目标与干扰声学特性的水池动态模拟技术
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摘要
本文的内容主要是关于水下目标与干扰声学特性的水池半实物仿真系统技术研究。此系统将有助于声自导鱼雷声信号处理技术的研究与发展,为声自导鱼雷从接收信号中提取目标的动态特征提供有效的研究和实验方法。
作者对水下目标的声散射研究主要包括三个方面:第一,浅海坏境下的具有复杂几何外形的目标回声的数学模型的建立与数值求解方法。第二,计算和模拟目标与鱼雷之间的相对运动对目标声学特性以及回波结构的影响。第三,水池中的水下目标声学特性与噪声信号的动态模拟方法研究。
在浅海环境中,由于存在海底海面上下两个界面的反射作用,使得目标的回波结构复杂化。即使不考虑海底海面的多次反射作用,自由空间中的一个回波亮点在浅海信道中也可能会变成六个亮点,其中新增加的五个亮点都与海底反射有关。
为了建立浅海中的目标声散射模型,本文利用几何图形建模软件对潜艇等具有复杂几何外形的目标进行精确建模。然后采用修正的Kirchhoff近似方法计算目标强度。这样就可以利用板块元法加脉冲波形计算的频域间接法从理论上预报任意形状目标的回波结构。在此基础上,本文计算了一个特定外形潜艇的目标强度以及近场回声强度,并模拟了界面对回波结构的影响。
对于运动目标的声学特性的计算,文章将目标散射看作时变的线性系统,可利用板块元法快速计算有相对运动时的目标回波信号。
在目标声散射特性的研究和仿真的基础上,本文设计了一种水池半实物仿真系统方案。利用该系统可动态模拟声自导鱼雷所接收的声信号。基于亮点模型,该系统可以有效的模拟浅海中的目标的声散射回波的时延、幅度、多普勒频移、空间方位等信息,以及目标的这些特征信息随着相对运动而变化的动态过程。
文中的研究结果,将有助于推动自导鱼雷声信号处理新方法的研究。
In this thesis, a project of hardware-in-the-loop pool simulation system for the underwater target acoustic echo sound and disturb signals is presented. This system will be helpful for the research on the homing torpedo acoustic signal processing, especially on the abstraction method for the dynamic characteristics of the target echo sound received by the torpedo.In this thesis, the research on underwater target acoustic scattering is concentrated on three areas. First, the mathematical model and a numerical solve method are established for the echoed sounds, which is produced by the complex underwater targets in the shallow water. Second, the influence on the echo sound characteristics and the received signal structure, which is introduced by the relative movement between the target and the torpedo, is researched using numerical method. Finally, a dynamic pool simulation method for the underwater targets echo sound and disturb signal is presented.In the shallow water, the target echo sound structure will become complex because of the influence of the sea bottom and surface reflection. Even though the reflection times on the interface are no more than twice, one reflecting highlight in the infinite space will be turned into six highlights in the shallow water channel.In order to model the acoustic target scattering in the shallow water, first, the target with any kind of shape, such as a submarine, is modeled by geometric drawing software. Then the target strength is deduced based on the modified Kirchhoff approximation. And finally, an algorithm to predict the echoed sound signal is established using the planar element method and the indirect frequency-domain method. Using a certain submarine as the target, the target strength and the target's echo strength in near field, echo-to-reverberation ratio of bottom and surface and the echoed sound structure are calculated.To simulate the echoed sound signal characteristics of moving target, the
echoed signal can be derived effectively with the planar element method.A project of hardware-in-the-loop pool simulation system is presented in this thesis. Using this system, the acoustic homing torpedo received signals can be simulated dynamically. Based on the highlight model, this system can simulate the time delay, signal strength, Doppler frequency shift and the signal arrival of azimuth for the torpedo receive signal effectively, which are caused by the target movement in the shallow water channel.It is anticipated that the results of this thesis will promote the research on the signal processing for acoustic homing torpedo.
