黔西北铜污染草地施肥对贵州半细毛羊铜代谢的影响
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摘要
为了评价草地铜污染对贵州半细毛羊铜代谢的影响,我们在西南喀斯特山区的威宁县铜污染草地开展施肥、矿物质元素补充研究,探讨Cu污染草地的合理利用技术和方法。
1.施肥研究结果表明：Cu污染草地土壤和牧草的Cu含量极显著高于参考值。施氮肥极显著增加了施肥牧场牧草N的含量,但不同的施肥量处理问差异不显著。施硫肥显著增加了牧草Mn、Zn、N和S的含量,显著降低了牧草Se的含量,但施肥处理间差异不显著。施钼肥显著增加了牧草Mo和N元素的含量,施肥处理间差异不显著。硫肥和钼肥混合使用显著增加了牧草Mn、Zn、Mo、N和S的含量,显著降低了牧草Se的含量,施肥处理问差异不显著。
2.放牧研究结果表明：在施氮肥草地放牧的贵州半细毛羊血液和肝脏Cu含量极显著高于参考值,Mo含量极显著低于参考值,其它元素无显著影响；施氮肥对血液生化酶活力无显著影响,但血液谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活力极显著低于参考值,血液苯二醛(MDA)和铜蓝蛋白(Cp)含量显著高于参考值；施氮肥对血液指标无显著影响,但血红蛋白(Hb)的含量、红细胞(RBC)、平均血细胞体积(MCV)和平均血红蛋白浓度(MCHC)极显著低于参考值,在试验结束时,试验动物出现溶血性贫血。在施硫肥草地放牧的贵州半细毛羊血液和肝脏Cu含量显著极显著低于未施肥对照；血液和肝脏Mn和Zn含量极显著高于参考值和未施肥对照；血液和肝脏Se和Mo含量极显著低于参考值和未施肥对照；血液SOD、CAT和GSH-Px的活力显著高于参考值和未施肥对照；血液Cp和MDA的含量极显著低于未施肥对照；血液肌酸磷酸激酶(CPK)和谷草转氨酶(GOT)的活力极显著低于参考值和未施肥对照,不同施肥量间差异不显著；Hb含量和红细胞比积(PCV)极显著高于未施肥对照；MCV、平均红细胞血红蛋白量(MCH)和MCHC均显著低于参考值,试验结束时,未施肥牧场贵州半细毛羊存在溶血性贫血。在钼肥草地放牧的贵州半细毛羊血液和肝脏Cu含量极显著低于未施肥对照。血液和肝脏Mo元素的含量极显著高于未施肥对照；血液SOD、CAT和GSH-Px活力均极显著高于未施肥对照；血液Cp和MDA的含量极显著低于未施肥对照；血液CPK和GOT活力极显著低于未施肥对照；Hb含量极显著高于未施肥对照；在试验结束时,未施肥牧场贵州半细毛羊存在溶血性贫血。在硫和钼混合施肥草地放牧的贵州半细毛羊血液和肝脏Cu含量极显著低于未施肥对照；血液和肝脏Mn、Zn、Mo含量极显著高于参考值和未施肥对照；血液和肝脏Se含量极显著低于参考值和未施肥对照；血液SOD、GSH-Px和CAT活力极显著高于未施肥对照；血液CPK和GOT活力极显著低于未施肥对照；血液Cp、MDA含量极显著低于未施肥对照；Hb含量和PCV极显著高于未施肥对照；在试验结束时,未施肥牧场贵州半细毛羊存在溶血性贫血。。
3.矿物质元素补充实验结果表明：补充S元素和Mo元素极显著降低了贵州半细毛羊血液和肝脏Cu元素的含量,但S元素和Mo元素联合应用效果显著好于单独应用。
结论：S和Mo能显著影响贵州半细毛羊的Cu代谢,通过施肥和矿物质元素补充等手段能显著改变土壤和牧草中其他矿物质元素的含量,减轻铜污染草地对贵州半细毛羊的影响。
To assess the impact of fertilization treatment on copper element metabolism in Guizhou semi-fine wool sheep, and find an action plan to solve copper pollution, three studies(the fertilizing study、grazing study、the supplementing mineral study) were conducted on copper pollution pasture area in Weining County during the summer grazing season.
1. In the fertilizing studies, the results showed that N concentrations in forage greatly increase in pastures with N fertilizer. There were not great differences among N fertilization treatment.
