中华稻蝗配子发生中花生凝集素受体和原癌基因c-kit表达的研究
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摘要
昆虫能大量繁殖后代，这是以其生殖系统的生理机能为基础的。因此，从昆虫生殖生理方面进行研究有利于深入了解昆虫的生殖调控机理和控制繁殖。本论文以直翅目(Orthoptera)、蝗科(Acrididae)、稻蝗属(Oxya)的中华稻蝗(Oxya chinensis)为材料，研究其配子发生的规律，为了解中华稻蝗的生殖机理并设计合理杀虫剂提供理论依据。
对于中华稻蝗的配子发生，特别是卵子发生，前人已做了组化方面的研究。目前凝集素免疫组化技术的应用促进了生殖生理研究的发展，本论文利用SABC标记的凝集素检测中华稻蝗配子发生中PNA凝集素受体的合成和表达，以获得中华稻蝗配子发生中部分糖复合物的表达规律，以推测其意义，这在国内还属首次。发现在卵巢内，早期卵母细胞内有强阳性颗粒，中、后期则在滤泡细胞有阳性颗粒。在精巢内，精原细胞及初级精母细胞靠近细胞核有强阳性颗粒，次级精母细胞近膜处阳性颗粒小而多，变形期精子细胞阳性标记逐渐向尾部移动。结论提出在(1)卵母细胞的PNA结合糖复合物最早由自身合成，在中、后期由滤泡细胞合成；(2)精子表面的PNA凝集素受体出现于精子发生早期，并在初级、次级精母细胞有大量表达：(3)在成熟过程中精子表面的PNA结合糖复合物发生明显变化。
为了了解中华配子发生的调节机理，采用免疫组织化学方法及原位杂交技术，研究了原癌基因kit在配子发生阶段的特异性表达。结果表明未分化精原细胞无Kit表达，初级精母细胞膜上出现强阳性颗粒，次级精母细胞细胞质内阳性颗粒变小但颗粒数增加，随成熟过程的进行精子细胞内阳性颗粒分布发生了明显的变化，因此推断Kit与精子发生和成熟有关。早期卵母细胞质或细胞膜上均没有阳性颗粒的表达。仅第三、第四阶段的卵母细胞核周围有阳性颗粒，而第四阶段滤泡细胞膜上开始出现Kit阳性颗粒，该时期滤泡细胞在增殖，第五、第六阶段滤泡上皮细胞为柱状，开始分泌阳性颗粒，而卵母细胞本身不合成，第七阶段、第八阶段卵母细胞内充满球状卵黄颗粒，滤泡上皮细胞缩短，无明显颗粒，由此推断Kit先由卵母细胞合成，后由滤泡细胞供给，且与卵母细胞的生长有关。
昆虫雄性附性腺是重要的分泌器官，能分泌多种物质(多糖，蛋白，脂类)
直翅目昆虫雄性附腺的分泌物是精液的主要成分，具有激活，营养精子的作用，
并构成精囊，还能促进雌虫排卵，储精囊是储存精子的地方。通过腺体标本制作
技术，石蜡切片技术和光镜观察，研究了中华稻蝗成虫的雄性附腺和储精囊的结
构和功能，结果表明:由中胚层发育而来的附腺由巧对(8对乳白管，7对透明
管)一端开口于射精管，另一端封闭的腺管组成其组织由里到外为上皮层，底膜，
肌肉层和结缔组织膜，并按上皮细胞，分泌物将乳白腺管分为两种:酸性腺管和
颗粒腺管，将透明腺管分为三种:碱性腺管，粘液性腺管和混合性腺管。这些管
在成虫前后期在大小，上皮细胞，分泌物发生一些变化。精子在储精囊中成团分
布，储精囊具柱状上皮细胞和分泌细胞，底膜和肌肉层较发达，围脏膜中有气管，
其盲端和中后段组织结构有差异。
Insects have powerful reproductive capacity, which based on its reproductive physiology. Studies of reproductive physiology can help us to further master the reproductive mechanisms and to control insects' fertility.
In the present paper, to reveal law of gametogenesis and to explain the reproductive mechanisms of Oxya chinensis (Acrididae), thus design "biorational insecticide, some investigations are reported.
Histochemical staining researches have been done on gametogenesis of Oxya chinensis, especial on oogenesis. Studies of reproductive physiology were promoted with the development of lectin immunohistochemical method. PNA binding glycoconjugates on Oxya chinensis gametal surface were detected with microscope after SABC labeling for better understanding of the formation and distribution of glycoconjugates during spermatogenesis and oogenesis. In ovary PNA binding glycoconjugates mainly appeared in early oocytes and later in follicular cells. In the cytoplasm of primodial germ cells and primary spermatocytes, a granule structure can be observed closed to the nucleus, and secondary spermatocytes, small and lots granule, closed to the membrane. And the distribution of PNA binding glycoconjugates changes during sperm maturation.
