湖北省软件外包服务业俘获型价值链突破策略研究
|
摘要
随着产业结构不断优化与调整,外包服务业成为新型产业并迅速发展壮大,软件外包服务迅速蔓延全球,北美洲、西欧等发达地区或国家是软件的主要发包方,印度、爱尔兰、俄罗斯、中国等成为主要的承接方。中国的软件外包发展整体处于价值链的低端,核心技术、品牌、行业规则等方面被国际产业巨头或发达国家控制,国内的软件外包服务业的发展形成俘获型价值链。俘获型价值链的表现为低端业务、低附加值,而突破被俘获状态就是通过创新实现高附加值。
中国十分注重软件外包服务业的发展,2003年跨国公司对华投资座谈会上原国务院副总理吴仪明确指出：“我们在继续鼓励外商投资制造业、服务业领域的同时,要重视跨国公司内部服务业外包的新趋势,积极创造条件,以新的方式拓展吸收外资的新领域。”2004年,她进一步要求,中国要努力实现从“中国制造”转变为发展现代制造业和承接国际服务外包并举的发展态势,从而实现中国的产业升级。湖北省软件外包服务业发展环境良好,但目前产业整体发展水平较为滞后,整体产业规模小,业务收入低,盈利能力低,企业所接的软件外包业务订单少、技术含量低,被锁定在软件产业价值链的低端,形成俘获型价值链。本文主要通过对湖北省软件外包服务业进行现状分析,找出形成俘获型价值链的关键因素,提出突破湖北省软件外包服务业俘获型价值链的策略。
本文通过对大量文献的查阅、整理和分析,在服务外包、软件外包、俘获型价值链等理论基础上对俘获型价值链的内涵进行界定,对形成类型进行分类,主要分为技术俘获型价值链、规模俘获型价值链、品牌俘获型价值链。通过对湖北省软件产业及软件外包服务业的发展现状进行描述,分析软件外包服务业在技术、规模和品牌方面被俘获的影响因素,通过具体对软件外包服务企业进行调研,得出形成俘获型价值链的关键影响因素,并在此基础上提出湖北省软件外包服务业俘获型价值链的突破策略。
As the continuous optimization and adjustment of industrial structure, Outsourcing Services industry has become a new industry and developed rapidly. The software outsourcing services are rapid spread of the global, North America, Western Europe and other developed regions or countries are the major Employer Software ones. India, Ireland, Russia, China are becoming the major undertake counties. The development of China's software outsourcing is in the low level of the value chain, which is controlled by the international industry in the core of technology, brand, industry and other aspects. The development of domestic software outsourcing is the capture value chain. The capture value chain is a low-end performance of business, low value-added, and breakthrough the form is getting high added value by innovation.
The government of China attaches great importance to the development of software outsourcing services. In 2003, Vice Premier Wuyi cleared that:"We continue to encourage foreign investment in manufacturing, service sector, while multinational corporations should pay attention to the new trend of outsourcing internal services, and actively create conditions to attract foreign capital to expand new areas in new ways" on multinational investment in China. In 2004, she requested further:China should strive to achieve from the "Made in China" into the development of modern manufacturing and the trend of international service outsourcing development, for achieving the industrial upgrading in China. The development of software outsourcing services in Hubei Province is in a good environment, but also lags behind the level of the overall development of industry, low income, low profitability. Companies received fewer and low-tech orders for the software outsourcing business, locked in the software industry's low-end value chain, formed the capture value chain. In this thesis, through the situation analysis of the software outsourcing industry in Hubei Province, identify the capture value chain's key factors, made the breakthrough strategy of the capture value chain in Hubei Province.
In this thesis, through the extensive literature review, based on the defines of the service outsourcing, software outsourcing to defined the capture value chain, categorize the types of form, divided into the technical capture value chain, the scale capture value type chain and the brand capture value chain. Through the description of the current development of software industry and software outsourcing services in Hubei Province, analysis the influence factors of the software outsourcing services in technology, scale and brand. Through the key factors research for software outsourcing services enterprises, come to the key factors of capture value chain, and according to this analysis, make breakthrough strategy in the capture value chain in Hubei Province.
