非标机械产品系列化设计准则及工程应用研究
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摘要
机械产品的系列化和标准化是现代化工业发展的要求与结果。如何科学、快捷的进行产品系列化设计,寻求先进的系列化设计方法对于产品系列化具有理论价值与实际指导意义。本文试图对于非标机械产品系列化设计进行一些基础性的研究与探讨,尝试提出采用建立非标产品的系列化设计准则(简称系列化准则)的方法指导系列化设计。非标设计一般以单台套产品设计为主,系列化程度较低,但随着技术发展,非标产品系列化也越来越多。在单一产品的基础上,设计开发类似的产品,基于已有产品的扩展设计,都属于本文研究的范畴。
相似理论具有很高的工程应用价值,相关研究持续不断,主要集中在系统间的模型试验、系统间的相似度量及其工程应用,产品系列化研究较少。周美立教授对相似理论进行了系统深入的研究,取得了系列研究成果,研究了产品系列化设计问题,将相似系统分为精确相似、可拓相似和模糊相似,对系列化设计进行了系统地描述,并给出了基于基型扩展计算公式。本文旨在借助相似理论的概念,探索更为简洁实用的产品系列化设计方法,基于相似第二定理,把相似准则直接或有条件的转化为机械产品系列化设计准则,利用设计准则得到产品的系列化设计参数,为繁琐的系列化设计提供科学快捷的方法。
本文基于两个相似体之间的相似准则,研究非标机械产品系列化设计准则的建立方法。首先建立了非标机械产品单一零部件系列化设计准则,并将其推广到单一机械系统与复杂机械系统。提出了复杂系统下采用主系统、主参数具有工程使用价值的系列化设计方法。最后给出了工程应用实例,采用提出的理论方法,对旋转雾化系统建立了各子系统的系列化准则,并初步给出了系列化设计结果。该研究对于新产品开发,尤其是在一定基础上进行系列化开发具有指导意义。
Serialization and standardization of the mechanical product is the demand and result of the development of modernization industry. It is worthy theoretically and directive practically for product serialization to carry on the product serialization design scientifically and quickly and search advanced serialization design methods. This article tries to do some basic investigates for the non-standard mechanical product, and present the method that established the serialization design criterion (simplified as serialization criterion) to direct the serialization design. The degree of the non-standard product serialization is low. The non-standard product design usually focus on single item. With the development of the science and technology, more and more serialization of non-standard product design is needed. The article will research the serialization of non-standard product, including developing similar products based on a single designed product, and extending design of non-standard products from existed products, etc.
The similarity theory is with high engineering application value, the correlation research of it is continuing, and mainly focus on the model experiment and the similarity measurement among the system and its engineering application. However the research of the product serialization is less. Professor Zhou Mei-li researched the similarity theory systemically and thoroughly and got a series of research conclusion. The article studied the product serialization design, the similar system was divided into the precise similar, topological similar and fuzzy similar, the serialization design was systemically described, and the extended calculating formula based on the archetype was given. This article aim to explore more concise and applied product serialization design method in virtue of the similarity theory. The similarity criterion is directly or conditionally converted into serialization design criterion of the mechanical product based on the second Similarity Theorem, and then the serialization design parameter of product can be gotten by the similarity criterion. It is a scientific and quick method for the complex serialization design.
Based on the similarity criterion between two similar products, the article research the establishing method of the similarity design criterion of the non-standard mechanical products. Firstly, The series design criterion is established for the single part of the non-standard mechanical product, and then is extended to the single and complex mechanical system. The series design method with main system and main parameter is put forward, and it is valuable for the complex mechanical system. Finally, An engineering applying was exampled. Using the given theory and measures, the similarity criterion of every subsystem for the Rolling Pulverization Powders Manufacturing Equipment was established, and the primary serialization design results were given out. The study is instructional for the new product development, especially for the serialization design on the base of made product.
