一种整流增效风力机的研究
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摘要
垂直轴风力发电机在风力发电领域里有广泛的应用,目前的垂直轴风力发电机主要可分为两种主要类型:一类是是利用空气的阻力做功,典型的结构是萨瓦里欧斯型风机。另一类是利用翼型的升力做功,典型的是达里厄型风机。但是目前的垂直轴风力机由于设计结构等原因,风能利用系数普遍低于水平轴风力机。
为提高垂直轴风能利用系数,本文提出了一种新型垂直轴风力机模型。该模型通过风流整流装置来调节风流方向,减小作用在风力机叶片上的阻力扭矩,并通过风流增速原理提高作用在叶片上的风速,从而提高风力机的能量转换效率。该风力机结构紧凑;采用整流罩增速,可以减小风力机组增速器的增速比,甚至可以取消增速器;风能利用系数高;具有较好的应用前景。
论文分析了该风力机的增效原理和影响增效性能的主要结构参数,建立了优化结构参数的模型和优化流程。选用Fluent软件,完成了风力机导流板数量、叶片数量等参数对风能利用系数影响的分析研究。通过计算分析整流罩内部风流的速度场、压力场的分布,探讨了整流装置的增效机理,证明了所提出的风力机提高风能利用系数的可行性。通过分析计算,获得了不同导流板数量和叶片数量组合下的C p?λ曲线。在此基础上,优化了风力机导流板数量和叶片数量的优化组合,结果表明:采用3叶片叶轮和6导流板的整流罩可以获得最佳风能利用系数。
在上述仿真分析研究的基础上,完成了整流式风力机组实验样机的设计与制造,完成了发电机的设计计算,研制出一台整流式风力发电机组原理样机,初步实验表明:该样机运行平稳,噪声小,转速明显提高。
There are a wide range of applications of the vertical axis wind turbines in wind power generation, the current vertical axis wind turbine can mainly be divided into two types: one is using the air resistance acting, the typical structure of this kind is the Savonius turbine. The other is using the air lift acting, the typical structure of this kind is the Darrieus turbine. Due to the structural design and other reasons, its power coefficient is generally lower than the horizontal axis wind turbine.
To enhance the power coefficient of vertical axis wind turbine, this paper presents a new type of vertical axis wind turbine model. The model can enhance the energy conversion efficiency of wind turbines by using the rectifier to adjust the direction and enlarge the velocity of the wind , reducing the resistance torque on the wind turbine rotor blade. With the wind flow recitfier, the structure of the wind turbine is compact, and it can improve the rate of the wind velocity in the leaves, which can reduce the rate of the accelerator speed-up, or even cancel the accelerator. The wind energy utilization coefficient is high. And it has good application prospects.
The thesis analyzes the principles of the wind turbine efficiency enhancement and the structure parameters which impact the performance of the efficiency enhancement, and a model is established to optimize the structure parameters. With the Fluent software, the thesis studied the velocity field and the pressure field distribution of the airflow inside the rectifier, the mechanism of power efficiency enhancement by rectifier is discussed, which testifies the feasibility of efficiency enhancement of the proposed wind turbine. The C p?λcurves are obtained under the combinations of different combinations of different deflector numbers and impeller numbers. An optimized result is selected. The results show that the wind turbine with 3 impellers and 6 deflector plates can reach the highest power coefficient.
Completing the design and manufacture of the experimental prototype of the rectification-type wind turbine based on the above simulation analysis. And completing design and calculation of the generator, developed a prototype of the rectifier-type wind turbine. Preliminary experiments show that the prototype is running smoothly, with low noise and the rate of the speed has improved significantly.
