硫脲浸出废旧电路板中金及其发电过程回收研究
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摘要
本文介绍了电子废弃物的现状、利用价值、金属含量、金的分布和回收利用的意义,对现有的废旧电路板中金的回收方法做了综述。本文采用硫脲浸出废旧电路板中的金,再采用发电过程将其回收,使得贵金属资源得到再生和重复利用。
在本研究中,采用手工拆解方法先对电路板进行预处理,然后将预处理过的电路板粉碎,再用硝酸将贱金属浸出,至不再反应为止,进行多次过滤与洗涤,得到下一步所需的原料。用硫脲进行浸泡,将废旧电路板中的金浸出到浸出液中。然后用活化石墨电极做阴极材料,锌做阳极材料,构成发电系统,在阴极获得单质形态的金。对硫脲金络合物溶液进行电化学研究。
研究结果表明:
1)硫脲浸出的最佳条件为:固液比为1:5,浸出温度为35℃,硫脲浓度为12g/L,pH值为1.5,铁离子质量分数为0.3%,浸出时间为1h,此工艺条件下金的浸出率在93%左右。
2)发电法回收金的最佳条件为:在35℃下,采用锌电极做阳极,0.1mol·l~(-1)的KCl溶液为阳极区溶液,阴极为石墨电极,硫脲浸出溶液为阴极溶液,搅拌情况下进行发电2000min,可得到金的回收率为95%以上。对最大输出功率的影响因素进行研究,发现温度、阳极区溶液、阳极区溶液浓度这三个因素不影响最大输出功率对应负载电阻值。但对最大输出功率值有影响。采用最佳工艺条件,发电最大功率可达到1620 mW左右。
3)对硫脲金溶液进行循环伏安研究,在扫描速度为0.05 mV/s时,在0.0336 mV处出现氧化峰,说明在0.0336 mV时,发生反应: 2[Au(SC(NH_2)_2)_2]~(+)+2e=2Au+4SC(NH_2)_2,增大扫速,峰电流明显增加,表明反应阳极过程的不可逆性,扫描速度增加,峰向正向移动。
由实验后石墨棒的电镜扫描图可知碳棒上沉积了较平整致密的金层。
This article describes the status,use value,metal content,the distribution of gold and the significance of recycling of electronic waste, it also summarizes the methods of gold recovery from waste printed circuit board. In this paper, gold was leached from circuit board by thiourea, and be recovered by the power generation process, making precious metals recycling and reuse of resources.
In this study, the circuit board was pretreated using manual disassembly methods, and then comminuted the disassembed circuit board. Using nitric acid to leach base metal until no response happen, circuit board was filtered and washed several times, then got the raw materials which were required in the second step. Leach them with thiourea, let the gold of the waste printed circuit boards enter into the solution. Then the activated graphite electrode is used as cathode material and zinc as anode material, constituting the generation system, metallic gold was obtained from the cathode. Using electrochemical to research the complex solution of thiourea gold .
The results show that:
1) The optimum conditions of thiourea leaching are: solid-liquid ratio is 1:5, the leaching temperature is 35℃, thiourea concentration is 12g/L, pH is 1.5, ferric ion mass fraction is 0.3%, the leaching time is 1h, In this condition, the gold recovery rate is about 93%.
2) The best conditions of recovery gold by generation method are: at 35℃,using zinc as anode electrodes, 0.1mol·l(-1) of KCl as anode region solution, graphite electrode as cathode, gold thiourea complex solution as the cathode region solution. Under the stirring condition, lasts 2000 min of eledctrogenerat experimental,available gold recovery is 95% or more. Researching the factors of the maximum output power found that the three factors of temperature、the anode zone solution、the anodic solution concentration do not affect the maximum output power corresponding to the load resistance. But affect the value of the maximum output power. Using optimal conditions, the maximum power generation reach to 1620 mW.
3) Gold thiourea solution was researched by cyclic voltammetry, under the scanning speed is 0.05mV/s, the oxidation peak occurs at 0.0336mV, It is indicate that the reaction of +2[Au(SC(NH_2)_2)_2]~(+)+2e=2Au+4SC(NH_2)_2 happened in 0.0336 mV. Increasing scan rate, peak current increased significantly, indicating that the irreversible process of anodic reaction, scanning speed increases, the peak shift positively.
The SEM images of the experimental graphite electrode shows that the layer of gold was deposited relatively smooth and dense on carbon rod.