相似理论具有很高的工程应用价值,相关研究持续不断,主要集中在系统间的模型试验、系统间的相似度量及其工程应用,产品系列化研究较少。周美立教授对相似理论进行了系统深入的研究,取得了系列研究成果,研究了产品系列化设计问题,将相似系统分为精确相似、可拓相似和模糊相似,对系列化设计进行了系统地描述,并给出了基于基型扩展计算公式。本文旨在借助相似理论的概念,探索更为简洁实用的产品系列化设计方法,基于相似第二定理,把相似准则直接或有条件的转化为机械产品系列化设计准则,利用设计准则得到产品的系列化设计参数,为繁琐的系列化设计提供科学快捷的方法。
本文基于两个相似体之间的相似准则,研究非标机械产品系列化设计准则的建立方法。首先建立了非标机械产品单一零部件系列化设计准则,并将其推广到单一机械系统与复杂机械系统。提出了复杂系统下采用主系统、主参数具有工程使用价值的系列化设计方法。最后给出了工程应用实例,采用提出的理论方法,对旋转雾化系统建立了各子系统的系列化准则,并初步给出了系列化设计结果。该研究对于新产品开发,尤其是在一定基础上进行系列化开发具有指导意义。
Serialization and standardization of the mechanical product is the demand and result of the development of modernization industry. It is worthy theoretically and directive practically for product serialization to carry on the product serialization design scientifically and quickly and search advanced serialization design methods. This article tries to do some basic investigates for the non-standard mechanical product, and present the method that established the serialization design criterion (simplified as serialization criterion) to direct the serialization design. The degree of the non-standard product serialization is low. The non-standard product design usually focus on single item. With the development of the science and technology, more and more serialization of non-standard product design is needed. The article will research the serialization of non-standard product, including developing similar products based on a single designed product, and extending design of non-standard products from existed products, etc.
The similarity theory is with high engineering application value, the correlation research of it is continuing, and mainly focus on the model experiment and the similarity measurement among the system and its engineering application. However the research of the product serialization is less. Professor Zhou Mei-li researched the similarity theory systemically and thoroughly and got a series of research conclusion. The article studied the product serialization design, the similar system was divided into the precise similar, topological similar and fuzzy similar, the serialization design was systemically described, and the extended calculating formula based on the archetype was given. This article aim to explore more concise and applied product serialization design method in virtue of the similarity theory. The similarity criterion is directly or conditionally converted into serialization design criterion of the mechanical product based on the second Similarity Theorem, and then the serialization design parameter of product can be gotten by the similarity criterion. It is a scientific and quick method for the complex serialization design.
Based on the similarity criterion between two similar products, the article research the establishing method of the similarity design criterion of the non-standard mechanical products. Firstly, The series design criterion is established for the single part of the non-standard mechanical product, and then is extended to the single and complex mechanical system. The series design method with main system and main parameter is put forward, and it is valuable for the complex mechanical system. Finally, An engineering applying was exampled. Using the given theory and measures, the similarity criterion of every subsystem for the Rolling Pulverization Powders Manufacturing Equipment was established, and the primary serialization design results were given out. The study is instructional for the new product development, especially for the serialization design on the base of made product.
引文
[1]徐挺.相似理论与模型试验[M].北京：中国农业机械出版社,1982,9-71.
[2]邱绪光.实用相似理论[M].北京：北京航空学院出版社,1988,30-67.
[3]廖林清、王化培、石晓辉、牟小云、任发豪.机械设计方法学[M].重庆：重庆大学出版社,1996,159-181.
[4]杨务滋、刘洋、周立强.基于量纲分析方法的产品系列化设计[J].中国工程机械学报,2008,6(1)：73-77.
[5]陈敏.机械产品系列化设计方法研究[J].四川轻化工学院学报,2003,16(2)：66-69.
[6]胡冬奎、王平等.相似理论及其在机械工程中的应用[J].现代制造工程,2009(11)：9-12.
[7]鲍培德.浅谈相似理论与模型试验在机械工程中的应用[J].机械设计与制造基础,2000,29(6)：27-28.