作者对水下目标的声散射研究主要包括三个方面:第一,浅海坏境下的具有复杂几何外形的目标回声的数学模型的建立与数值求解方法。第二,计算和模拟目标与鱼雷之间的相对运动对目标声学特性以及回波结构的影响。第三,水池中的水下目标声学特性与噪声信号的动态模拟方法研究。
在浅海环境中,由于存在海底海面上下两个界面的反射作用,使得目标的回波结构复杂化。即使不考虑海底海面的多次反射作用,自由空间中的一个回波亮点在浅海信道中也可能会变成六个亮点,其中新增加的五个亮点都与海底反射有关。
为了建立浅海中的目标声散射模型,本文利用几何图形建模软件对潜艇等具有复杂几何外形的目标进行精确建模。然后采用修正的Kirchhoff近似方法计算目标强度。这样就可以利用板块元法加脉冲波形计算的频域间接法从理论上预报任意形状目标的回波结构。在此基础上,本文计算了一个特定外形潜艇的目标强度以及近场回声强度,并模拟了界面对回波结构的影响。
对于运动目标的声学特性的计算,文章将目标散射看作时变的线性系统,可利用板块元法快速计算有相对运动时的目标回波信号。
在目标声散射特性的研究和仿真的基础上,本文设计了一种水池半实物仿真系统方案。利用该系统可动态模拟声自导鱼雷所接收的声信号。基于亮点模型,该系统可以有效的模拟浅海中的目标的声散射回波的时延、幅度、多普勒频移、空间方位等信息,以及目标的这些特征信息随着相对运动而变化的动态过程。
文中的研究结果,将有助于推动自导鱼雷声信号处理新方法的研究。
In this thesis, a project of hardware-in-the-loop pool simulation system for the underwater target acoustic echo sound and disturb signals is presented. This system will be helpful for the research on the homing torpedo acoustic signal processing, especially on the abstraction method for the dynamic characteristics of the target echo sound received by the torpedo.In this thesis, the research on underwater target acoustic scattering is concentrated on three areas. First, the mathematical model and a numerical solve method are established for the echoed sounds, which is produced by the complex underwater targets in the shallow water. Second, the influence on the echo sound characteristics and the received signal structure, which is introduced by the relative movement between the target and the torpedo, is researched using numerical method. Finally, a dynamic pool simulation method for the underwater targets echo sound and disturb signal is presented.In the shallow water, the target echo sound structure will become complex because of the influence of the sea bottom and surface reflection. Even though the reflection times on the interface are no more than twice, one reflecting highlight in the infinite space will be turned into six highlights in the shallow water channel.In order to model the acoustic target scattering in the shallow water, first, the target with any kind of shape, such as a submarine, is modeled by geometric drawing software. Then the target strength is deduced based on the modified Kirchhoff approximation. And finally, an algorithm to predict the echoed sound signal is established using the planar element method and the indirect frequency-domain method. Using a certain submarine as the target, the target strength and the target's echo strength in near field, echo-to-reverberation ratio of bottom and surface and the echoed sound structure are calculated.To simulate the echoed sound signal characteristics of moving target, the
echoed signal can be derived effectively with the planar element method.A project of hardware-in-the-loop pool simulation system is presented in this thesis. Using this system, the acoustic homing torpedo received signals can be simulated dynamically. Based on the highlight model, this system can simulate the time delay, signal strength, Doppler frequency shift and the signal arrival of azimuth for the torpedo receive signal effectively, which are caused by the target movement in the shallow water channel.It is anticipated that the results of this thesis will promote the research on the signal processing for acoustic homing torpedo.
