城市知识竞争力决定因素评价的理论与方法研究
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摘要
随着以信息技术为标志的知识经济时代的来临,知识成为决定组织竞争优势和促进经济增长的关键因素。将知识作为一种独立的生产要素进行投入并参与价值分配,已经成为一种管理趋势并在理论界得以证明。知识经济时代之所以不同于农业时代和工业时代,是因为知识经济是以知识为基础的经济,知识的地位和作用发生了根本性变化。传统的实体生产要素诸如土地、劳动力、资本等已经退居成为次要的生产要素,知识因为其边应递增效应而成为第一生产要素。知识渗透在高科技产品之中,体现在能够掌握、运用与发展高科技的人才身上。各种人的因素、智力因素、科学技术因素在经济增长和组织竞争中的作用越来越显著。只有不断开发智力资本,加速知识创新,才能保证未来世界经济的进一步发展。正因为知识渗透到各种科技与经济生活中,使近年来世界面貌发生了巨大的变化。从国外的情况来看,当前部分西方发达国家已经步入以信息技术为标志的知识经济社会,由高科技带动的知识经济占据着世界经济舞台,对其它国家形成包围之势。我国当前正处于从计划经济体制向市场经济体制转轨的关键阶段,部分发达省市已呈现出知识经济的端倪,城乡二元结构和二元经济现象开始出现。
正是基于以上背景,本文开展对知识竞争力的理论与应用研究,将“知识经济”由一般的概念向它的实际应用推进,由理论描述阶段进入技术分析阶段。文章认为,随着全球经济一体化进程的加快,世界变为一个地球村,国家之间的界限与概念将逐步淡化,国家之间的综合国力的竞争将逐步转化为发达城市之间的经济竞争。如何实现经济增长方式的转变,将知识资源作为独立的生产要素投入,将知识转化为直接的生产力,对促进国家和地区经济增长有着积极和重要的意义。文章秉承知识经济理论,在内容上对知识竞争力进行了逻辑解释与理论分析,通过选取相关指标将知识竞争力由一个不可观察变量表征为一个可观察变量,并选取国内典型知识经济城市上海、北京和广州三个城市进行实证研究,试图找出影响城市知识竞争力的决定因素,为我国宏观经济发展提供决策参考。
本文首先展开对知识的经济学演化分析,从知识视角论证经济增长理论模型对知识这一内生要素的认识过程。文章认为,从经济学的角度看,人们对知识竞争力问题的研究实际上是嵌入于近现代经济学发展的全部过程之中的。然后,文章从知识对经济的促进作用出发,对知识转化为竞争力的内在机理进行了深入分析,构建了知识转化为竞争力理论模型与知识经济社会知识竞争力的宏观转换机制。文章认为,知识并不是直接的竞争力,知识体现为竞争力必须有一个转化过程,这个过程包括认知知识、知识内部化、知识中介化和知识外部化这四个过程。知识转化为竞争力是一个不断的循环过程,这个过程包括内部知晓、内部响应、外部知晓、外部响应四个过程。知识经济社会知识竞争力的宏观转换机制包括知识的产业化、产业的知识化、知识的社会化和社会的知识化。其次,文章通过借鉴发达国家特别是OECD国家有关知识经济测度的指标体系,提出了城市知识竞争力的四个决定因素为知识创新能力、信息技术的应用能力、知识资本存量和知识基础设施,并从理论上对城市知识竞争力决定因素进行了深入阐述和指标细分,构建了城市竞争力决定因素理论模型。第三,文章从实证角度考察了城市知识竞争力四个决定因素之间的相关关系,运用主成分分析方法构建了城市知识竞争力决定因素评价模型对我国典型知识型城市知识竞争力和各决定因素进行了实证分析,并运用MATLAB工具箱实现BP神经网络预测模型的建立,预测了城市知识竞争力指数,并且与传统的多元线性回归方法建立的预测模型进行了精度的比较,说明基于BP神经网络的预测模型比基于多元线性回归的预测模型的精度高,模型的稳定性更好,更适用于城市知识竞争力指数的预测。本文所构建的知识竞争力决定因素评价模型与预测模型既可以用于对某一既定城市知识竞争力的评价与预测,也可以将此方法推广,用于对其他相关经济问题进行评价与预测。第四,文章最后从宏观角度分析了世界发达国家提升知识竞争力的具体措施,并提炼出国外在提升知识竞争力方面的经验,提出了我国提升知识竞争力的对策建议。
With the advent of the era of knowledge-based economy marked by information technology,knowledge become a key factor which decided organizational competitive edge and promote economic growth.Using Knowledge as an independent production factor to input and to participate in the value distribution has been prove in the theory.The era of knowledge economy is different from the agricultural era and the industrial age because the knowledge economy is knowledge-based economy and the status and role of knowledge have taken place fundamentally changes.Knowledge reflect in the high-tech, reflect in the talent who access to and use and development of high-tech.The human factor,intellectual factors,scientific and technological factors in the era of knowledge economy are far more important than the role in the era of agriculture and the industrial age in economic growth,the role has become more and more Significant for knowledge to promote the national economy growth and competitiveness of the organization.It is necessary to continuously accelerate the knowledge innovation in order to ensure the world economy further development.The world economy in recent years has undergone enormous changes because of knowledge innovation and technology development.
At present,some developed countries have entered the era of knowledge economy. China is currently in the system transformation stage from a planned economy to market economy,some developed provinces and cities have shown signs of a knowledge-based economy,a dual economy is beginning to emerge.At the same time,with the acceleration of the process of global economic integration,the boundaries between countries and the concept will gradually weaken,the world become a global village.The competition between countries will become gradually into the economical competition among developed cities.Achieving the transformation of economic growth mode,using knowledge resources as an independent factor of production to input,and transforming knowledge into the direct productive forces,above all problems will be important and positive significant for the promotion of economic growth in region and nation.
