智能型复合膜中水处理工艺技术的实验研究
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摘要
目前,我国水资源短缺与水环境污染日益加重是水资源领域面临的重要问题,污水处理后实现中水回用是目前缓解问题的主要方法。针对城市综合污水的特点,本实验研究以膜生物反应器工艺为核心,在一体式好氧处理的基础上,结合序批式的操作方式,进行了系统运行总体效能的研究,出水水质满足《GB/T 18920-2002城市杂用水水质标准》,且该工艺在实际中水回用工程中具有一定的经济、社会及环境效益。
本实验在第一阶段采用中空纤维超滤膜,建立由PLC智能控制的一体式好氧膜生物反应器(MBR)系统,针对城市污水处理效果进行实验研究。结果表明:系统出水稳定水质良好,抗负荷冲击能力强。在膜生物反应器中生物降解对COD、氨氮和磷等污染物的去除起主要作用,而膜的截留作用对维持稳定的系统出水也起到了重要作用。
第二阶段实验以序批式双反应器SBMBR工艺系统为研究对象,对城市污水的处理效果进行了实验研究.结果表明:系统对COD、氨氮和磷等的去除良好,最终膜出水水质满足生活杂用水回用标准;该系统工艺采用膜过滤取代序批式工艺中的沉淀和排水阶段,简化了传统SBR工艺,同时强化了脱氮除磷能力,试验中反应器内混合液的污泥沉降性能及活性始终保持良好。
实验分析了水力反冲洗、超声波清洗。化学清洗、空曝气四种膜清洗方式对减缓膜污染的影响,研究了膜污染的形成机理。实验结果表明:膜污染在系统运行初期以膜孔的堵塞为主要污染,之后膜面沉积层的形成控制膜的过滤压差。水力反洗、超声波间歇清洗和空曝气主要去除膜面沉积层的污染,化学清洗可消除因膜孔堵塞引起的污染。
对MBR系统处理城市污水的的成本进行分析和概算,探讨影响成本费用的因素,结果表明系统不仅具有较好的经济效益,还具有一定的社会效益和环境效益。
Water shortage and water pollution are the main promblems we facing in the area of global water resource,also the challenges we facing in the process of China's rapid economic growth. Sewage water reuse is the important method to alleviate the water resource shortage. For the characteristics of urban sewage, this experimental study with membrane bioreactor technology as the core, carried out the experiment of the operation efficiency,and the effluent quality could reach the requirement of Reuse of Urban Recycling Water-Water Quality Standard for Urban Miscellaneous Water Consumption(GB/T18920-2002),having social and environmental benefits of actual reused water project.
A pilot—scale aerobic membrane bioreactor was operated to treat urban sewage and controlled automatically by PLC, taking the hollow fiber membrane module. The result indicated the effluent obtained was stable and excellent. In the membrane bioreactor sludge, active sewage sludge plays a major role in the removal of COD and ammonia nitrogen, phosphorus, while membrane separation played an important role on maintaining the stability of system effluent.
Simultaneous phosphorus and nitrogen removal performance was investigated by taking a self-designed SBMBR, and researched on the SBMBR process's treatment effect of urban sewage. The results showed the traditional SBR was simplified by replacing the stage of precipitation and drainage with membrane filtration, strengthening the capacity of nitrogen and phosphors removal,and the blending in the reactor maintains favorable sludge settle ability through the experiment.
The operational conditions on the membrane fouling were experimented as well as water backwash, ultrasonic cleaning, chemical washing and net aeration, and the formation mechanism of membrane fouling was researched. The result showed: the membrane fouling in initial time mainly caused by membrane pore plugging, and then sedimentary layer gradually formed and controlled membrane filtration pressure. Water backwash, ultrasonic cleaning and net aeration mainly remove the membrane surface sedimentary pollution, while chemical cleaning can eliminate the internal pollution due to membrane pore plugging.
The cost of MBR process for urban sewage treatment was analysised and estimated,and the factors influencing cost were discussed. It is indicated that the reclaimed water treatment technology of MBR not only has the good economic efficiency, but also has some social and environmental benefits.