引文
[1] 朴胜春,张红星.目标与干扰声学特性水池动态模拟技术.国防科技报告.2004年7月
[2] 布列霍夫斯基赫.分层介质中的波.科学出版社.1960年:230-232页
[3] 范军.水下复杂目标回声特性研究.上海交通大学博士论文.2001
[4] 杨士莪.声波在物体上衍射的高频近似.中国船舶科技报告.哈尔滨工程大学.1994
[5] 汤渭霖.用物理声学方法计算界面附近日标的回波.声学学报.1999.Vol.24,No1
[6] 范敏毅,惠俊英.界面参数估计及传播损失的射线声学预报.声学学报.2000.Vol.25,No.6
[7] 惠俊英.水下声信道:90-96页,国防工业出版社
[8] 何祚镛,赵玉芳,声学理论基础,国防工业出版社
[9] 沈杰罗夫著.何祚镛,赵晋英译.水声学波动问题.国防工业出版社.1983
[10] W.S. Rayleigh, The Theory of Sound, Dover, New York, 1945
[11] 汤渭霖.奇异点展开法(SEM)与共振散射理论(RST)之间的联系.声学学报.1991,16(3),:199-208页
[12] 李秀坤,杨士莪.水下目标特性研究.声学技术,1999;增刊:51-52
[13] 范军,汤渭霖.声呐目标强度(TS)计算的板块元方法.声学技术,1999;增刊:31-32页
[14] 杨保生主编.鱼雷总体设计手册.船总七0五所、船总综合技术经济研究院,1996
[15] 徐海亭等.水下目标的回声特性.中国船舶科技报告,中科院声学所北站.1995
[16] 赵日昌.潜艇反射物理模型和数学模型.中国船舶科技报告,760所,1995
[17] 马忠诚,范景理.水下模型散射声场模型.中国船舶科技报告,760所,1995
[18] Shuozhong Wang, finite-difference time-domain approach to acoustic scattering problems, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 1996, 99(4), 1924-1931p
[19] ALAN V.OPPENHEIM.信号与系统.西安交通大学出版社,1995
[20] 陈怀琛.MATLAB语言在电子信息课程中的应用.电子工业出版社
[21] 张红星,朴胜春.浅海目标特性的动态模拟.声学技术增刊,第23卷,2004
[22] 李烽.PD雷达半实物系统仿真.西北工业大学学报,2002
[23] 王新晓.自导系统仿真建模及仿真系统研究.西北工业大学硕士论文
[24] 吴重光等编.仿真技术.北京化学工业出版社.2000
[25] R.J.URICK著,洪中译.水声原理.哈尔滨船舶工程学院出版社.1990年:96页
[2] 布列霍夫斯基赫.分层介质中的波.科学出版社.1960年:230-232页
[3] 范军.水下复杂目标回声特性研究.上海交通大学博士论文.2001
[4] 杨士莪.声波在物体上衍射的高频近似.中国船舶科技报告.哈尔滨工程大学.1994
[5] 汤渭霖.用物理声学方法计算界面附近日标的回波.声学学报.1999.Vol.24,No1
[6] 范敏毅,惠俊英.界面参数估计及传播损失的射线声学预报.声学学报.2000.Vol.25,No.6
[7] 惠俊英.水下声信道:90-96页,国防工业出版社
[8] 何祚镛,赵玉芳,声学理论基础,国防工业出版社
[9] 沈杰罗夫著.何祚镛,赵晋英译.水声学波动问题.国防工业出版社.1983
[10] W.S. Rayleigh, The Theory of Sound, Dover, New York, 1945
[11] 汤渭霖.奇异点展开法(SEM)与共振散射理论(RST)之间的联系.声学学报.1991,16(3),:199-208页
[12] 李秀坤,杨士莪.水下目标特性研究.声学技术,1999;增刊:51-52
[13] 范军,汤渭霖.声呐目标强度(TS)计算的板块元方法.声学技术,1999;增刊:31-32页
[14] 杨保生主编.鱼雷总体设计手册.船总七0五所、船总综合技术经济研究院,1996
[15] 徐海亭等.水下目标的回声特性.中国船舶科技报告,中科院声学所北站.1995
[16] 赵日昌.潜艇反射物理模型和数学模型.中国船舶科技报告,760所,1995
[17] 马忠诚,范景理.水下模型散射声场模型.中国船舶科技报告,760所,1995
[18] Shuozhong Wang, finite-difference time-domain approach to acoustic scattering problems, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 1996, 99(4), 1924-1931p
[19] ALAN V.OPPENHEIM.信号与系统.西安交通大学出版社,1995
[20] 陈怀琛.MATLAB语言在电子信息课程中的应用.电子工业出版社
[21] 张红星,朴胜春.浅海目标特性的动态模拟.声学技术增刊,第23卷,2004
[22] 李烽.PD雷达半实物系统仿真.西北工业大学学报,2002
[23] 王新晓.自导系统仿真建模及仿真系统研究.西北工业大学硕士论文
[24] 吴重光等编.仿真技术.北京化学工业出版社.2000
[25] R.J.URICK著,洪中译.水声原理.哈尔滨船舶工程学院出版社.1990年:96页