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区域产业转移形态及其对港口物流系统的影响研究
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摘要
随着珠三角地区社会经济平稳快速增长,自本世纪初,当地大量制造企业面临着新的发展形势和挑战。一方面,制造企业面临着原材料、土地、劳动力以及其他资源价格不断上涨的压力,存在着向中西部地区迁址的意向。另一方面,为了促进区域经济协调发展,中西部地区不断改善基础设施环境来吸引东部沿海地区的制造产业。此外,中西部地区劳动力开始重视工作地的“生活质量”,逐渐丧失外出务工的意愿,导致珠三角地区制造企业面临着严重的劳动力短缺问题。综上所述,珠三角地区的制造企业客观上存在着向中西部地区转移的趋势。
     产业转移不仅仅带来区域内制造企业的重新分布,并对区域港口物流系统产生相应的影响。制造产业大规模向中西部地区转移,直接引起珠三角地区的出口货源分散深入至内陆地区,原本仅由珠三角地区港口出口的货物,理论上则存在着多个出口港的选择,要求整个沿海地区的港口物流系统提供相应的服务水平。与此同时,中西部地区和沿海港口为了促进产业顺利转移及争取到更多的出口货源,两者均不断的完善港口物流网络,提高港口物流服务水平。由此可见,区域产业转移与港口物流系统优化存在着互动关系。
     本文从我国区域产业转移的形势出发,研究泛珠三角区域内制造企业分布格局优化对港口物流需求的影响以及产业分布格局与港口物流系统优化的互动关系。首先,本文从经济学角度对泛珠三角区域内存在转移趋势的产业进行识别。其次,本文采用文献综述法分析制造企业选址的影响因素,并从生产成本角度建立了制造企业选址模型,分析生产成本下泛珠三角区域内制造企业分布格局优化及其对港口物流需求的影响。接着,本文进一步在系统最优理论和用户均衡理论下,分别建立了考虑劳动力务工地“生活质量”和企业生产成本的制造企业选址模型,并分析了两种理论下企业的分布格局对港口物流需求的影响。最后,结合我国高速铁路客运专线与五定货运班列建设的背景,构建产业分布格局-铁路客货线网组合优化的模型来分析产业分布格局和港口物流网络优化的互动关系达到平衡时,铁路客货线网的建设方案、产业的分布格局以及港口物流需求的形态。
Since the beginning of this century, a amount of manufactures have been facing new situation and challenge after contious and fast development of the economy and society in Pear River Delta Region. On the one hand, due to the price increase of raw materials, land rent, labor and other production factors, the profit room of manufactures has been squeezed out gradually, and the manufactures owns the intention of relocating inland. On the other hand, in order to coordinate the development of regional economies, the inland provinces improve the infrastructures to attract the manufactures in Pear River Delta Region. In addition, the labors from the Middle and West Region gradually prefer to choose workplaces by quality of life, they are loosing the willingness to work in Pear River Delta Region, and it results the labor shortage of manufactures in Pear River Delta Region. In conclusion, the manufactures in Pear River Delta Region are experiencing the trend of industrial relocation objectively.
     Industrial relocation will not only result in the regional redistribution of manufactures, but also impact on regional port logistics systems. The relocation of manufactures to the Middle and West Region on a large scale directly cost the disperision of export freight inland. So the freight used to export through ports in Pear River Delta Region will have multi-choices of export ports, which will require appropriate service level of port logistics system. At the same time, in order to improve industrial relocation and compete for more export freight respectively, both the Middle and West Region and the ports positively improve the port logistics networks and their service levels. According to these, the industrial relocation has an interaction relationship with the optimization of port logistics systems.
     From the viewpoint of the situation of China's regional industrial relocation, this dissertation study on the impacts from location optimization of manufactures in Pan Pearl River Delta Region on the demand of port logistics, and its interaction with port logistics systems. Firstly, the industries with relocation trend were identified from the viewpoint of economics in Pan Pearl River Delta Region. Secondly, with the method of literature review, the location factors of manufacture were induced, and a location model was built based on the production cost. Then the optimized distribution of manufactures in Pan Pearl River Delta Region and its impact on the demand of port logistics were analyzed. Thirdly, from the viewpoint of "quality of life" of workplace of peasants and the production cost of manufactures, two manufactures location models under the system optimization theory and user equilibrium theory were built further. And the location distributions and their impacts on port logistic demands were analyzed and compared. Finally, considering the interaction between industrial location and the construction of port logistics network, an optimization model of interaction relationship between industrial distribution and railway passenger/freight transport networks were built to analyze the optimizated results of industrial distribution, railway passenger and freight transport networks and port logistic demand.
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