在本研究中,采用手工拆解方法先对电路板进行预处理,然后将预处理过的电路板粉碎,再用硝酸将贱金属浸出,至不再反应为止,进行多次过滤与洗涤,得到下一步所需的原料。用硫脲进行浸泡,将废旧电路板中的金浸出到浸出液中。然后用活化石墨电极做阴极材料,锌做阳极材料,构成发电系统,在阴极获得单质形态的金。对硫脲金络合物溶液进行电化学研究。
研究结果表明:
1)硫脲浸出的最佳条件为:固液比为1:5,浸出温度为35℃,硫脲浓度为12g/L,pH值为1.5,铁离子质量分数为0.3%,浸出时间为1h,此工艺条件下金的浸出率在93%左右。
2)发电法回收金的最佳条件为:在35℃下,采用锌电极做阳极,0.1mol·l~(-1)的KCl溶液为阳极区溶液,阴极为石墨电极,硫脲浸出溶液为阴极溶液,搅拌情况下进行发电2000min,可得到金的回收率为95%以上。对最大输出功率的影响因素进行研究,发现温度、阳极区溶液、阳极区溶液浓度这三个因素不影响最大输出功率对应负载电阻值。但对最大输出功率值有影响。采用最佳工艺条件,发电最大功率可达到1620 mW左右。
3)对硫脲金溶液进行循环伏安研究,在扫描速度为0.05 mV/s时,在0.0336 mV处出现氧化峰,说明在0.0336 mV时,发生反应: 2[Au(SC(NH_2)_2)_2]~(+)+2e=2Au+4SC(NH_2)_2,增大扫速,峰电流明显增加,表明反应阳极过程的不可逆性,扫描速度增加,峰向正向移动。
由实验后石墨棒的电镜扫描图可知碳棒上沉积了较平整致密的金层。
This article describes the status,use value,metal content,the distribution of gold and the significance of recycling of electronic waste, it also summarizes the methods of gold recovery from waste printed circuit board. In this paper, gold was leached from circuit board by thiourea, and be recovered by the power generation process, making precious metals recycling and reuse of resources.
In this study, the circuit board was pretreated using manual disassembly methods, and then comminuted the disassembed circuit board. Using nitric acid to leach base metal until no response happen, circuit board was filtered and washed several times, then got the raw materials which were required in the second step. Leach them with thiourea, let the gold of the waste printed circuit boards enter into the solution. Then the activated graphite electrode is used as cathode material and zinc as anode material, constituting the generation system, metallic gold was obtained from the cathode. Using electrochemical to research the complex solution of thiourea gold .
The results show that:
1) The optimum conditions of thiourea leaching are: solid-liquid ratio is 1:5, the leaching temperature is 35℃, thiourea concentration is 12g/L, pH is 1.5, ferric ion mass fraction is 0.3%, the leaching time is 1h, In this condition, the gold recovery rate is about 93%.
2) The best conditions of recovery gold by generation method are: at 35℃,using zinc as anode electrodes, 0.1mol·l(-1) of KCl as anode region solution, graphite electrode as cathode, gold thiourea complex solution as the cathode region solution. Under the stirring condition, lasts 2000 min of eledctrogenerat experimental,available gold recovery is 95% or more. Researching the factors of the maximum output power found that the three factors of temperature、the anode zone solution、the anodic solution concentration do not affect the maximum output power corresponding to the load resistance. But affect the value of the maximum output power. Using optimal conditions, the maximum power generation reach to 1620 mW.
3) Gold thiourea solution was researched by cyclic voltammetry, under the scanning speed is 0.05mV/s, the oxidation peak occurs at 0.0336mV, It is indicate that the reaction of +2[Au(SC(NH_2)_2)_2]~(+)+2e=2Au+4SC(NH_2)_2 happened in 0.0336 mV. Increasing scan rate, peak current increased significantly, indicating that the irreversible process of anodic reaction, scanning speed increases, the peak shift positively.
The SEM images of the experimental graphite electrode shows that the layer of gold was deposited relatively smooth and dense on carbon rod.
引文
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[4]周翠红,路迈西.废旧电路板的组成与解离特性研究.环境污染治理技术与设备,2005,6(4):28-31
[5]胡远军,李麒麟,徐东军.废旧印制电路板物理回收及综合利用.印刷电路信息,2007,(4):60
[6]明果英.废印制电路板的物理回收及综合利用技术.印刷电路信息,2007,(7):48
[7]熊集兵,徐晓军,董典同等.废旧电脑的处理及利用.青岛建筑工程学院学报, 2004,25(2):71-74
[8]江博新.电子废弃物回收利用领域技术开发难点问题探讨.再生资源研究,2006,15(1):17-20
[9]周全法,朱雯.废电脑及其配件中金的回收.中国资源综合利用,2003,7:31
[10]周全法,刘玉海,李锋等.金在电脑板卡中的应用.黄金,2003,24(8):5-7
[11]阮德水,李卫萍.金的化学.高等函授学报自然科学版,2002,13(1):26
[12]周全法.贵金属深加工及其应用.北京:化学工业出版社,2002,238
[13]杨玉芬,盖国胜,徐盛明.印刷线路板中稀贵金属的回收现状.稀有金属,2004, 28(4):717
[14]张伟刚,吴丰顺,吴懿平等.国外电子废弃物的回收利用技术.有色金属的再生与利用,2006,(8):716-718
[15]刘博洋,霍国元,刘永长.废旧电子材料回收利用现状及发展展望.再生资源研究,2007,(7):26-27
[16]德国电子废弃物回收处理的法律要求及实施情况.节能环保,2006,(08):22-24
[17]吴峰.电子废弃物的环境管理与处理处置技术初探——国外现状综述.中国环保产业,2001,(2):38-39
[18]王保士.国外电子废件的贵金属回收预处理(加工)工艺综述.再生资源研究,2006,(2):20-22
[19] Jirang Cui,Eric Forssberg. Mechanical recyling of waste electric and electronic equipment a reviem. Journal of Hazardous materials,2003,9(9): 262
[20]向磊.我国贵金属回收产业发展综述.技术与装备,2007,(6):29-31
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