矿井安全智能监测无线传感器网络关键技术研究
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摘要
煤矿事故频发,造成了巨大人员伤亡和经济损失,井下安全生产问题已受到了国家高度重视,2011年国家安监总局与煤矿安监局提出了建设矿井安全避险“六大系统”的要求。传统的井下安全监测技术已不能适应当今煤炭生产的需求,迫切需要一种有效的现代自动化的先进监测技术来更新。无线传感器网络(WSN)是一种现代智能自动化的世界最新无线监测网络技术,综合了多个领域的先进技术,具有广泛的应用前景。针对上述情况,论文对煤矿安全智能无线监测采用最新WSN技术进行了探索,研究工作获得了江西省科技支撑计划、自然科学基金和教育厅科技计划三个项目的资助,重点对井下安全监测需要解决WSN的无线通信、传输路由协议、数据去冗和人员定位四个关键技术进行了研究。主要取得了以下一些解决方案和理论方法：
(1)针对煤矿安全监测WSN井下无线通信问题。通过对无线通信介质、短距离无线通信技术和井下监测无线通信特征等进行了研究分析,得出了ZigBee最适合作为井下安全监测WSN的无线通信技术方案。此方案功耗与成本最低、扩展性与可靠性好、速率和时延小、网络容量大、拓扑结构灵活,通过设计节点入网和地址分配方案,验证了ZigBee无线通信技术的可行性。
(2)针对WSN井下安全监测数据无线传输路由问题。对典型路由协议、WSN路由特点和井下安全监测路由需求等进行了分析与研究,通过对APTEEN簇首选举算法及其Sink附近节点负载均衡进行改进,创新设计了一种低转换代价的能量均衡(LRCEB)的高能效的分层路由协议。经NS-2仿真模拟对比,结果验证了新的LRCEB路由协议比APTEEN协议更节能,能耗降低明显,延长了WSN安全监测网络的寿命(降低了成本),井下监测安全性得到了提高。
(3)针对WSN井下安全智能监测信息数据去冗问题。通过对WSN的数据去冗意义及技术、井下安全监测的数据特点及去冗要求、WSN数据融合技术等进行了分析研究,创新设计了一种基于LRCEB路由协议的信息挑选高效能的数据融合(ISEDA)算法。经理论数值分析及MATLAB仿真对比,结果均验证了新算法ISEDA在数据融合方面有更好的数据融合率和节能效果,网络寿命接近是LEACH算法的3倍,提升了WSN井下安全监测数据的可靠性,且具有一定的信息安全性。
(4)针对煤矿安全监测WSN井下人员定位问题。对WSN的定位特点及技术理论、典型定位算法、井下人员定位需求及特征等进行了分析对比和研究,创新设计了一种基于锚节点优化的R-A (RSSI-APIT)混合定位算法。通过模拟测试与MATLAB分析,结果验证了R-A算法达到了预期设计定位效果,且在锚点较少的情况下也具有较好的定位精度,降低了能耗与成本,可满足井下矿工人员的定位要求。
以上研究可为WSN应用于井下安全监测及人员定位跟踪提供理论参考,将加快推进矿井安全监测技术的信息化、自动化与智能化进程,以提升井下安全避险系统的先进性和可靠性,会大幅度提高煤矿生产的安全性。
Rising coal mine accidents have caused huge casualties and economic loss, safety problem of underground coal mine has already aroused attention of the state. In2011, state administration of work safety and state administration of coal mine safety proposed the requirements of mine safety evacuation "six system".Traditional underground safety monitoring technology has not met the demand of mine production, which requires effective automation advanced supervision technology to improve the situation. Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) with wide application prospect integrates advanced technologies in many fields. WSN is a kind of latest automated intelligent wireless monitoring network technology. In view of above situation, the paper which supported by national natural science foundation of China; science&technology pillar program of Jiangxi province of China; science and technology project of department of education of Jiangxi province explored the latest WSN technology which applied in mine safety monitoring, emphasized studied wireless communication, transmission protocol, data redundancy and personnel positioning. The paper mainly obtained some resolving methods and theoretical achievements:
(1)Underground WSN wireless communication of coal mine safety monitoring. Through comparison and analysis wireless communication medium, short distance wireless communication technology and underground monitoring wireless communication characteristics, the paper presents ZigBee wireless communication technology suitable for underground safety monitoring to resolve the problems. The scheme proves that it has the lowest power and cost, excellent scalability and reliability, shortest rate and delay, large network capacity and flexible topology. Through designing network node and address allocation, we proved the feasibility of ZigBee wireless communication technology.