[8]周美立.相似工程学[M].北京：机械工业出版社,1998,224-237.
[9]周美立.相似学[M].北京：中国科学技术出版社,1993.
[10]Zhihui Lu, Yue Bo, Wei Zhang. Research on the Serialized Design Criterion and Engineering Application[J].2nd International Conference on Manufacturing Science and Engineering, Advanced Materials Research Vols:201～203(2011)pp577～584.
[11]谢多夫[苏].力学中的相似方法与量纲理论[M].北京：科学出版社,1982.
[12]袁文忠.相似理论与静力学模型试验[M].成都：西南交通大学出版社,1998,7-40.
[13]丁志浩.产品系列化设计——电动工具的系列化设计[D].南京：南京理工大学,2004.
[14]Kusiak A, Chow M. Similarity coefficient algorithm for the Solving group technology problem [J].International Journal of Production Research,1984,30 (11):2233～2246.
[15]Islam K M. Sarker B P. A similarity coefficient measure and machine parts grouping in cellular manufacturing system[J]. Internation Journal Of Production Research,2000,38(3):699～720.
[16]Taesik Hong, Kunwoo Lee, Sungehan Kim. Similarity comparison Of mechanical parts to reuse existinge dsigns[J]. Computer Aided Designed,2006(38):973～984.
[17]李清泉、韩延良.真空熔炼高压气体雾化制粉技术及设备[J].粉末冶金工业,1996,6(2)：27-31.
[18]张义文、张莹、陈生大、冯涤.PREP制取高温合金粉末的特点[J].粉末冶金技术,2001,19(1)：12-15.
[19]朱有利、杜晓坤、李占明等,等离子体熔化离心雾化喷涂粒子的特性[J].粉末冶金材料科学与工程,2006,11(5)：290-294.
[20]张莹、李世魁、陈生大等.用等离子旋转电极法制取镍基高温合金粉末[J].粉末冶金工业,1998,8(6)：17-22.
[21]陶宇、冯涤、张义文等.PREP工艺参数对FGH95高温合金粉末特性的影响[J].钢铁研究学报,2003,15(5)：46-50.
[22]时实正治(日)等.离子旋转电极法制备钛合金粉末[J].资料处理技术,1990,37(4)：37-43.
[23]国为民、张凤戈、张义文.粉末高温合金制备工艺的研究与发展[J].粉末冶金工业,2002,12(6)：17-25.
[24]国为民、冯涤.俄罗斯粉末高温合金工艺的研究与发展[J].粉末冶金工业,2000,10(1)：20-27.
[25]国为民、陈生大、冯涤等.等离子旋转电极法制取镍基高温合金粉末工艺的研究[J].航空工程与维修,1999(5)：44-46.
[26]陶宇、冯涤、张义文等,优化等离子旋转电极工艺提高F G H 95合金粉末的收得率[J].粉末冶金工业,2003,13(2)：33-36.
[27]张义文、上官永恒.粉末高温合金的研究与发展[J].粉末冶金工业,2004,14(6)：30-43.
[28]张莹.俄罗斯粉末高温合金涡轮盘的生产工艺[J].钢铁研究学报,2000, 12(3)：63-69.
[29]张建利.等离子旋转电极制粉机组及工艺.中国发明专利,申请号：200810150484,申请日： 2008年07月18日.
[30]杜晓坤、朱有利、李占明等.离心雾化等离子喷涂粒子的形成及其分布研究[J].中国表面工程,2006,19(4)：32-39.
[31]周美立.机械产品优化设计中相似性与差异性分析方法[J].机械设计,2004,21(Z1)：129-130.
[32]卢志辉,赖曾美.锻模应力场的光弹(塑)性模拟分析技术[J].机械强度,1992(1)：1-6.
[33]尤凤翔、吕福合.相似理论在工程实际中的应用[J].丹东师专学报,1999,21(1)：55-57.