Concentrations of Mn element, Zn element, N element and S elements in forage greatly increase in pastures with S fertilizer, concentrations of Se elements in forage greatly decrease in pastures with S fertilizer. There were not great differences among S fertilization treatment.
Concentrations of Mo element and N element in forage greatly increase in pastures with Mo fertilizer. There were not great differences among Mo fertilization treatment. Mo element, S element and N element in forage greatly increase in pastures with Mo fertilizer and S fertilizer.
Contents of Se element in forage greatly decrease in pastures with Mo and S fertilizer. There were not great differences among Mo and S treatment. Nomonal increases in forage IVOMD were realized by fertilization. Contents Cu element in soil and forage in Cu pollution meadow are greatly hight than reference value.
2. In grazing studies:from pastures with N fertilizer, contents Cu elements in blood and liver of Guizhou semi-fine wool sheep are greatly higher than reference value. Contents of Mo elements in blood and liver of Guizhou semi-fine wool sheep are greatly lower than reference value. There were not great differences among other element. SOD, GSH-Px and CAT activitiy in blood of Guizhou semi-fine wool sheep are greatly lower than reference value. Cp and MDA contents in blood of Guizhou semi-fine wool sheep are greatly lower than reference value. Hb content, RBC, MCV and MCHC in Guizhou semi-fine wool sheep are greatly lower than reference value. Hemolytic anemia is seen in Guizhou semi-fine wool sheep from experimental pasture in the end of studies.
From pastures with S fertilizer, contents of Cu element in blood and liver of Guizhou semi-fine wool sheep are greatly lower than not fertilized control (NFC). Contents of Mn element and Zn element in blood and liver of Guizhou semi-fine wool sheep are greatly higher than NFC and reference value. Contents of Se and Mo element in blood and liver of Guizhou semi-fine wool sheep are greatly lower than NFC and reference value. SOD, GSH-Px and CAT activity in blood of Guizhou semi-fine wool sheep are greatly higher than NFC. Cp and MDA contents in blood of Guizhou semi-fine wool sheep are greatly lower than NFC. CPK and GOT activity in blood of Guizhou semi-fine wool sheep are greatly lower than NFC. Hb content and PCV from Guizhou semi-fine wool sheep are greatly higher than NFC. Hemolytic anemia is seen in Guizhou semi-fine wool sheep from treatment IV pasture in the end of studies.
From pastures with Mo fertilizer, contents of Cu elements in blood and liver of Guizhou semi-fine wool sheep are greatly lower than NFC. Contents Mo element in blood and liver of Guizhou semi-fine wool sheep are greatly lower than NFC. Contents of Mo elements in liver of Guizhou semi-fine wool sheep are greatly higher than NFC and reference value. SOD, GSH-Px and CAT activity in blood of Guizhou semi-fine wool sheep are greatly higher than NFC. Cp and MDA contents in blood of Guizhou semi-fine wool sheep are greatly lower than NFC. CPK and GOT activity in blood of Guizhou semi-fine wool sheep are greatly lower than NFC. Hb content from Guizhou semi-fine wool sheep are greatly higher than NFC. PCV from Guizhou semi-fine wool sheep are greatly higher than NFC. Hemolytic anemia is seen in Guizhou semi-fine wool sheep from NFC pasture in the end of studies.
From pastures with S and Mo fertilizer, contents of Cu elements in blood and liver of Guizhou semi-fine wool sheep are greatly lower than NFC. Contents Mn, Zn and Mo elements in blood and liver of Guizhou semi-fine wool sheep are greatly higher than NFC and reference value. Contents of Se element in blood and liver of Guizhou semi-fine wool sheep are greatly lower than NFC and reference value. SOD, GSH-Px and CAT activity in blood of Guizhou semi-fine wool sheep are greatly higher than NFC. CPK and GOT activity in blood of Guizhou semi-fine wool sheep are greatly lower than NFC. Cp and MDA contents of Guizhou semi-fine wool sheep are greatly lower than NFC. Hb content and PCV are greatly higher than NFC. Hemolytic anemia is seen in Guizhou semi-fine wool sheep from NFC pasture in the end of studies.
3. In the supplementing mineral studies, supplementing S element, Mo element and Cu element from blood and liver of Guizhou semi-fine wool sheep greatly decrease but Contents Cu elements in blood and liver from Guizhou semi-fine wool sheep supplementing S element and Mo element are greatly higher than those from animals supplementing S element or Mo element.