(2)Wireless transmission route of WSN underground safety monitoring data. Through comparison and analysis typical routing protocol, characteristics of WSN routing and safety monitoring routing demand of underground. Through improve APTEEN cluster-head selection algorithm and load balancing of nodes around sink node, the paper put forward a novel energy-efficient hierarchical routing protocol which belongs to low replacement cost energy balancing (LRCEB). By NS-2 simulation, results show that the energy consumption of LRCEB routing protocol is lower than APTEEN protocol; energy consumption obviously reduces, extending the lifetime of WSN safety monitoring network(reduce cost), and improving the safety ability of underground monitoring.
(3)Information data redundant used for underground safety intelligent monitoring in WSN. Through comparison and analysis elimination of data redundancy based on WSN, data characteristics and elimination of data redundancy based on underground safety monitoring and data fusion technology in WSN, the paper put forward a novel algorithm—information selection efficient data-fusion algorithm(ISEDA) based on LRCEB routing protocol. By numerical analysis and MATLAB simulation, the results show that the ISEDA algorithm has obvious advantage in data fusion and energy saving. Network lifetime is three times longer than LEACH algorithm, which verify excellent information security.
(4)WSN personnel positioning of underground monitoring. Through comparison and analysis location characteristics and technology of WSN, typical localization algorithm, underground personnel positioning requirements and characteristics, the paper proposes R-A (RSSI-APIT)hybrid location algorithm based on anchor node optimization. By simulation test, the results show that R-A algorithm after analyzing with MATLAB meets the design requirement. It verifies that R-A algorithm has better positioning effect in less anchor nodes case. At the same time, it reduces energy consumption and cost, which can meet the requirements off mine personnel positioning.
The above research will provide theoretical reference for WSN applied in safety monitoring of underground personnel positioning, will accelerated promote the informatization, automation, intelligence process of coal mine monitoring technology, will promote advanced and reliable of underground safe evacuation systems, greatly improving the safe production of coal mine.
(1)针对煤矿安全监测WSN井下无线通信问题。通过对无线通信介质、短距离无线通信技术和井下监测无线通信特征等进行了研究分析,得出了ZigBee最适合作为井下安全监测WSN的无线通信技术方案。此方案功耗与成本最低、扩展性与可靠性好、速率和时延小、网络容量大、拓扑结构灵活,通过设计节点入网和地址分配方案,验证了ZigBee无线通信技术的可行性。
(2)针对WSN井下安全监测数据无线传输路由问题。对典型路由协议、WSN路由特点和井下安全监测路由需求等进行了分析与研究,通过对APTEEN簇首选举算法及其Sink附近节点负载均衡进行改进,创新设计了一种低转换代价的能量均衡(LRCEB)的高能效的分层路由协议。经NS-2仿真模拟对比,结果验证了新的LRCEB路由协议比APTEEN协议更节能,能耗降低明显,延长了WSN安全监测网络的寿命(降低了成本),井下监测安全性得到了提高。
(3)针对WSN井下安全智能监测信息数据去冗问题。通过对WSN的数据去冗意义及技术、井下安全监测的数据特点及去冗要求、WSN数据融合技术等进行了分析研究,创新设计了一种基于LRCEB路由协议的信息挑选高效能的数据融合(ISEDA)算法。经理论数值分析及MATLAB仿真对比,结果均验证了新算法ISEDA在数据融合方面有更好的数据融合率和节能效果,网络寿命接近是LEACH算法的3倍,提升了WSN井下安全监测数据的可靠性,且具有一定的信息安全性。
(4)针对煤矿安全监测WSN井下人员定位问题。对WSN的定位特点及技术理论、典型定位算法、井下人员定位需求及特征等进行了分析对比和研究,创新设计了一种基于锚节点优化的R-A (RSSI-APIT)混合定位算法。通过模拟测试与MATLAB分析,结果验证了R-A算法达到了预期设计定位效果,且在锚点较少的情况下也具有较好的定位精度,降低了能耗与成本,可满足井下矿工人员的定位要求。
以上研究可为WSN应用于井下安全监测及人员定位跟踪提供理论参考,将加快推进矿井安全监测技术的信息化、自动化与智能化进程,以提升井下安全避险系统的先进性和可靠性,会大幅度提高煤矿生产的安全性。