[34]刘云、王艾伦.复杂系统相似性原理与相似条件研究[J].系统工程学报,2009,24(3)：350-354.
[35]骆敏舟、周美立.基于特征参数度量的相似系统设计及其作用[J].机械设计与研究,2001,17(3)：11-13.
[36]郑奇斌.新型双环减速器的系列化设计和样机研制[D].天津：天津大学,2007.
[37]刘洋.侧开口式扣压机结构优化及系列化设计研究[D].长沙：中南大学,2008.
[38]李哲.厨房小工具产品开发之系列化设计研究[D].无锡：江南大学,2007.
[39]陈新响.船舶锚机绞缆机液压驱动系统系列化设计研究[D].大连：大连海事大学,2008.
[40]李明宇.零部件系列化设计技术研究及系统开发[D].长沙：国防科学技术大学,2003.
[41]玉荣.潜油行星齿轮减速器的系列化设计方法研究[D].沈阳：沈阳工业大学,2009.
[42]刘元平.复杂相似系列化产品的差异性分析和应用研究[D].合肥：合肥工业大学,2009.
[43]Livetra O S, Ribeim J F F, Seok S C.A comparative Study of similarity measures for manufacturing cell formation[J]. Journal of Manufacturing systems,2008(27):19～25.
[44]Rameshm M, Yip—Hoi D, Dutta D. Feature based shape similarity Measurement for retrieval of mechanical parts [J]. Journal of Computing and information science in Engineering,2001(1):245～256.
[45]Selim HM. Abdel Aal R M S. Formation of machine groups and part families:a modified SLC method and Comparative study [J]. Integrated Manufacturing systems,2003,14(2):123～137.
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[47]濮良贵、纪名刚.机械设计[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2000.
[2]邱绪光.实用相似理论[M].北京：北京航空学院出版社,1988,30-67.
[3]廖林清、王化培、石晓辉、牟小云、任发豪.机械设计方法学[M].重庆：重庆大学出版社,1996,159-181.
[4]杨务滋、刘洋、周立强.基于量纲分析方法的产品系列化设计[J].中国工程机械学报,2008,6(1)：73-77.
[5]陈敏.机械产品系列化设计方法研究[J].四川轻化工学院学报,2003,16(2)：66-69.
[6]胡冬奎、王平等.相似理论及其在机械工程中的应用[J].现代制造工程,2009(11)：9-12.
[7]鲍培德.浅谈相似理论与模型试验在机械工程中的应用[J].机械设计与制造基础,2000,29(6)：27-28.
[8]周美立.相似工程学[M].北京：机械工业出版社,1998,224-237.
[9]周美立.相似学[M].北京：中国科学技术出版社,1993.
[10]Zhihui Lu, Yue Bo, Wei Zhang. Research on the Serialized Design Criterion and Engineering Application[J].2nd International Conference on Manufacturing Science and Engineering, Advanced Materials Research Vols:201～203(2011)pp577～584.
[11]谢多夫[苏].力学中的相似方法与量纲理论[M].北京：科学出版社,1982.
[12]袁文忠.相似理论与静力学模型试验[M].成都：西南交通大学出版社,1998,7-40.
[13]丁志浩.产品系列化设计——电动工具的系列化设计[D].南京：南京理工大学,2004.
[14]Kusiak A, Chow M. Similarity coefficient algorithm for the Solving group technology problem [J].International Journal of Production Research,1984,30 (11):2233～2246.
[15]Islam K M. Sarker B P. A similarity coefficient measure and machine parts grouping in cellular manufacturing system[J]. Internation Journal Of Production Research,2000,38(3):699～720.
[16]Taesik Hong, Kunwoo Lee, Sungehan Kim. Similarity comparison Of mechanical parts to reuse existinge dsigns[J]. Computer Aided Designed,2006(38):973～984.
[17]李清泉、韩延良.真空熔炼高压气体雾化制粉技术及设备[J].粉末冶金工业,1996,6(2)：27-31.