The results indicate that (1) Carbohydrates of oocytes were first formed by themselves and then by follicular cells. (2) PNA binding glycoconjugates appeared in early spermatogenesis and expressed in primary and secondary spermatocytes. (3) The distribution of lectin receptor changed during spermiogenesis.
In order to study the regulatory mechanism in gametogenesis of Oxya chinensis, the special expression of c-kit is investigated by immunohistochemical method and In situ hybridization. The results show that Kit positive protein granules first exist on the cellular membrane of differentiated spermatogonia, and then primary spermatocytes. In secondary spermatocytes, small and lots granule, closed to the membrane. And the distribution of Kit positive protein granules changes during sperm maturation. The
results indicate that Kit protein plays a role during spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis.
However, Kit protein doesn't exist in primary oogenesis, it exists only in the oocytes during third and fourth stage, and first exists on the membrane of follicular cells during the fourth stage, when proliferating. During the fifth and sixth stage, the columnar follicular cells begin to secret Kit protein and later decrease. The results indicate that Kit protein was first synthesized by oocytes and then by follicular cells and plays a role during oocytes growth.
The mesodermal accessory glands are important secretory organ, which can secret many kinds of material (carbohydrates, proteins and lipids), the secretion of Orthoptera mesodermal accessory glands is the main composition of spermatic fluid, which can activate and nourish sperm, form spermatophore and promote females ovulation. Seminal vesicle is the place in which the united sperm stored. Structure and function of the mesodermal accessory glands and seminal vesicle in Oxya chinensis, were studied with gland specimen, paraffin sections and light microscopy method. The results are summarized as follows:
The male accessory glands of Oxya chinensis includes fifteen pairs of tubules opening into the ejaculatory duct, eight of them are white and seven hyaline glands. The histological structure of male mesodermal accessory glands showed it consisted of four layers: simple epithelium, basal lamella, muscle layer and peritoneal membrane. White glands were classified into two main types on the basis of epithelial cells and secretion: acidity and particulate glands, and hyaline into three: basicity, mucus and mixture. The size, epithelial cells and secretion changed after eclosion.
Seminal vesicle, scattered with united sperm, consisted of four layers: columnar cell and secretory cell, developed basal lamella and muscle layer, peritoneal membrane, the blind and the other part had some difference in histological structure.
对于中华稻蝗的配子发生，特别是卵子发生，前人已做了组化方面的研究。目前凝集素免疫组化技术的应用促进了生殖生理研究的发展，本论文利用SABC标记的凝集素检测中华稻蝗配子发生中PNA凝集素受体的合成和表达，以获得中华稻蝗配子发生中部分糖复合物的表达规律，以推测其意义，这在国内还属首次。发现在卵巢内，早期卵母细胞内有强阳性颗粒，中、后期则在滤泡细胞有阳性颗粒。在精巢内，精原细胞及初级精母细胞靠近细胞核有强阳性颗粒，次级精母细胞近膜处阳性颗粒小而多，变形期精子细胞阳性标记逐渐向尾部移动。结论提出在(1)卵母细胞的PNA结合糖复合物最早由自身合成，在中、后期由滤泡细胞合成；(2)精子表面的PNA凝集素受体出现于精子发生早期，并在初级、次级精母细胞有大量表达：(3)在成熟过程中精子表面的PNA结合糖复合物发生明显变化。
为了了解中华配子发生的调节机理，采用免疫组织化学方法及原位杂交技术，研究了原癌基因kit在配子发生阶段的特异性表达。结果表明未分化精原细胞无Kit表达，初级精母细胞膜上出现强阳性颗粒，次级精母细胞细胞质内阳性颗粒变小但颗粒数增加，随成熟过程的进行精子细胞内阳性颗粒分布发生了明显的变化，因此推断Kit与精子发生和成熟有关。早期卵母细胞质或细胞膜上均没有阳性颗粒的表达。仅第三、第四阶段的卵母细胞核周围有阳性颗粒，而第四阶段滤泡细胞膜上开始出现Kit阳性颗粒，该时期滤泡细胞在增殖，第五、第六阶段滤泡上皮细胞为柱状，开始分泌阳性颗粒，而卵母细胞本身不合成，第七阶段、第八阶段卵母细胞内充满球状卵黄颗粒，滤泡上皮细胞缩短，无明显颗粒，由此推断Kit先由卵母细胞合成，后由滤泡细胞供给，且与卵母细胞的生长有关。
昆虫雄性附性腺是重要的分泌器官，能分泌多种物质(多糖，蛋白，脂类)
直翅目昆虫雄性附腺的分泌物是精液的主要成分，具有激活，营养精子的作用，
并构成精囊，还能促进雌虫排卵，储精囊是储存精子的地方。通过腺体标本制作
技术，石蜡切片技术和光镜观察，研究了中华稻蝗成虫的雄性附腺和储精囊的结
构和功能，结果表明:由中胚层发育而来的附腺由巧对(8对乳白管，7对透明
管)一端开口于射精管，另一端封闭的腺管组成其组织由里到外为上皮层，底膜，
肌肉层和结缔组织膜，并按上皮细胞，分泌物将乳白腺管分为两种:酸性腺管和
颗粒腺管，将透明腺管分为三种:碱性腺管，粘液性腺管和混合性腺管。这些管
在成虫前后期在大小，上皮细胞，分泌物发生一些变化。精子在储精囊中成团分
布，储精囊具柱状上皮细胞和分泌细胞，底膜和肌肉层较发达，围脏膜中有气管，
其盲端和中后段组织结构有差异。
Insects have powerful reproductive capacity, which based on its reproductive physiology. Studies of reproductive physiology can help us to further master the reproductive mechanisms and to control insects' fertility.