为提高垂直轴风能利用系数,本文提出了一种新型垂直轴风力机模型。该模型通过风流整流装置来调节风流方向,减小作用在风力机叶片上的阻力扭矩,并通过风流增速原理提高作用在叶片上的风速,从而提高风力机的能量转换效率。该风力机结构紧凑;采用整流罩增速,可以减小风力机组增速器的增速比,甚至可以取消增速器;风能利用系数高;具有较好的应用前景。
论文分析了该风力机的增效原理和影响增效性能的主要结构参数,建立了优化结构参数的模型和优化流程。选用Fluent软件,完成了风力机导流板数量、叶片数量等参数对风能利用系数影响的分析研究。通过计算分析整流罩内部风流的速度场、压力场的分布,探讨了整流装置的增效机理,证明了所提出的风力机提高风能利用系数的可行性。通过分析计算,获得了不同导流板数量和叶片数量组合下的C p?λ曲线。在此基础上,优化了风力机导流板数量和叶片数量的优化组合,结果表明:采用3叶片叶轮和6导流板的整流罩可以获得最佳风能利用系数。
在上述仿真分析研究的基础上,完成了整流式风力机组实验样机的设计与制造,完成了发电机的设计计算,研制出一台整流式风力发电机组原理样机,初步实验表明:该样机运行平稳,噪声小,转速明显提高。
There are a wide range of applications of the vertical axis wind turbines in wind power generation, the current vertical axis wind turbine can mainly be divided into two types: one is using the air resistance acting, the typical structure of this kind is the Savonius turbine. The other is using the air lift acting, the typical structure of this kind is the Darrieus turbine. Due to the structural design and other reasons, its power coefficient is generally lower than the horizontal axis wind turbine.
To enhance the power coefficient of vertical axis wind turbine, this paper presents a new type of vertical axis wind turbine model. The model can enhance the energy conversion efficiency of wind turbines by using the rectifier to adjust the direction and enlarge the velocity of the wind , reducing the resistance torque on the wind turbine rotor blade. With the wind flow recitfier, the structure of the wind turbine is compact, and it can improve the rate of the wind velocity in the leaves, which can reduce the rate of the accelerator speed-up, or even cancel the accelerator. The wind energy utilization coefficient is high. And it has good application prospects.
The thesis analyzes the principles of the wind turbine efficiency enhancement and the structure parameters which impact the performance of the efficiency enhancement, and a model is established to optimize the structure parameters. With the Fluent software, the thesis studied the velocity field and the pressure field distribution of the airflow inside the rectifier, the mechanism of power efficiency enhancement by rectifier is discussed, which testifies the feasibility of efficiency enhancement of the proposed wind turbine. The C p?λcurves are obtained under the combinations of different combinations of different deflector numbers and impeller numbers. An optimized result is selected. The results show that the wind turbine with 3 impellers and 6 deflector plates can reach the highest power coefficient.
Completing the design and manufacture of the experimental prototype of the rectification-type wind turbine based on the above simulation analysis. And completing design and calculation of the generator, developed a prototype of the rectifier-type wind turbine. Preliminary experiments show that the prototype is running smoothly, with low noise and the rate of the speed has improved significantly.
引文
1邱兴克.风力发电机三维建模与分析.新疆大学硕士论文. 2006: 1~2