[18]张义文、张莹、陈生大、冯涤.PREP制取高温合金粉末的特点[J].粉末冶金技术,2001,19(1)：12-15.
[19]朱有利、杜晓坤、李占明等,等离子体熔化离心雾化喷涂粒子的特性[J].粉末冶金材料科学与工程,2006,11(5)：290-294.
[20]张莹、李世魁、陈生大等.用等离子旋转电极法制取镍基高温合金粉末[J].粉末冶金工业,1998,8(6)：17-22.
[21]陶宇、冯涤、张义文等.PREP工艺参数对FGH95高温合金粉末特性的影响[J].钢铁研究学报,2003,15(5)：46-50.
[22]时实正治(日)等.离子旋转电极法制备钛合金粉末[J].资料处理技术,1990,37(4)：37-43.
[23]国为民、张凤戈、张义文.粉末高温合金制备工艺的研究与发展[J].粉末冶金工业,2002,12(6)：17-25.
[24]国为民、冯涤.俄罗斯粉末高温合金工艺的研究与发展[J].粉末冶金工业,2000,10(1)：20-27.
[25]国为民、陈生大、冯涤等.等离子旋转电极法制取镍基高温合金粉末工艺的研究[J].航空工程与维修,1999(5)：44-46.
[26]陶宇、冯涤、张义文等,优化等离子旋转电极工艺提高F G H 95合金粉末的收得率[J].粉末冶金工业,2003,13(2)：33-36.
[27]张义文、上官永恒.粉末高温合金的研究与发展[J].粉末冶金工业,2004,14(6)：30-43.
[28]张莹.俄罗斯粉末高温合金涡轮盘的生产工艺[J].钢铁研究学报,2000, 12(3)：63-69.
[29]张建利.等离子旋转电极制粉机组及工艺.中国发明专利,申请号：200810150484,申请日： 2008年07月18日.
[30]杜晓坤、朱有利、李占明等.离心雾化等离子喷涂粒子的形成及其分布研究[J].中国表面工程,2006,19(4)：32-39.
[31]周美立.机械产品优化设计中相似性与差异性分析方法[J].机械设计,2004,21(Z1)：129-130.
[32]卢志辉,赖曾美.锻模应力场的光弹(塑)性模拟分析技术[J].机械强度,1992(1)：1-6.
[33]尤凤翔、吕福合.相似理论在工程实际中的应用[J].丹东师专学报,1999,21(1)：55-57.
[34]刘云、王艾伦.复杂系统相似性原理与相似条件研究[J].系统工程学报,2009,24(3)：350-354.
[35]骆敏舟、周美立.基于特征参数度量的相似系统设计及其作用[J].机械设计与研究,2001,17(3)：11-13.
[36]郑奇斌.新型双环减速器的系列化设计和样机研制[D].天津：天津大学,2007.
[37]刘洋.侧开口式扣压机结构优化及系列化设计研究[D].长沙：中南大学,2008.
[38]李哲.厨房小工具产品开发之系列化设计研究[D].无锡：江南大学,2007.
[39]陈新响.船舶锚机绞缆机液压驱动系统系列化设计研究[D].大连：大连海事大学,2008.
[40]李明宇.零部件系列化设计技术研究及系统开发[D].长沙：国防科学技术大学,2003.
[41]玉荣.潜油行星齿轮减速器的系列化设计方法研究[D].沈阳：沈阳工业大学,2009.
[42]刘元平.复杂相似系列化产品的差异性分析和应用研究[D].合肥：合肥工业大学,2009.
[43]Livetra O S, Ribeim J F F, Seok S C.A comparative Study of similarity measures for manufacturing cell formation[J]. Journal of Manufacturing systems,2008(27):19～25.
[44]Rameshm M, Yip—Hoi D, Dutta D. Feature based shape similarity Measurement for retrieval of mechanical parts [J]. Journal of Computing and information science in Engineering,2001(1):245～256.
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