中硅钼球铁排气管材料的试验研究
摘要
作为汽车重要部件的发动机排气管,是典型的薄壁复杂铸件。排气管在发动机工作过程中,承受着高温高压的循环冲击,工作条件恶劣,因此排气管铸件的质量要求很高,尤其是它的耐高温性能。目前,排气管铸件多采用灰铸铁,蠕墨铸铁,普通球铁,高镍铸铁等材料,随着人们对环保意识和法规的提升,灰铸铁,蠕铁材料已不能满足发动机的排放使用性能要求,而球铁由于变形因素较少适于排气管上应用,因此具有中高温综合性能和适宜价格的硅钼球墨铸铁正逐渐取代其它排气管材料。
本论文是对中硅钼球铁排气管材质的研制。试验根据江铃铸造厂的技术要求,采用盖包法球化处理工艺进行球化处理,通过对A、B、C三种类型球化、孕育剂进行选型,并选择适宜化学成份、调整孕育剂加入量及钼含量等参数进行试验。为获得低碳化物、低珠光体组织,进行有针对性地调整及优化,寻求最佳的制备工艺参数,以稳定地生产出高性能铸态铁素体硅钼球墨铸铁。
根据试验结果,我们将A球化及孕育剂投入生产验证并取得了成功。通过小批量试产验证,我们制造出了合格的中硅钼球墨铸铁排气管,可以投入批量生产。通过本课题的研究,我们得到如下结论:
(1) A球化及孕育剂在生产上有较大的适应性,其处理后的球墨铸铁的组织及性能最好,其中球化率稳定在85%以上。
(2)增加孕育剂的加入量,当加入量为1.8%,使用多次孕育手段时,可以使球铁组织中珠光休及碳化物含量显著降低,得到分布均匀、细小的球状石墨组织。
(3)铸件的冷却速度对组织中的珠光体及碳化物含量有影响。快速冷却可以有效降低碳化物含量。
(4)中硅钼球墨铸铁排气管批量试产获得了成功,其性能指标达到了江铃铸造厂要求。试产所获得的最佳综合性能:球化率约90%,珠光体量约5%,碳化物量约1%;抗拉强度630MPa,屈服强度514 MPa,延伸率15%,硬度236HB。
As a key component of engine, the exhaust pipe is a typical complex casting with thin wall. During the engine operation, the exhaust pipe suffers from circulate shock of high temperature and high gas Pressure. Thereofre, the exhaust pipe must have a high quality, in particular its high temperature properties. At present, the exhaust pipe is made of gray casting iron, vermicular graphite cast iron, ductile iron, high-nickel cast iron materials generally. With the improving of the people's awareness of environmental protection laws and regulations , gray casting iron and vermicular graphite cast iron can not meet the engine's emission performance requirements , and ductile iron is less suitable for the application of the exhaust pipe because of the deformation. Therefore, silicon and molybdenum ductile iron has a high temperature in the comprehensive performance and appropriate price of molybdenum silicon iron is gradually substituted for other materials of exhaust pipe.
The paper is to complete the development of the material of the silicon molybdenum ductile iron exhaust pipe. According to the technical requirements of the Jiangling's foundry, the experiement adopted Tundish-cover pour-over nodulizing process, selected a good nodularizer and inoculant from the A、B、C types, and adoped the suitable chemical composition, adjusted the addition of inoculant and the Mo Content and other parameters of the trial. In order to obtain low-carbon, low-pearlite, seeking for the best possible preparation process parameters to produce stable high performance as-cast silicon molybdenum ductile iron.
According to the results, the trial-produce was successful with A nodularizer and inoculant. Through small batch production verification test, we have a qualified production in the silicon molybdenum ductile iron exhaust pipe to put into mass production. Through the study of the toptic, we have been as follows:
(1) The adaptability of A nodularizer and inoculant in production is great, after its spheroidizing and inoculation treatment, the performance of the ductile iron is the best, and the spheroidization rate also stabilizes above 85%.
(2) With the inoculant content increased to 1.8% and the means of inoculation process, the evenly distributed, small spherical graphite organization of the ductile iron can be abtained, and the mass fraction of pealiear and carbide reduce significantly.
(3) The cooling ratio of the castings greatly impact on the microstructure of the casting, especially the pealiear content and the carbide content. Rapid cooling can effectively reduce the carbon content.