中国十分注重软件外包服务业的发展,2003年跨国公司对华投资座谈会上原国务院副总理吴仪明确指出：“我们在继续鼓励外商投资制造业、服务业领域的同时,要重视跨国公司内部服务业外包的新趋势,积极创造条件,以新的方式拓展吸收外资的新领域。”2004年,她进一步要求,中国要努力实现从“中国制造”转变为发展现代制造业和承接国际服务外包并举的发展态势,从而实现中国的产业升级。湖北省软件外包服务业发展环境良好,但目前产业整体发展水平较为滞后,整体产业规模小,业务收入低,盈利能力低,企业所接的软件外包业务订单少、技术含量低,被锁定在软件产业价值链的低端,形成俘获型价值链。本文主要通过对湖北省软件外包服务业进行现状分析,找出形成俘获型价值链的关键因素,提出突破湖北省软件外包服务业俘获型价值链的策略。
本文通过对大量文献的查阅、整理和分析,在服务外包、软件外包、俘获型价值链等理论基础上对俘获型价值链的内涵进行界定,对形成类型进行分类,主要分为技术俘获型价值链、规模俘获型价值链、品牌俘获型价值链。通过对湖北省软件产业及软件外包服务业的发展现状进行描述,分析软件外包服务业在技术、规模和品牌方面被俘获的影响因素,通过具体对软件外包服务企业进行调研,得出形成俘获型价值链的关键影响因素,并在此基础上提出湖北省软件外包服务业俘获型价值链的突破策略。
As the continuous optimization and adjustment of industrial structure, Outsourcing Services industry has become a new industry and developed rapidly. The software outsourcing services are rapid spread of the global, North America, Western Europe and other developed regions or countries are the major Employer Software ones. India, Ireland, Russia, China are becoming the major undertake counties. The development of China's software outsourcing is in the low level of the value chain, which is controlled by the international industry in the core of technology, brand, industry and other aspects. The development of domestic software outsourcing is the capture value chain. The capture value chain is a low-end performance of business, low value-added, and breakthrough the form is getting high added value by innovation.
The government of China attaches great importance to the development of software outsourcing services. In 2003, Vice Premier Wuyi cleared that:"We continue to encourage foreign investment in manufacturing, service sector, while multinational corporations should pay attention to the new trend of outsourcing internal services, and actively create conditions to attract foreign capital to expand new areas in new ways" on multinational investment in China. In 2004, she requested further:China should strive to achieve from the "Made in China" into the development of modern manufacturing and the trend of international service outsourcing development, for achieving the industrial upgrading in China. The development of software outsourcing services in Hubei Province is in a good environment, but also lags behind the level of the overall development of industry, low income, low profitability. Companies received fewer and low-tech orders for the software outsourcing business, locked in the software industry's low-end value chain, formed the capture value chain. In this thesis, through the situation analysis of the software outsourcing industry in Hubei Province, identify the capture value chain's key factors, made the breakthrough strategy of the capture value chain in Hubei Province.
In this thesis, through the extensive literature review, based on the defines of the service outsourcing, software outsourcing to defined the capture value chain, categorize the types of form, divided into the technical capture value chain, the scale capture value type chain and the brand capture value chain. Through the description of the current development of software industry and software outsourcing services in Hubei Province, analysis the influence factors of the software outsourcing services in technology, scale and brand. Through the key factors research for software outsourcing services enterprises, come to the key factors of capture value chain, and according to this analysis, make breakthrough strategy in the capture value chain in Hubei Province.
引文
[1]徐建伟,葛岳静,刘璐.优势、创新与俘获型价值链突破[J].经济地理,2010,30(2)：193-199.
[2]Humphrey, J. and Schmitz, H. Chain Governance and Upgrading:Taking Stock[A]. Schmitz, H. Local Enterprises in the Global Economy Issues of Governance and Upgrading[C]. Cheltenham: Elgar,2004.
[3]Schmitz, H. Local Upgrading in Global Chains:Recent Findings[R]. Paper to Be Presented at the DRUID Summer Conference,2004.
[4]William Youngdahl, Kannan Ramaswamy, Rohit Verma. Exploring new research frontiers in off-shoring knowledge and service processes[J]. Journal of Operations Management, 2008(26):135-140.
[5]Benhabib, J.& Spiegel, M. The role of human capital in development:evidence from aggregate cross-country data[J]. Journal of Monetary Economies,1994,34:143-173.
[6]刘志彪,张杰.全球代工体系下发展中国家俘获型网络的形成、突破与对策[J].中国工业经济,2007(5)：3947.
[7]Schmitz, H. Local Upgrading in Global Chains:Recent Findings[R]. Paper to Be Presented at the DRUID Summer Conference,2004.
[8]徐冠华.加强集成创新能力建设[J].中国软科学,2002(12)：31-35.
[9]秦仪.关于服务外包的价值链研究[J].国际商务,2007(4)：25-30.
[10]Donna Ghelfi. The 'Outsourcing Offshore' Conundrum[J]. An Intellectual PropertyPerspective,2005.