本实验在第一阶段采用中空纤维超滤膜,建立由PLC智能控制的一体式好氧膜生物反应器(MBR)系统,针对城市污水处理效果进行实验研究。结果表明:系统出水稳定水质良好,抗负荷冲击能力强。在膜生物反应器中生物降解对COD、氨氮和磷等污染物的去除起主要作用,而膜的截留作用对维持稳定的系统出水也起到了重要作用。
第二阶段实验以序批式双反应器SBMBR工艺系统为研究对象,对城市污水的处理效果进行了实验研究.结果表明:系统对COD、氨氮和磷等的去除良好,最终膜出水水质满足生活杂用水回用标准;该系统工艺采用膜过滤取代序批式工艺中的沉淀和排水阶段,简化了传统SBR工艺,同时强化了脱氮除磷能力,试验中反应器内混合液的污泥沉降性能及活性始终保持良好。
实验分析了水力反冲洗、超声波清洗。化学清洗、空曝气四种膜清洗方式对减缓膜污染的影响,研究了膜污染的形成机理。实验结果表明:膜污染在系统运行初期以膜孔的堵塞为主要污染,之后膜面沉积层的形成控制膜的过滤压差。水力反洗、超声波间歇清洗和空曝气主要去除膜面沉积层的污染,化学清洗可消除因膜孔堵塞引起的污染。
对MBR系统处理城市污水的的成本进行分析和概算,探讨影响成本费用的因素,结果表明系统不仅具有较好的经济效益,还具有一定的社会效益和环境效益。
Water shortage and water pollution are the main promblems we facing in the area of global water resource,also the challenges we facing in the process of China's rapid economic growth. Sewage water reuse is the important method to alleviate the water resource shortage. For the characteristics of urban sewage, this experimental study with membrane bioreactor technology as the core, carried out the experiment of the operation efficiency,and the effluent quality could reach the requirement of Reuse of Urban Recycling Water-Water Quality Standard for Urban Miscellaneous Water Consumption(GB/T18920-2002),having social and environmental benefits of actual reused water project.
A pilot—scale aerobic membrane bioreactor was operated to treat urban sewage and controlled automatically by PLC, taking the hollow fiber membrane module. The result indicated the effluent obtained was stable and excellent. In the membrane bioreactor sludge, active sewage sludge plays a major role in the removal of COD and ammonia nitrogen, phosphorus, while membrane separation played an important role on maintaining the stability of system effluent.
Simultaneous phosphorus and nitrogen removal performance was investigated by taking a self-designed SBMBR, and researched on the SBMBR process's treatment effect of urban sewage. The results showed the traditional SBR was simplified by replacing the stage of precipitation and drainage with membrane filtration, strengthening the capacity of nitrogen and phosphors removal,and the blending in the reactor maintains favorable sludge settle ability through the experiment.
The operational conditions on the membrane fouling were experimented as well as water backwash, ultrasonic cleaning, chemical washing and net aeration, and the formation mechanism of membrane fouling was researched. The result showed: the membrane fouling in initial time mainly caused by membrane pore plugging, and then sedimentary layer gradually formed and controlled membrane filtration pressure. Water backwash, ultrasonic cleaning and net aeration mainly remove the membrane surface sedimentary pollution, while chemical cleaning can eliminate the internal pollution due to membrane pore plugging.
The cost of MBR process for urban sewage treatment was analysised and estimated,and the factors influencing cost were discussed. It is indicated that the reclaimed water treatment technology of MBR not only has the good economic efficiency, but also has some social and environmental benefits.
引文
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[2]牟全君.我国10万t/d以下城市污水处理工艺[J].环境污染治理设备与技术,2006,7(3):96～100
[3]肖锦.城市污水处理及回用技术[M].化学工业出版社,2002
[4]尹军,陈雷,王鹤立.城市污水的资源再生及热能回收利用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2003
[5]顾国维,何义亮编著.膜生物反应器一在污水处理中的研究和应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2002.
[6] Smith C.V.,Gregorio D.O,and Talcott R.M.The use of ultra filtration membranes for activated sludge separation.Proc 24rdInd.Waste Conf,Purdue University Ann Arbor Science,Ann Arbor, U.S.A.1969,1300-1310
[7] Hard F.W.,Clesceri L.S.,Nemerow N.L.and Washington D.R.Solids separation by ultrafiltration for concentrated activated sludge,J.Wat. Pollut.Control Fed.,1970,42:2135-2148
[8] Tom Stephenson,Simon Judd,Bruce Jefferson and Keith Brindle.Membrane bioreactor for wastewater treatment [M].IWA Publishing,2000.
[9] Yamamoto K,Hiasa M.,Mahamood t and Matsua T.Direct solid-liquid separation using hollow fiber membrane in an activated sludge aeration tank.Wat.Sci.Tech.,1989,21:43-54.
[10]岑运华.膜生物反应器在污水处理中的应用.水处理技术.1991,17(5):319-323.
[11] Gnirss R.and Dittrich J.Microfiltration of municipal wastewater for disinfection and advanced phosphorus removal:results from trials with different small-scale pilot plants.War. Environ.Res,2002,72(5):602—609.
[12] Cote P.Buisson H.Pound C,and Arakaki G .Immersed membrane activated sludge for the reuse of municipal wastewater. Desalination,1997,113(2-3):189-196.
[13] Cote P.,Buisson H and Praderie M.Immersed membrane activated sludge process applied to the treatment of municipal wastewater.Wat.Sci.Tech,1998,38(4-5):437-442.
[14]跃莲,刘忠洲。膜生物反应器在废水处理中的应用.水处理技术,1999,25(2):63-69.
[15]邢传宏,钱易等.错流式膜.生物反应处理生活污水及其生物学研究.环境科学,1997,18(6):23-26.
[16]赵英,白晓琴,高飞亚等.膜生物反应器在污水处理中的研究进展[J].中国给水排水,2004,20(12):33-36
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