2王永维. 600W浓缩风能型风力发电机组性能的实验研究.内蒙古农业大学硕士论文. 2001,4~7
3 2006年中国可再生能源市场分析及投资咨询报告[EB/OL]. http://www.ocn.com.cn/reports/2006067kezaishengnengyuan.htm.2006.1/2007.3.1
4刁明光.浓缩风能型风力发电机组系列风轮的理论设计与风洞实验.内蒙古农业大学硕士论文. 1999,4~7
5田德,郭凤祥,刘树民.浓缩风能型风力发电机组的研究.农牧业可持续发展与环境保护中日双边国际学术讨论会文集.内蒙古文化出版社. 1998:211~216
6陈云程,陈孝耀,朱成名编.风力机设计与应用[M].上海科学技术出版社. 1990:1~51
7 D.A. Spera. Wind Turbine Technology. 2nd Printing. ASME PRESS. 1995:1~24
8 The European Wind Energy Association,Green peace International. Wind Force
12.2002. http ://www .gwec.net/index.php?id=45. 2006.11.5
9何焱.风力发电走向海洋――浅淡离岸风力发电厂的经济价值与商业优势.中国新能源. 2005,(11):7~10
10廖康平.垂直轴风机叶轮空气动力学性能研究.哈尔滨工程大学硕士论文. 2006:5~7
11李晓燕,余志.海上风力发电进展.太阳能学报. 2004,25:78~83
12贺德馨.风能技术发展中的几个问题.世界科技研究与发展. 2003,8(25)5:44~48
13盖晓玲,田德,王海宽,韩巧丽,徐丽娜,王利俊.风力发电机叶片技术的发展概况与趋势.农村牧区机械化. 2006,4: 53~56
14 Vann Charless. Magnetically Levitated Windmill. America , US6700216 ,2004~03~02
15 A.Hamler, V.Gorican. Passive magnetic bearing. Journal of magnetism and magnetic Materials. 2004,2379~2380
16 Roberto Bassani. Stability of permanent Magnet Bearings under Parametric Excitations. Tribology Transactions. 2005,10:457~463
17杨慧杰,杨文通.小型垂直轴风力发电机在国外的新发展.电力需求侧管理. 2007,9:68~70
18杜朝辉.水平轴风力机的几个关键气动问题探讨.上海汽轮机. 2002,1:30~35
19张春莲.浓缩风能型风力发电机组风轮的风洞实验与研究.内蒙古农业大学硕士学位论文. 1998:4~5
20 V·Daniel Hunt编.内蒙古机械工业经济技术情报研究所编译.风能设备手册[M]. 1985:2~10
21田德,陈松利,王海宽. 200W浓缩风能型风力发电机组的研究与实证试验. 22届风能利用学术研讨会论文集.日本东京. 2000,16:150~153
22杜朝辉.水平轴风力机的几个关键气动问题探讨.上海汽轮机. 2002,1:30~35
23 B.D. Altan,Mehmet Atilgan,Aydogan Ozdamar. An experimental study on improvement of a Savonius rotor performance with curtaining. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science. 2008,32:1673~1678
24中国垂直轴风力发电机组试验基地在内蒙化德县落成启用[EB/OL]. http://www.sina.com. 2006.7.31
25【新能源装备】1.5兆瓦垂直轴永磁风力发电机在南阳诞生http://bbs.dahe.cn/bbs/thread-841359-1-1 .html
26蒋超奇,严强.水平轴与垂直轴风力发电机的比较研究.上海电力. 2007,2:163~165
27 B.K.KIRKE. Evaluation of Self-strating Vertical Axis Wind Turbines for Stand-Alone Applications. Doctor of Philosophy. GRIFFTH UNIVERSUITY. 1988,4:20~25
28张维智,李方洲.小型水平轴风力发电机风洞实验.风力发电. 2004,1:25~30
29张国铭.论建造兆瓦级垂直轴式风力发电机组的合理性.水利电力施工机械. 1995,4:32~36.
30李德孚.我国小型风力发电行业2006年发展概况及建议.可再生能源. 2007,4:2~5
31陈云程.风力机设计与应用.上海:上海科学技术出版社. 1990:95-103
32张春友.新型300W风力发电机叶轮力学性能的实验研究.内蒙古农业大学硕士论文. 2008,5:5~8
33 Betz,A. Das maximum der theoretisch moglichen ausnutzung durch windmotoren. Zeitschrift das gesamte Turbinewessen. 1920:307~309
34 [法]D·勒古里雷斯(著),施鹏飞(译).风力机的理论与设计.北京:机械工业出版社. 1987:31~33
35叶杭冶.风力发电机组的控制技术.北京:机械工业出版社. 2006:11~13
36李庆宜.小型风力机设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社. 1986:33-34
37王福军.计算流体动力学分析—CFD软件原理与应用.北京:清华大学出版社. 2006:116~119
38 Alexander N. Gorban’,Alexander M. Gorlov,Valentin M. Silantyev. Limits ofthe Turbine Efficiency for Free Fluid Flow. Energy Resources Technology. 2001,123:313-317
39 J.L.Menet. A double-step Savonius rotors for local production of electricity. A design study. Renewable Energy. 2004,29:1834-1862
40唐任远.现代永磁电机理论与设计.北京:机械工业出版社. 1994:292~307