[11]Daniels, N.C. and Essaides, G. Time-based Competition[M]. Economic Intelligence Unit London,1993.
[12]Sudesh M. Duggal, Sveta Revinova. Competing in the Information Economy[J]. InformationScience,2003(7)：1337-1343.
[13]刘毅,何炼成.软件国际价值链与软件外包[J].西北工业大学学报,2006,26(2)：45-48.
[14]浦晓杰,臧新.基于全球价值链网络的软件外包国际市场进入模式[J].黑龙江对外经贸,2008(11)：31-33.
[15]孙玉红,王兴伟.软件业在承接外包中向价值链高端攀升探讨[J].北方经贸,2010(5)：47-48.
[16]田毕飞.基于全球价值链整合的中国企业服务外包承接战略[J].商业研究,2008(372)：135-141.
[17]Donald Gerwin. Coordinating New Product Development in Strategic Alliances[J]. Academy of Management Review,2004,241-257.
[18]Veugelers R., Cassiman B. Make and Buy in Innovation Strategies:Evidence from Belgium Manufacturing Firms[J]. Research Policy,1999,28(1):32-45.
[19]George Baltas. A model for multiple brand choice[J]. European Journal of Operational Research,2004,154(6):144-149.
[20]陈颖.论中国纺织服装业突破俘获型价值链的基本途径[J].China Textile Leader,2009(5)：13-16.
[21]张杰,刘志彪.需求因素与全球价值链形成—兼论发展中国家的“结构封锁型”障碍与突破[J].财贸研究,2007,18(6)：13-16.
[22]胡国庆,许玉平,周琪.全球价值链与我国西部地方企业国际市场势力拓展研究[J].湖北社会科学,2009(5)：84-86.
[23]Martin Hancox & Ray Hackney IT Outsourcing:Frameworks for Conceptualizing Practice Perception[J]. Information System Journal,2000,(10):217-237.
[24]宋洁.企业自主创新能力的系统分析[D].天津：天津大学,2007.
[25]Eric T. Co Wang, Transaction Attributes and Software Outsourcing Success:an Empirical Investigation of Transaction Cost Theory[J]. Info Systems,2002(12):153-181.
[26]秦远建,蔡文娟.我国服务外包企业俘获型价值链突破的策略选抒[J].现代商业,2010.
[27]李小卯,张建军.基于Internet的资源外包与企业创新[J].中国软科学,2003(1)：2001.
[28]郭冰.中国软件出口欧美暨离岸软件外包产业研究[D].天津：天津大学,2005.
[29]彭新敏,郑海平.我国软件外包业务的市场分析[J].管理前沿,2003(6)：36-38.
[30]秦燕,张国梁,汪克夷.从软件外包看中国软件企业的发展与创新[J].战略管理,2006(1)：41-46.
[31]董岗,傅铅生.关于企业创新能力的评价模型研究[J].商业研究,2004(9)：34-36.
[32]关伟.基于企业战略层面的自主创新因素分析[J].东北大学学报,2007,9(6)：495-499.
[33]白绪贵.我国汽车制造企业自主创新能力形成机理的研究[D].吉林：吉林大学,2010.
[34]疏礼兵.技术创新视角下企业研发团队内部知识转移影响因素的实证分析[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2007(7)：108-114.
[35]王森.知识型员工流动路径模型及其价值评价[D].天津：天津大学,2007.
[36]姜兴.高新技术企业创新能力内生模型与评价研究[D].天津：天津大学,2008.
[37]谢洪明,王成.技术创新软性影响因素的实证研究[J].科研管理,2007,25(5)：965-970.
[38]闫淑敏.企业技术创新能力提升与人力资本团队研究[J].科学管理研究,2007,25(3)：80-84.
[39]陈傲.中国工业行业技术创新能力差异及影响因素实证分析[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2007(11)：81-84.
[40]陈朝辉.创新绩效评价：实施知识产权战略的关键要素[J].科学进步与对策,2008,25(5)：121-124.
[41]陈晓静,芮明杰.隐性知识创新影响因素的实证研究[J].统计与决策,2007(21)：85-90.
[42]刘慧琴,张德.高校学科团队中魅力型领导对团队创新绩效影响的实证研究[J].科研管理,2007,28(4)：187-191.
[43]Cheon Grover & Teng. Information Technology Perceive[J]. Information Technology Magazine,1995.
[44]张巧琴.影响江苏离岸软件外包发展的关键因素研究[D].南京：河海大学,2007.[45] Holger Gorg, Aoief Hanley. Labor Demand Effects of International Outsourcing:Evidence From Plant-level Data[J]. International Review of Economics and Finance,2005(14):365-376.