Conclusion: S element and Mo element in forage can greatly affect copper element metabolism in Guizhou semi-fine wool sheep. We are able to rational utilization of copper pollution pastures by change of S element and Mo element contents in soil and forage and grazing Guizhou semi-fine wool sheep.
1.施肥研究结果表明：Cu污染草地土壤和牧草的Cu含量极显著高于参考值。施氮肥极显著增加了施肥牧场牧草N的含量,但不同的施肥量处理问差异不显著。施硫肥显著增加了牧草Mn、Zn、N和S的含量,显著降低了牧草Se的含量,但施肥处理间差异不显著。施钼肥显著增加了牧草Mo和N元素的含量,施肥处理间差异不显著。硫肥和钼肥混合使用显著增加了牧草Mn、Zn、Mo、N和S的含量,显著降低了牧草Se的含量,施肥处理问差异不显著。
2.放牧研究结果表明：在施氮肥草地放牧的贵州半细毛羊血液和肝脏Cu含量极显著高于参考值,Mo含量极显著低于参考值,其它元素无显著影响；施氮肥对血液生化酶活力无显著影响,但血液谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活力极显著低于参考值,血液苯二醛(MDA)和铜蓝蛋白(Cp)含量显著高于参考值；施氮肥对血液指标无显著影响,但血红蛋白(Hb)的含量、红细胞(RBC)、平均血细胞体积(MCV)和平均血红蛋白浓度(MCHC)极显著低于参考值,在试验结束时,试验动物出现溶血性贫血。在施硫肥草地放牧的贵州半细毛羊血液和肝脏Cu含量显著极显著低于未施肥对照；血液和肝脏Mn和Zn含量极显著高于参考值和未施肥对照；血液和肝脏Se和Mo含量极显著低于参考值和未施肥对照；血液SOD、CAT和GSH-Px的活力显著高于参考值和未施肥对照；血液Cp和MDA的含量极显著低于未施肥对照；血液肌酸磷酸激酶(CPK)和谷草转氨酶(GOT)的活力极显著低于参考值和未施肥对照,不同施肥量间差异不显著；Hb含量和红细胞比积(PCV)极显著高于未施肥对照；MCV、平均红细胞血红蛋白量(MCH)和MCHC均显著低于参考值,试验结束时,未施肥牧场贵州半细毛羊存在溶血性贫血。在钼肥草地放牧的贵州半细毛羊血液和肝脏Cu含量极显著低于未施肥对照。血液和肝脏Mo元素的含量极显著高于未施肥对照；血液SOD、CAT和GSH-Px活力均极显著高于未施肥对照；血液Cp和MDA的含量极显著低于未施肥对照；血液CPK和GOT活力极显著低于未施肥对照；Hb含量极显著高于未施肥对照；在试验结束时,未施肥牧场贵州半细毛羊存在溶血性贫血。在硫和钼混合施肥草地放牧的贵州半细毛羊血液和肝脏Cu含量极显著低于未施肥对照；血液和肝脏Mn、Zn、Mo含量极显著高于参考值和未施肥对照；血液和肝脏Se含量极显著低于参考值和未施肥对照；血液SOD、GSH-Px和CAT活力极显著高于未施肥对照；血液CPK和GOT活力极显著低于未施肥对照；血液Cp、MDA含量极显著低于未施肥对照；Hb含量和PCV极显著高于未施肥对照；在试验结束时,未施肥牧场贵州半细毛羊存在溶血性贫血。。
3.矿物质元素补充实验结果表明：补充S元素和Mo元素极显著降低了贵州半细毛羊血液和肝脏Cu元素的含量,但S元素和Mo元素联合应用效果显著好于单独应用。
结论：S和Mo能显著影响贵州半细毛羊的Cu代谢,通过施肥和矿物质元素补充等手段能显著改变土壤和牧草中其他矿物质元素的含量,减轻铜污染草地对贵州半细毛羊的影响。
To assess the impact of fertilization treatment on copper element metabolism in Guizhou semi-fine wool sheep, and find an action plan to solve copper pollution, three studies(the fertilizing study、grazing study、the supplementing mineral study) were conducted on copper pollution pasture area in Weining County during the summer grazing season.
1. In the fertilizing studies, the results showed that N concentrations in forage greatly increase in pastures with N fertilizer. There were not great differences among N fertilization treatment.
Concentrations of Mn element, Zn element, N element and S elements in forage greatly increase in pastures with S fertilizer, concentrations of Se elements in forage greatly decrease in pastures with S fertilizer. There were not great differences among S fertilization treatment.
