复杂地层水下盾构隧道地震响应分析
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摘要
随着地下工程技术的日臻完善,盾构法施工被越来越多地应用到水下越江隧道的建设中,而我国地处于环太平洋地震带上,地震活动非常频繁,因此对盾构隧道进行抗减震分析研究具有重要的意义。本文依托铁道部科技研究开发计划课题——狮子洋水下隧道结构静动力学特征及关键技术参数试验研究,以广深港客运专线狮子洋隧道为工程背景,采用有限差分法,对各典型计算工况进行了抗减震分析研究,主要完成了以下几方面的工作：
1、建立二维数值计算模型,对典型饱和砂层断面及软土层断面在不同地震波作用下结构及周边地层的动力响应进行了分析。结果表明：不同地震波作用下各计算断面结构的内力和位移均满足安全运营要求,位于隧道上方粉细砂层会发生液化现象,但对结构稳定性不构成威胁；
2、针对饱和砂层断面,讨论了地震波不同入射方向作用下结构及周边地层的震动特性,并研究了不同地基参数对结构抗减震性能的影响。分析结果表明：横向入射的地震波对结构及土体孔隙水压力影响更大,地基加固范围越大、地基强度参数提高倍数越高,土体抗液化能力越强、衬砌结构内力降低越多、变形越小；
3、建立三维数值计算模型,分析了典型联络通道与隧道结构连接处在不同地震波及地震波不同入射方向作用下,结构及周边地层的响应特性。计算表明：不同地震波作用下,结构的变形与应力均满足抗震设防要求,位于隧道上方的粉细砂层会发生液化现象,但不影响结构安全,横向入射的地震波对交叉结构的影响更大；
4、采用三维数值计算方法,对进口段工作竖井与隧道结构连接处进行了不同地震波入射方向作用下结构的动力响应分析。研究结果表明：地震作用过程中,竖井与隧道结构连接处个别部位出现了较大拉应力,已超过结构抗拉强度设计值,具有一定的震害风险,横向入射的地震波对结构的危害性更大。
With the underground engineering technology is improving daily, Shield method of construction are increasingly being applied to the underwater cross-river tunnel construction. However, our country, China land in the circum-Pacific seismic belt, seismic activity is very frequent, therefore, focusing on the research and improvement of seismic response analysis methods of shield tunnel has great significance. This paper rely on issue that Structural statics-kinetics feature and key technical parameters research of Shiziyang underwater tunnel, which is scientific research and development program topic of the Ministry of Railways, with Shiziyang tunnel in Guangzhou-Shenzhen-HongKong passenger dedicated line for engineering background, use finite difference method, analyse shock absorption measures of typical working conditions. The main contents are as following:
1. Establish two-dimensional numerical model, choose two typical corss-sections of the saturated sand and soft soil, analyse the earthquake response of the structure and the surrounding strata under different seismic waves of these corss-sections. The resules show that the internal forces and displacements under different seismic waves are required to meet the safe operation of the structure. And the fine sand layer at the top of the tunnel will liquefy, but does not pose a threat to the stability of the structure.
2. For the saturated sand section, discussed the dynamic response of the structure and the surrounding strata under different incidence directions of seismic wave, and research shock absorption effects of different parameters of oundation. Results show that horizontal incident seismic wave has greater impact on the structure and the soil pore water pressure. And the greater the scope of foundation reinforcement and the higher foundation strength parameters improvement, the stronger of the ability of soil to resistant liquefy, more internal forces and deformation to reduce.
3. Establish three-dimensional numerical model, analyse the dynamic response feature of the structure and the surrounding strata under different seismic waves and different incidence directions of the intersection structure of main tunnel and connected aisle. Calculation show that the structure deformation and stress under different seismic waves are required to meet the require of seismic fortification, the fine sand layer at the top of the tunnel will liquefy, but does not affect the safety of the structural. And horizontal incident seismic wave has greater impact on the intersection structure.