(4) A batch trial-produce of Si-Mo ductile iron exhaust pipe has been successful. We have obtained the optimum comprehensive properies: the spheroidization rate is about 90%, the pearlite content is about 5%, the carbide content is about 5%, the tensile strength is 630MPa, the yield strength is 514 MPa, the elongation is 15%, the hardness is 236HB.
本论文是对中硅钼球铁排气管材质的研制。试验根据江铃铸造厂的技术要求,采用盖包法球化处理工艺进行球化处理,通过对A、B、C三种类型球化、孕育剂进行选型,并选择适宜化学成份、调整孕育剂加入量及钼含量等参数进行试验。为获得低碳化物、低珠光体组织,进行有针对性地调整及优化,寻求最佳的制备工艺参数,以稳定地生产出高性能铸态铁素体硅钼球墨铸铁。
根据试验结果,我们将A球化及孕育剂投入生产验证并取得了成功。通过小批量试产验证,我们制造出了合格的中硅钼球墨铸铁排气管,可以投入批量生产。通过本课题的研究,我们得到如下结论:
(1) A球化及孕育剂在生产上有较大的适应性,其处理后的球墨铸铁的组织及性能最好,其中球化率稳定在85%以上。
(2)增加孕育剂的加入量,当加入量为1.8%,使用多次孕育手段时,可以使球铁组织中珠光休及碳化物含量显著降低,得到分布均匀、细小的球状石墨组织。
(3)铸件的冷却速度对组织中的珠光体及碳化物含量有影响。快速冷却可以有效降低碳化物含量。
(4)中硅钼球墨铸铁排气管批量试产获得了成功,其性能指标达到了江铃铸造厂要求。试产所获得的最佳综合性能:球化率约90%,珠光体量约5%,碳化物量约1%;抗拉强度630MPa,屈服强度514 MPa,延伸率15%,硬度236HB。
As a key component of engine, the exhaust pipe is a typical complex casting with thin wall. During the engine operation, the exhaust pipe suffers from circulate shock of high temperature and high gas Pressure. Thereofre, the exhaust pipe must have a high quality, in particular its high temperature properties. At present, the exhaust pipe is made of gray casting iron, vermicular graphite cast iron, ductile iron, high-nickel cast iron materials generally. With the improving of the people's awareness of environmental protection laws and regulations , gray casting iron and vermicular graphite cast iron can not meet the engine's emission performance requirements , and ductile iron is less suitable for the application of the exhaust pipe because of the deformation. Therefore, silicon and molybdenum ductile iron has a high temperature in the comprehensive performance and appropriate price of molybdenum silicon iron is gradually substituted for other materials of exhaust pipe.
The paper is to complete the development of the material of the silicon molybdenum ductile iron exhaust pipe. According to the technical requirements of the Jiangling's foundry, the experiement adopted Tundish-cover pour-over nodulizing process, selected a good nodularizer and inoculant from the A、B、C types, and adoped the suitable chemical composition, adjusted the addition of inoculant and the Mo Content and other parameters of the trial. In order to obtain low-carbon, low-pearlite, seeking for the best possible preparation process parameters to produce stable high performance as-cast silicon molybdenum ductile iron.
According to the results, the trial-produce was successful with A nodularizer and inoculant. Through small batch production verification test, we have a qualified production in the silicon molybdenum ductile iron exhaust pipe to put into mass production. Through the study of the toptic, we have been as follows:
(1) The adaptability of A nodularizer and inoculant in production is great, after its spheroidizing and inoculation treatment, the performance of the ductile iron is the best, and the spheroidization rate also stabilizes above 85%.
(2) With the inoculant content increased to 1.8% and the means of inoculation process, the evenly distributed, small spherical graphite organization of the ductile iron can be abtained, and the mass fraction of pealiear and carbide reduce significantly.
(3) The cooling ratio of the castings greatly impact on the microstructure of the casting, especially the pealiear content and the carbide content. Rapid cooling can effectively reduce the carbon content.
(4) A batch trial-produce of Si-Mo ductile iron exhaust pipe has been successful. We have obtained the optimum comprehensive properies: the spheroidization rate is about 90%, the pearlite content is about 5%, the carbide content is about 5%, the tensile strength is 630MPa, the yield strength is 514 MPa, the elongation is 15%, the hardness is 236HB.
引文
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