Concentrations of Mo element and N element in forage greatly increase in pastures with Mo fertilizer. There were not great differences among Mo fertilization treatment. Mo element, S element and N element in forage greatly increase in pastures with Mo fertilizer and S fertilizer.
Contents of Se element in forage greatly decrease in pastures with Mo and S fertilizer. There were not great differences among Mo and S treatment. Nomonal increases in forage IVOMD were realized by fertilization. Contents Cu element in soil and forage in Cu pollution meadow are greatly hight than reference value.
2. In grazing studies:from pastures with N fertilizer, contents Cu elements in blood and liver of Guizhou semi-fine wool sheep are greatly higher than reference value. Contents of Mo elements in blood and liver of Guizhou semi-fine wool sheep are greatly lower than reference value. There were not great differences among other element. SOD, GSH-Px and CAT activitiy in blood of Guizhou semi-fine wool sheep are greatly lower than reference value. Cp and MDA contents in blood of Guizhou semi-fine wool sheep are greatly lower than reference value. Hb content, RBC, MCV and MCHC in Guizhou semi-fine wool sheep are greatly lower than reference value. Hemolytic anemia is seen in Guizhou semi-fine wool sheep from experimental pasture in the end of studies.
From pastures with S fertilizer, contents of Cu element in blood and liver of Guizhou semi-fine wool sheep are greatly lower than not fertilized control (NFC). Contents of Mn element and Zn element in blood and liver of Guizhou semi-fine wool sheep are greatly higher than NFC and reference value. Contents of Se and Mo element in blood and liver of Guizhou semi-fine wool sheep are greatly lower than NFC and reference value. SOD, GSH-Px and CAT activity in blood of Guizhou semi-fine wool sheep are greatly higher than NFC. Cp and MDA contents in blood of Guizhou semi-fine wool sheep are greatly lower than NFC. CPK and GOT activity in blood of Guizhou semi-fine wool sheep are greatly lower than NFC. Hb content and PCV from Guizhou semi-fine wool sheep are greatly higher than NFC. Hemolytic anemia is seen in Guizhou semi-fine wool sheep from treatment IV pasture in the end of studies.
From pastures with Mo fertilizer, contents of Cu elements in blood and liver of Guizhou semi-fine wool sheep are greatly lower than NFC. Contents Mo element in blood and liver of Guizhou semi-fine wool sheep are greatly lower than NFC. Contents of Mo elements in liver of Guizhou semi-fine wool sheep are greatly higher than NFC and reference value. SOD, GSH-Px and CAT activity in blood of Guizhou semi-fine wool sheep are greatly higher than NFC. Cp and MDA contents in blood of Guizhou semi-fine wool sheep are greatly lower than NFC. CPK and GOT activity in blood of Guizhou semi-fine wool sheep are greatly lower than NFC. Hb content from Guizhou semi-fine wool sheep are greatly higher than NFC. PCV from Guizhou semi-fine wool sheep are greatly higher than NFC. Hemolytic anemia is seen in Guizhou semi-fine wool sheep from NFC pasture in the end of studies.
From pastures with S and Mo fertilizer, contents of Cu elements in blood and liver of Guizhou semi-fine wool sheep are greatly lower than NFC. Contents Mn, Zn and Mo elements in blood and liver of Guizhou semi-fine wool sheep are greatly higher than NFC and reference value. Contents of Se element in blood and liver of Guizhou semi-fine wool sheep are greatly lower than NFC and reference value. SOD, GSH-Px and CAT activity in blood of Guizhou semi-fine wool sheep are greatly higher than NFC. CPK and GOT activity in blood of Guizhou semi-fine wool sheep are greatly lower than NFC. Cp and MDA contents of Guizhou semi-fine wool sheep are greatly lower than NFC. Hb content and PCV are greatly higher than NFC. Hemolytic anemia is seen in Guizhou semi-fine wool sheep from NFC pasture in the end of studies.
3. In the supplementing mineral studies, supplementing S element, Mo element and Cu element from blood and liver of Guizhou semi-fine wool sheep greatly decrease but Contents Cu elements in blood and liver from Guizhou semi-fine wool sheep supplementing S element and Mo element are greatly higher than those from animals supplementing S element or Mo element.
Conclusion: S element and Mo element in forage can greatly affect copper element metabolism in Guizhou semi-fine wool sheep. We are able to rational utilization of copper pollution pastures by change of S element and Mo element contents in soil and forage and grazing Guizhou semi-fine wool sheep.
引文
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