4. Use three-dimensional numerical method, analyse the dynamic response of the structure under different incidence directions of seismic wave of space crossing structure by which working shaft is connected with shield tunnel and open cut tunnel. Results show that individual parts of the working shaft and tunnel junction structure occurs a greater tensile stress during earthquake, exceeds the structural design value of tensile strength, with a certain degree of risk of earthquake damage. And horizontal incident seismic wave has greater danger on the intersection structure.
1、建立二维数值计算模型,对典型饱和砂层断面及软土层断面在不同地震波作用下结构及周边地层的动力响应进行了分析。结果表明：不同地震波作用下各计算断面结构的内力和位移均满足安全运营要求,位于隧道上方粉细砂层会发生液化现象,但对结构稳定性不构成威胁；
2、针对饱和砂层断面,讨论了地震波不同入射方向作用下结构及周边地层的震动特性,并研究了不同地基参数对结构抗减震性能的影响。分析结果表明：横向入射的地震波对结构及土体孔隙水压力影响更大,地基加固范围越大、地基强度参数提高倍数越高,土体抗液化能力越强、衬砌结构内力降低越多、变形越小；
3、建立三维数值计算模型,分析了典型联络通道与隧道结构连接处在不同地震波及地震波不同入射方向作用下,结构及周边地层的响应特性。计算表明：不同地震波作用下,结构的变形与应力均满足抗震设防要求,位于隧道上方的粉细砂层会发生液化现象,但不影响结构安全,横向入射的地震波对交叉结构的影响更大；
4、采用三维数值计算方法,对进口段工作竖井与隧道结构连接处进行了不同地震波入射方向作用下结构的动力响应分析。研究结果表明：地震作用过程中,竖井与隧道结构连接处个别部位出现了较大拉应力,已超过结构抗拉强度设计值,具有一定的震害风险,横向入射的地震波对结构的危害性更大。
With the underground engineering technology is improving daily, Shield method of construction are increasingly being applied to the underwater cross-river tunnel construction. However, our country, China land in the circum-Pacific seismic belt, seismic activity is very frequent, therefore, focusing on the research and improvement of seismic response analysis methods of shield tunnel has great significance. This paper rely on issue that Structural statics-kinetics feature and key technical parameters research of Shiziyang underwater tunnel, which is scientific research and development program topic of the Ministry of Railways, with Shiziyang tunnel in Guangzhou-Shenzhen-HongKong passenger dedicated line for engineering background, use finite difference method, analyse shock absorption measures of typical working conditions. The main contents are as following:
1. Establish two-dimensional numerical model, choose two typical corss-sections of the saturated sand and soft soil, analyse the earthquake response of the structure and the surrounding strata under different seismic waves of these corss-sections. The resules show that the internal forces and displacements under different seismic waves are required to meet the safe operation of the structure. And the fine sand layer at the top of the tunnel will liquefy, but does not pose a threat to the stability of the structure.
2. For the saturated sand section, discussed the dynamic response of the structure and the surrounding strata under different incidence directions of seismic wave, and research shock absorption effects of different parameters of oundation. Results show that horizontal incident seismic wave has greater impact on the structure and the soil pore water pressure. And the greater the scope of foundation reinforcement and the higher foundation strength parameters improvement, the stronger of the ability of soil to resistant liquefy, more internal forces and deformation to reduce.
3. Establish three-dimensional numerical model, analyse the dynamic response feature of the structure and the surrounding strata under different seismic waves and different incidence directions of the intersection structure of main tunnel and connected aisle. Calculation show that the structure deformation and stress under different seismic waves are required to meet the require of seismic fortification, the fine sand layer at the top of the tunnel will liquefy, but does not affect the safety of the structural. And horizontal incident seismic wave has greater impact on the intersection structure.
4. Use three-dimensional numerical method, analyse the dynamic response of the structure under different incidence directions of seismic wave of space crossing structure by which working shaft is connected with shield tunnel and open cut tunnel. Results show that individual parts of the working shaft and tunnel junction structure occurs a greater tensile stress during earthquake, exceeds the structural design value of tensile strength, with a certain degree of risk of earthquake damage. And horizontal incident seismic wave has greater danger on the intersection structure.
引文
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