[46]李昭赢.用经济学原理分析我国软件外包问题[J].合作经济与科技,2006(07)：17.
[47]耿晶晶.服务外包与经济增长关系实证研究[J].中南财经政法大学研究生学报,2009(6)：108-113.
[48]Shank & Govindarajan. Strategic Cost Management[M]. The Free Press,1993:256-280.
[49]Jefferey·F·Rayport & John-Sviokla. Managing in the Marketspace[J]. Economic Journal,1998:630-653.
[50]J-Wikner & R-W-Grubbstrom. Integrated production/distribution planning in supply chain:an invited review[J]. European Journal of Operational Research,2004,155(2):219-236.
[51]郑胜利.产业链的全球延展与我国地区产业发展分析[J].当代经济科学,2004(10)：1-9.
[52]郁义鸿.产业链现状研究综述[J].工业技术经济,,2006,10：1-10.
[53]Rajkumar T.M., Mani R.VS. Offshore software development[J]. Information Systems Management,2001,18(2):63-73.
[54]Heeks.R., Nicholson, B.. Synching or Sinking:Global Software Outsourcing Relationships[J]. IEEE Software,2001,18(2):54-60.
[55]Yeats, Alexander J.. Just How Big is Global Production Sharing[M]. Oxford University Press,2001.
[56]李莹,杨振宁.中国服务外包基地城市概览[J].时代商贸,2007(6)：68.
[57]朱胜勇.印度服务外包发展现状及我国的比较和借鉴[J].国际经贸探索,2008(6)：71-76.
[2]Humphrey, J. and Schmitz, H. Chain Governance and Upgrading:Taking Stock[A]. Schmitz, H. Local Enterprises in the Global Economy Issues of Governance and Upgrading[C]. Cheltenham: Elgar,2004.
[3]Schmitz, H. Local Upgrading in Global Chains:Recent Findings[R]. Paper to Be Presented at the DRUID Summer Conference,2004.
[4]William Youngdahl, Kannan Ramaswamy, Rohit Verma. Exploring new research frontiers in off-shoring knowledge and service processes[J]. Journal of Operations Management, 2008(26):135-140.
[5]Benhabib, J.& Spiegel, M. The role of human capital in development:evidence from aggregate cross-country data[J]. Journal of Monetary Economies,1994,34:143-173.
[6]刘志彪,张杰.全球代工体系下发展中国家俘获型网络的形成、突破与对策[J].中国工业经济,2007(5)：3947.
[7]Schmitz, H. Local Upgrading in Global Chains:Recent Findings[R]. Paper to Be Presented at the DRUID Summer Conference,2004.
[8]徐冠华.加强集成创新能力建设[J].中国软科学,2002(12)：31-35.
[9]秦仪.关于服务外包的价值链研究[J].国际商务,2007(4)：25-30.
[10]Donna Ghelfi. The 'Outsourcing Offshore' Conundrum[J]. An Intellectual PropertyPerspective,2005.
[11]Daniels, N.C. and Essaides, G. Time-based Competition[M]. Economic Intelligence Unit London,1993.
[12]Sudesh M. Duggal, Sveta Revinova. Competing in the Information Economy[J]. InformationScience,2003(7)：1337-1343.
[13]刘毅,何炼成.软件国际价值链与软件外包[J].西北工业大学学报,2006,26(2)：45-48.
[14]浦晓杰,臧新.基于全球价值链网络的软件外包国际市场进入模式[J].黑龙江对外经贸,2008(11)：31-33.
[15]孙玉红,王兴伟.软件业在承接外包中向价值链高端攀升探讨[J].北方经贸,2010(5)：47-48.
[16]田毕飞.基于全球价值链整合的中国企业服务外包承接战略[J].商业研究,2008(372)：135-141.
[17]Donald Gerwin. Coordinating New Product Development in Strategic Alliances[J]. Academy of Management Review,2004,241-257.
[18]Veugelers R., Cassiman B. Make and Buy in Innovation Strategies:Evidence from Belgium Manufacturing Firms[J]. Research Policy,1999,28(1):32-45.
[19]George Baltas. A model for multiple brand choice[J]. European Journal of Operational Research,2004,154(6):144-149.
[20]陈颖.论中国纺织服装业突破俘获型价值链的基本途径[J].China Textile Leader,2009(5)：13-16.
[21]张杰,刘志彪.需求因素与全球价值链形成—兼论发展中国家的“结构封锁型”障碍与突破[J].财贸研究,2007,18(6)：13-16.