This article promote "knowledge economy" from the general concept to its practical application,from the phase of theory describe to the phase of technical analysis through carrying out the theoretical and applied research of knowledge competitiveness on the based of the above analysis.The article try to find the decision Factors which impact on the knowledge competitiveness of cities and provide decision-making conference for the development of China's macro-economic through logical explanation and theoretical analysis of the knowledge competitiveness and empirically researching on domestic typical knowledge-based city such as Shanghai,Beijing and Guangzhou.
This paper first launched on the evolutional analysis on knowledge economically, and discuss the process that knowledge is the inherent elements in the theorial model of econom growth from the perspective of knowledge.The article maintains that the research about knowledge competitiveness is actually embedded in the entire process of the development of modern economics from the point of view of economics.Then,the article in-depth analysis the internal mechanism of transforming knowledge to competitiveness and construct theorical model and the macro-conversion mechanism of knowledge competitiveness in the society of knowledge-based economy.The article maintains that knowledge is not directly competitive,knowledge embodied into the competitiveness need a transformation process,the process includes recognizing knowledge,internal knowledge, knowledge intermediary and external knowledge.Knowledge transforming into competitive is a constant cycle of the process this process include internal knowledge,the response of the internal,external knowledge and the response of the extgernal.At the same time,macro conversion mechanism in the knowledge-based society include the industrialization of knowledge,knowledge-based industries,socicaliztion of knowledge and the community of knowledge.Second,the article put forward the four determinants of knowledge competitiveness that are the knowledge innovation capability,the application capability of information technology,knowledge capital stock and knowledge infrastructure through draw lessons from the index system of knowledge-based economy measure of developed countries,in particular,OECD countries.Then the paper build the theorical model and expain the indicators through in-depth analyzing the decisive factors of knowledge competitiveness in urban.Third,from the perspective of empirical research the paper inspect the correlation between the four determinants of knowledge competitiveness of city,use the principal component analysis to construct evaluation model of the determining factors of knowledge competitiveness and empirically research the typical knowledge urban in China.Then the paper use MATLAB toolbox to achieve the construction of forecasting model of BP neural network,and predict the index of knowledge competitiveness,and compare the accuracy with the forecast model established through traditional method of multiple linear regression model.The result shows that the accuracy based on BP neural Network is better and more stability than the result based on multiple linear regression model.The prediction model Constructed by this paper can be used to forecast urban knowledge competitiveness in this paper,can also be used for other related economic study.Fourth,the article finally analys the specific measures that the developed countries upgrade knowledge competitiveness from a macro point of view and refine the experience and put forward the policy proposals to enhance the competitiveness in China.
正是基于以上背景,本文开展对知识竞争力的理论与应用研究,将“知识经济”由一般的概念向它的实际应用推进,由理论描述阶段进入技术分析阶段。文章认为,随着全球经济一体化进程的加快,世界变为一个地球村,国家之间的界限与概念将逐步淡化,国家之间的综合国力的竞争将逐步转化为发达城市之间的经济竞争。如何实现经济增长方式的转变,将知识资源作为独立的生产要素投入,将知识转化为直接的生产力,对促进国家和地区经济增长有着积极和重要的意义。文章秉承知识经济理论,在内容上对知识竞争力进行了逻辑解释与理论分析,通过选取相关指标将知识竞争力由一个不可观察变量表征为一个可观察变量,并选取国内典型知识经济城市上海、北京和广州三个城市进行实证研究,试图找出影响城市知识竞争力的决定因素,为我国宏观经济发展提供决策参考。
本文首先展开对知识的经济学演化分析,从知识视角论证经济增长理论模型对知识这一内生要素的认识过程。文章认为,从经济学的角度看,人们对知识竞争力问题的研究实际上是嵌入于近现代经济学发展的全部过程之中的。然后,文章从知识对经济的促进作用出发,对知识转化为竞争力的内在机理进行了深入分析,构建了知识转化为竞争力理论模型与知识经济社会知识竞争力的宏观转换机制。文章认为,知识并不是直接的竞争力,知识体现为竞争力必须有一个转化过程,这个过程包括认知知识、知识内部化、知识中介化和知识外部化这四个过程。知识转化为竞争力是一个不断的循环过程,这个过程包括内部知晓、内部响应、外部知晓、外部响应四个过程。知识经济社会知识竞争力的宏观转换机制包括知识的产业化、产业的知识化、知识的社会化和社会的知识化。其次,文章通过借鉴发达国家特别是OECD国家有关知识经济测度的指标体系,提出了城市知识竞争力的四个决定因素为知识创新能力、信息技术的应用能力、知识资本存量和知识基础设施,并从理论上对城市知识竞争力决定因素进行了深入阐述和指标细分,构建了城市竞争力决定因素理论模型。第三,文章从实证角度考察了城市知识竞争力四个决定因素之间的相关关系,运用主成分分析方法构建了城市知识竞争力决定因素评价模型对我国典型知识型城市知识竞争力和各决定因素进行了实证分析,并运用MATLAB工具箱实现BP神经网络预测模型的建立,预测了城市知识竞争力指数,并且与传统的多元线性回归方法建立的预测模型进行了精度的比较,说明基于BP神经网络的预测模型比基于多元线性回归的预测模型的精度高,模型的稳定性更好,更适用于城市知识竞争力指数的预测。本文所构建的知识竞争力决定因素评价模型与预测模型既可以用于对某一既定城市知识竞争力的评价与预测,也可以将此方法推广,用于对其他相关经济问题进行评价与预测。第四,文章最后从宏观角度分析了世界发达国家提升知识竞争力的具体措施,并提炼出国外在提升知识竞争力方面的经验,提出了我国提升知识竞争力的对策建议。
With the advent of the era of knowledge-based economy marked by information technology,knowledge become a key factor which decided organizational competitive edge and promote economic growth.Using Knowledge as an independent production factor to input and to participate in the value distribution has been prove in the theory.The era of knowledge economy is different from the agricultural era and the industrial age because the knowledge economy is knowledge-based economy and the status and role of knowledge have taken place fundamentally changes.Knowledge reflect in the high-tech, reflect in the talent who access to and use and development of high-tech.The human factor,intellectual factors,scientific and technological factors in the era of knowledge economy are far more important than the role in the era of agriculture and the industrial age in economic growth,the role has become more and more Significant for knowledge to promote the national economy growth and competitiveness of the organization.It is necessary to continuously accelerate the knowledge innovation in order to ensure the world economy further development.The world economy in recent years has undergone enormous changes because of knowledge innovation and technology development.
At present,some developed countries have entered the era of knowledge economy. China is currently in the system transformation stage from a planned economy to market economy,some developed provinces and cities have shown signs of a knowledge-based economy,a dual economy is beginning to emerge.At the same time,with the acceleration of the process of global economic integration,the boundaries between countries and the concept will gradually weaken,the world become a global village.The competition between countries will become gradually into the economical competition among developed cities.Achieving the transformation of economic growth mode,using knowledge resources as an independent factor of production to input,and transforming knowledge into the direct productive forces,above all problems will be important and positive significant for the promotion of economic growth in region and nation.
This article promote "knowledge economy" from the general concept to its practical application,from the phase of theory describe to the phase of technical analysis through carrying out the theoretical and applied research of knowledge competitiveness on the based of the above analysis.The article try to find the decision Factors which impact on the knowledge competitiveness of cities and provide decision-making conference for the development of China's macro-economic through logical explanation and theoretical analysis of the knowledge competitiveness and empirically researching on domestic typical knowledge-based city such as Shanghai,Beijing and Guangzhou.
This paper first launched on the evolutional analysis on knowledge economically, and discuss the process that knowledge is the inherent elements in the theorial model of econom growth from the perspective of knowledge.The article maintains that the research about knowledge competitiveness is actually embedded in the entire process of the development of modern economics from the point of view of economics.Then,the article in-depth analysis the internal mechanism of transforming knowledge to competitiveness and construct theorical model and the macro-conversion mechanism of knowledge competitiveness in the society of knowledge-based economy.The article maintains that knowledge is not directly competitive,knowledge embodied into the competitiveness need a transformation process,the process includes recognizing knowledge,internal knowledge, knowledge intermediary and external knowledge.Knowledge transforming into competitive is a constant cycle of the process this process include internal knowledge,the response of the internal,external knowledge and the response of the extgernal.At the same time,macro conversion mechanism in the knowledge-based society include the industrialization of knowledge,knowledge-based industries,socicaliztion of knowledge and the community of knowledge.Second,the article put forward the four determinants of knowledge competitiveness that are the knowledge innovation capability,the application capability of information technology,knowledge capital stock and knowledge infrastructure through draw lessons from the index system of knowledge-based economy measure of developed countries,in particular,OECD countries.Then the paper build the theorical model and expain the indicators through in-depth analyzing the decisive factors of knowledge competitiveness in urban.Third,from the perspective of empirical research the paper inspect the correlation between the four determinants of knowledge competitiveness of city,use the principal component analysis to construct evaluation model of the determining factors of knowledge competitiveness and empirically research the typical knowledge urban in China.Then the paper use MATLAB toolbox to achieve the construction of forecasting model of BP neural network,and predict the index of knowledge competitiveness,and compare the accuracy with the forecast model established through traditional method of multiple linear regression model.The result shows that the accuracy based on BP neural Network is better and more stability than the result based on multiple linear regression model.The prediction model Constructed by this paper can be used to forecast urban knowledge competitiveness in this paper,can also be used for other related economic study.Fourth,the article finally analys the specific measures that the developed countries upgrade knowledge competitiveness from a macro point of view and refine the experience and put forward the policy proposals to enhance the competitiveness in China.
引文
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