Rising coal mine accidents have caused huge casualties and economic loss, safety problem of underground coal mine has already aroused attention of the state. In2011, state administration of work safety and state administration of coal mine safety proposed the requirements of mine safety evacuation "six system".Traditional underground safety monitoring technology has not met the demand of mine production, which requires effective automation advanced supervision technology to improve the situation. Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) with wide application prospect integrates advanced technologies in many fields. WSN is a kind of latest automated intelligent wireless monitoring network technology. In view of above situation, the paper which supported by national natural science foundation of China; science&technology pillar program of Jiangxi province of China; science and technology project of department of education of Jiangxi province explored the latest WSN technology which applied in mine safety monitoring, emphasized studied wireless communication, transmission protocol, data redundancy and personnel positioning. The paper mainly obtained some resolving methods and theoretical achievements:
(1)Underground WSN wireless communication of coal mine safety monitoring. Through comparison and analysis wireless communication medium, short distance wireless communication technology and underground monitoring wireless communication characteristics, the paper presents ZigBee wireless communication technology suitable for underground safety monitoring to resolve the problems. The scheme proves that it has the lowest power and cost, excellent scalability and reliability, shortest rate and delay, large network capacity and flexible topology. Through designing network node and address allocation, we proved the feasibility of ZigBee wireless communication technology.
(2)Wireless transmission route of WSN underground safety monitoring data. Through comparison and analysis typical routing protocol, characteristics of WSN routing and safety monitoring routing demand of underground. Through improve APTEEN cluster-head selection algorithm and load balancing of nodes around sink node, the paper put forward a novel energy-efficient hierarchical routing protocol which belongs to low replacement cost energy balancing (LRCEB). By NS-2 simulation, results show that the energy consumption of LRCEB routing protocol is lower than APTEEN protocol; energy consumption obviously reduces, extending the lifetime of WSN safety monitoring network(reduce cost), and improving the safety ability of underground monitoring.
(3)Information data redundant used for underground safety intelligent monitoring in WSN. Through comparison and analysis elimination of data redundancy based on WSN, data characteristics and elimination of data redundancy based on underground safety monitoring and data fusion technology in WSN, the paper put forward a novel algorithm—information selection efficient data-fusion algorithm(ISEDA) based on LRCEB routing protocol. By numerical analysis and MATLAB simulation, the results show that the ISEDA algorithm has obvious advantage in data fusion and energy saving. Network lifetime is three times longer than LEACH algorithm, which verify excellent information security.
(4)WSN personnel positioning of underground monitoring. Through comparison and analysis location characteristics and technology of WSN, typical localization algorithm, underground personnel positioning requirements and characteristics, the paper proposes R-A (RSSI-APIT)hybrid location algorithm based on anchor node optimization. By simulation test, the results show that R-A algorithm after analyzing with MATLAB meets the design requirement. It verifies that R-A algorithm has better positioning effect in less anchor nodes case. At the same time, it reduces energy consumption and cost, which can meet the requirements off mine personnel positioning.
The above research will provide theoretical reference for WSN applied in safety monitoring of underground personnel positioning, will accelerated promote the informatization, automation, intelligence process of coal mine monitoring technology, will promote advanced and reliable of underground safe evacuation systems, greatly improving the safe production of coal mine.
引文
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