In the present paper, to reveal law of gametogenesis and to explain the reproductive mechanisms of Oxya chinensis (Acrididae), thus design "biorational insecticide, some investigations are reported.
Histochemical staining researches have been done on gametogenesis of Oxya chinensis, especial on oogenesis. Studies of reproductive physiology were promoted with the development of lectin immunohistochemical method. PNA binding glycoconjugates on Oxya chinensis gametal surface were detected with microscope after SABC labeling for better understanding of the formation and distribution of glycoconjugates during spermatogenesis and oogenesis. In ovary PNA binding glycoconjugates mainly appeared in early oocytes and later in follicular cells. In the cytoplasm of primodial germ cells and primary spermatocytes, a granule structure can be observed closed to the nucleus, and secondary spermatocytes, small and lots granule, closed to the membrane. And the distribution of PNA binding glycoconjugates changes during sperm maturation.
The results indicate that (1) Carbohydrates of oocytes were first formed by themselves and then by follicular cells. (2) PNA binding glycoconjugates appeared in early spermatogenesis and expressed in primary and secondary spermatocytes. (3) The distribution of lectin receptor changed during spermiogenesis.
In order to study the regulatory mechanism in gametogenesis of Oxya chinensis, the special expression of c-kit is investigated by immunohistochemical method and In situ hybridization. The results show that Kit positive protein granules first exist on the cellular membrane of differentiated spermatogonia, and then primary spermatocytes. In secondary spermatocytes, small and lots granule, closed to the membrane. And the distribution of Kit positive protein granules changes during sperm maturation. The
results indicate that Kit protein plays a role during spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis.
However, Kit protein doesn't exist in primary oogenesis, it exists only in the oocytes during third and fourth stage, and first exists on the membrane of follicular cells during the fourth stage, when proliferating. During the fifth and sixth stage, the columnar follicular cells begin to secret Kit protein and later decrease. The results indicate that Kit protein was first synthesized by oocytes and then by follicular cells and plays a role during oocytes growth.
The mesodermal accessory glands are important secretory organ, which can secret many kinds of material (carbohydrates, proteins and lipids), the secretion of Orthoptera mesodermal accessory glands is the main composition of spermatic fluid, which can activate and nourish sperm, form spermatophore and promote females ovulation. Seminal vesicle is the place in which the united sperm stored. Structure and function of the mesodermal accessory glands and seminal vesicle in Oxya chinensis, were studied with gland specimen, paraffin sections and light microscopy method. The results are summarized as follows:
The male accessory glands of Oxya chinensis includes fifteen pairs of tubules opening into the ejaculatory duct, eight of them are white and seven hyaline glands. The histological structure of male mesodermal accessory glands showed it consisted of four layers: simple epithelium, basal lamella, muscle layer and peritoneal membrane. White glands were classified into two main types on the basis of epithelial cells and secretion: acidity and particulate glands, and hyaline into three: basicity, mucus and mixture. The size, epithelial cells and secretion changed after eclosion.
Seminal vesicle, scattered with united sperm, consisted of four layers: columnar cell and secretory cell, developed basal lamella and muscle layer, peritoneal membrane, the blind and the other part had some difference in histological structure.
引文
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