计算机应用研究.2002.02：42~45
[30] 姜旭平.信息系统开发方法[Ｍ].北京：清华大学出版社，1996.
[31] [美]TDate.数据库系统[Ｍ].罗晓沛，等.北京：科学出版社，1980.
[32] 熊锐，吴澄. 车间生产调度问题的技术现状与发展趋势.[J]清华大学学报. 1998.38(10)：55~60
[33] GravesSC. A review of production scheduling[J]. Operations Research，1981，29(4)：646～675
[34]LawlerEL，LenstraJK .Sequencing and scheduling ：algorithms and complexity. Operations Research and Management Science，4
[35]FooY S ，Takefuji Y. Stochastic neural networks for solving job-shop scheduling： part1. Problem representation, Stochastic neural networks for solving job-shop scheduling: Part2. Architecture and simulations. In: IEEE Int Confon NNS，SanDiego，1998
[36]FooYS，TakefujiY . Integer linear programming neural networks for job-shop scheduling.In：IEEE Int Confon NNS，SanDiego，1988
[37] Holsapple C W， Varghese S J，Ramakrishnan P，etal. Agenetics-based hybrid scheduler for generating static schedules in flexible manufacturing contexts. IEEE Trans on Systems man and Cybernetics，1993，23(4)：953～972
[38]Lee C Y，Kim S J. Parallel genetic algorithms for the earliness-tardiness job scheduling problem with general penalty weights.Comput IndusEngng，1995，28(3)：231～243
[39] http://imd.863cims.net/Technology/sw/ztgs_1.htm
[40] http://imd.863cims.net/Technology/sw/ztgs_2.htm
[41] http://imd.863cims.net/Technology/sw/ztgs_3.htm
[42] http://imd.863cims.net/Technology/sw/ztgs_4.htm
[43] Victor Bignell, etc. Manufacturing System:contest. Applications and Techniques. Basil Blackwell Ind. 1985
[44] 汪定伟. MRP-II与JIT结合的生产管理方法.北京.科学出版社.1996
[45] 唐立新、常家忠、许之磬等.CIMS环境下的 MRP-II主生产计划系统的研究和开发.计算机集成制造系统－CIMS.1995.1（2）15－19
[46] Cincvnatr,chio.Capacity management.South-Westen.Pub.Co.1986
[47] 曹礼廉，李芳芸.面向对象BOM建模与设计.信息与控制学报.2003.23（5）.315－320
[48] 杜杰，陆金桂.一种改进的多级型BOM遍历算法.计算机应用.2002.20（9）.65－67
[49] 倪丽，秦鹏飞，胡庆夕. 企业BOM的集成管理.暨南大学学报.2002.24（6）.26－29
[50] 王虎.企业物料需求系统中BOM的设计.武汉工业大学学报.2000.22（8）.139－142