2王永维. 600W浓缩风能型风力发电机组性能的实验研究.内蒙古农业大学硕士论文. 2001,4~7
3 2006年中国可再生能源市场分析及投资咨询报告[EB/OL]. http://www.ocn.com.cn/reports/2006067kezaishengnengyuan.htm.2006.1/2007.3.1
4刁明光.浓缩风能型风力发电机组系列风轮的理论设计与风洞实验.内蒙古农业大学硕士论文. 1999,4~7
5田德,郭凤祥,刘树民.浓缩风能型风力发电机组的研究.农牧业可持续发展与环境保护中日双边国际学术讨论会文集.内蒙古文化出版社. 1998:211~216
6陈云程,陈孝耀,朱成名编.风力机设计与应用[M].上海科学技术出版社. 1990:1~51
7 D.A. Spera. Wind Turbine Technology. 2nd Printing. ASME PRESS. 1995:1~24
8 The European Wind Energy Association,Green peace International. Wind Force
12.2002. http ://www .gwec.net/index.php?id=45. 2006.11.5
9何焱.风力发电走向海洋――浅淡离岸风力发电厂的经济价值与商业优势.中国新能源. 2005,(11):7~10
10廖康平.垂直轴风机叶轮空气动力学性能研究.哈尔滨工程大学硕士论文. 2006:5~7
11李晓燕,余志.海上风力发电进展.太阳能学报. 2004,25:78~83
12贺德馨.风能技术发展中的几个问题.世界科技研究与发展. 2003,8(25)5:44~48
13盖晓玲,田德,王海宽,韩巧丽,徐丽娜,王利俊.风力发电机叶片技术的发展概况与趋势.农村牧区机械化. 2006,4: 53~56
14 Vann Charless. Magnetically Levitated Windmill. America , US6700216 ,2004~03~02
15 A.Hamler, V.Gorican. Passive magnetic bearing. Journal of magnetism and magnetic Materials. 2004,2379~2380
16 Roberto Bassani. Stability of permanent Magnet Bearings under Parametric Excitations. Tribology Transactions. 2005,10:457~463
17杨慧杰,杨文通.小型垂直轴风力发电机在国外的新发展.电力需求侧管理. 2007,9:68~70
18杜朝辉.水平轴风力机的几个关键气动问题探讨.上海汽轮机. 2002,1:30~35
19张春莲.浓缩风能型风力发电机组风轮的风洞实验与研究.内蒙古农业大学硕士学位论文. 1998:4~5
20 V·Daniel Hunt编.内蒙古机械工业经济技术情报研究所编译.风能设备手册[M]. 1985:2~10
21田德,陈松利,王海宽. 200W浓缩风能型风力发电机组的研究与实证试验. 22届风能利用学术研讨会论文集.日本东京. 2000,16:150~153
22杜朝辉.水平轴风力机的几个关键气动问题探讨.上海汽轮机. 2002,1:30~35
23 B.D. Altan,Mehmet Atilgan,Aydogan Ozdamar. An experimental study on improvement of a Savonius rotor performance with curtaining. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science. 2008,32:1673~1678
24中国垂直轴风力发电机组试验基地在内蒙化德县落成启用[EB/OL]. http://www.sina.com. 2006.7.31
25【新能源装备】1.5兆瓦垂直轴永磁风力发电机在南阳诞生http://bbs.dahe.cn/bbs/thread-841359-1-1 .html
26蒋超奇,严强.水平轴与垂直轴风力发电机的比较研究.上海电力. 2007,2:163~165
27 B.K.KIRKE. Evaluation of Self-strating Vertical Axis Wind Turbines for Stand-Alone Applications. Doctor of Philosophy. GRIFFTH UNIVERSUITY. 1988,4:20~25
28张维智,李方洲.小型水平轴风力发电机风洞实验.风力发电. 2004,1:25~30
29张国铭.论建造兆瓦级垂直轴式风力发电机组的合理性.水利电力施工机械. 1995,4:32~36.
30李德孚.我国小型风力发电行业2006年发展概况及建议.可再生能源. 2007,4:2~5
31陈云程.风力机设计与应用.上海:上海科学技术出版社. 1990:95-103
32张春友.新型300W风力发电机叶轮力学性能的实验研究.内蒙古农业大学硕士论文. 2008,5:5~8
33 Betz,A. Das maximum der theoretisch moglichen ausnutzung durch windmotoren. Zeitschrift das gesamte Turbinewessen. 1920:307~309
34 [法]D·勒古里雷斯(著),施鹏飞(译).风力机的理论与设计.北京:机械工业出版社. 1987:31~33
35叶杭冶.风力发电机组的控制技术.北京:机械工业出版社. 2006:11~13
36李庆宜.小型风力机设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社. 1986:33-34
37王福军.计算流体动力学分析—CFD软件原理与应用.北京:清华大学出版社. 2006:116~119
38 Alexander N. Gorban’,Alexander M. Gorlov,Valentin M. Silantyev. Limits ofthe Turbine Efficiency for Free Fluid Flow. Energy Resources Technology. 2001,123:313-317
39 J.L.Menet. A double-step Savonius rotors for local production of electricity. A design study. Renewable Energy. 2004,29:1834-1862
40唐任远.现代永磁电机理论与设计.北京:机械工业出版社. 1994:292~307