[22]胡国庆,许玉平,周琪.全球价值链与我国西部地方企业国际市场势力拓展研究[J].湖北社会科学,2009(5)：84-86.
[23]Martin Hancox & Ray Hackney IT Outsourcing:Frameworks for Conceptualizing Practice Perception[J]. Information System Journal,2000,(10):217-237.
[24]宋洁.企业自主创新能力的系统分析[D].天津：天津大学,2007.
[25]Eric T. Co Wang, Transaction Attributes and Software Outsourcing Success:an Empirical Investigation of Transaction Cost Theory[J]. Info Systems,2002(12):153-181.
[26]秦远建,蔡文娟.我国服务外包企业俘获型价值链突破的策略选抒[J].现代商业,2010.
[27]李小卯,张建军.基于Internet的资源外包与企业创新[J].中国软科学,2003(1)：2001.
[28]郭冰.中国软件出口欧美暨离岸软件外包产业研究[D].天津：天津大学,2005.
[29]彭新敏,郑海平.我国软件外包业务的市场分析[J].管理前沿,2003(6)：36-38.
[30]秦燕,张国梁,汪克夷.从软件外包看中国软件企业的发展与创新[J].战略管理,2006(1)：41-46.
[31]董岗,傅铅生.关于企业创新能力的评价模型研究[J].商业研究,2004(9)：34-36.
[32]关伟.基于企业战略层面的自主创新因素分析[J].东北大学学报,2007,9(6)：495-499.
[33]白绪贵.我国汽车制造企业自主创新能力形成机理的研究[D].吉林：吉林大学,2010.
[34]疏礼兵.技术创新视角下企业研发团队内部知识转移影响因素的实证分析[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2007(7)：108-114.
[35]王森.知识型员工流动路径模型及其价值评价[D].天津：天津大学,2007.
[36]姜兴.高新技术企业创新能力内生模型与评价研究[D].天津：天津大学,2008.
[37]谢洪明,王成.技术创新软性影响因素的实证研究[J].科研管理,2007,25(5)：965-970.
[38]闫淑敏.企业技术创新能力提升与人力资本团队研究[J].科学管理研究,2007,25(3)：80-84.
[39]陈傲.中国工业行业技术创新能力差异及影响因素实证分析[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2007(11)：81-84.
[40]陈朝辉.创新绩效评价：实施知识产权战略的关键要素[J].科学进步与对策,2008,25(5)：121-124.
[41]陈晓静,芮明杰.隐性知识创新影响因素的实证研究[J].统计与决策,2007(21)：85-90.
[42]刘慧琴,张德.高校学科团队中魅力型领导对团队创新绩效影响的实证研究[J].科研管理,2007,28(4)：187-191.
[43]Cheon Grover & Teng. Information Technology Perceive[J]. Information Technology Magazine,1995.
[44]张巧琴.影响江苏离岸软件外包发展的关键因素研究[D].南京：河海大学,2007.[45] Holger Gorg, Aoief Hanley. Labor Demand Effects of International Outsourcing:Evidence From Plant-level Data[J]. International Review of Economics and Finance,2005(14):365-376.
[46]李昭赢.用经济学原理分析我国软件外包问题[J].合作经济与科技,2006(07)：17.
[47]耿晶晶.服务外包与经济增长关系实证研究[J].中南财经政法大学研究生学报,2009(6)：108-113.
[48]Shank & Govindarajan. Strategic Cost Management[M]. The Free Press,1993:256-280.
[49]Jefferey·F·Rayport & John-Sviokla. Managing in the Marketspace[J]. Economic Journal,1998:630-653.
[50]J-Wikner & R-W-Grubbstrom. Integrated production/distribution planning in supply chain:an invited review[J]. European Journal of Operational Research,2004,155(2):219-236.
[51]郑胜利.产业链的全球延展与我国地区产业发展分析[J].当代经济科学,2004(10)：1-9.
[52]郁义鸿.产业链现状研究综述[J].工业技术经济,,2006,10：1-10.
[53]Rajkumar T.M., Mani R.VS. Offshore software development[J]. Information Systems Management,2001,18(2):63-73.
[54]Heeks.R., Nicholson, B.. Synching or Sinking:Global Software Outsourcing Relationships[J]. IEEE Software,2001,18(2):54-60.
[55]Yeats, Alexander J.. Just How Big is Global Production Sharing[M]. Oxford University Press,2001.
[56]李莹,杨振宁.中国服务外包基地城市概览[J].时代商贸,2007(6)：68.
[57]朱胜勇.印度服务外包发展现状及我国的比较和借鉴[J].国际经贸探索,2008(6)：71-76.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |