基于FPGA的智能脱扣器的研究
摘要
随着国民经济的快速发展,智能电器设备广泛地被应用于社会各个领域,它们给社会生产和人民生活提供了极大的方便。本文是作者基于江苏大全集团KFM3系列低压塑壳式断路器科研工作的总结,主要包括低压塑壳式断路器基于FPGA的新一代智能脱扣器的研究开发工作。
低压塑壳式断路器是保护电气配电网络和工业设备免受过载、短路和接地等故障危害的重要电器元件,智能脱扣器是其核心控制单元。可通信智能脱扣器的应用能极大提高断路器的测量、保护、监控与通信等功能,具有十分显著的工程应用前景和学术研究价值。
结合目前国内正在开发研制的新一代低压万能式断路器控制器的主要技术特征——基于现场总线的可通信功能,本文研究了一种新型的基于FPGA的智能脱扣器。该装置集测量、保护、监控、通信等功能于一体,硬件电路主要包括模拟信号调理电路、FPGA及外围数字电路、输出控制电路等三大部分。以Altera公司低成本FPGA产品CycloneⅡ系列的EP2C8Q208C8N为核心器件,完成测量与保护功能,外扩七段数码显示模块完成显示功能和RS232通信接口电路完成智能脱扣器与上位监控机的通信功能,同时配合模拟脱扣电路实现对特大短路电流故障的保护。
除硬件设计外,本文还深入研究了智能脱扣器的测量和保护的软件开发方案,并在软件设计中运用流水线操作的思想,设计了一种新颖的适用于本智能脱扣器的软件系统,保证各任务模块有序执行,满足了系统对实时性等的要求。各任务之间相对独立,便于系统功能扩展。
With the development of national economy, Intelligent electrical equipment is used in all kinds of field.they make our life and manufacture. The dissertation is author's work summarization which based on KFM3 series low-Voltage MCCB(Moulded Case Circuit-Breaker)in Jiangsu DAQO Group Co.,Ltd., including the following main components: design and research of new generation intelligent release base on FPGA which used for moulded case circuit breaker.
Low-voltage moulded case circuit breaker is an important electrical apparatus device used for providing protection for power network and industrial equipments against all types of breakdown such as overload, short circuit and grounding,intelligent release is central control unit. Application of intelligent and communication-capable intelligent release can dramatically improve circuit breaker functions like measurement, protection, supervision and communication. It has a wide range foreground of application and high academic research value.
To realize function of communication-capable based on fieldbus, which is main technology characteristic of new generation low-voltage conventional circuit breaker controller, a new type of intelligent and communication-capable intelligent release based on FPGA is developed in this dissertation. The apparatus has the functions of measuring, protecting, monitoring and communication. Hardware circuit of intelligent release is mainly include three components: analog signal circuit、FPGA device and digital circuit, tripping drive circuit, it takes EP2C8Q208C8N device in Cyclone II series of low-cost FPGA in Altera Group Co.,Ltd.as center unit to fulfill functions of precise measuring and protecting and uses LED module to display parameters and RS232 communication interface circuit to communicate with host computer. In the meaning time,equipped with analog tripper circuit, it finishes protection to super large short circuit current.
Beside hardware circuit, the software scheme of measuring and protecting are also analyzed deeply. In software design, it uses thought of pipelining operation system to design a novel pipelining operation process to ensure all the tasks to tun orderly and satisfies real-time need of electrical system. Every task has its relative independence and is easy to extend.
低压塑壳式断路器是保护电气配电网络和工业设备免受过载、短路和接地等故障危害的重要电器元件,智能脱扣器是其核心控制单元。可通信智能脱扣器的应用能极大提高断路器的测量、保护、监控与通信等功能,具有十分显著的工程应用前景和学术研究价值。
结合目前国内正在开发研制的新一代低压万能式断路器控制器的主要技术特征——基于现场总线的可通信功能,本文研究了一种新型的基于FPGA的智能脱扣器。该装置集测量、保护、监控、通信等功能于一体,硬件电路主要包括模拟信号调理电路、FPGA及外围数字电路、输出控制电路等三大部分。以Altera公司低成本FPGA产品CycloneⅡ系列的EP2C8Q208C8N为核心器件,完成测量与保护功能,外扩七段数码显示模块完成显示功能和RS232通信接口电路完成智能脱扣器与上位监控机的通信功能,同时配合模拟脱扣电路实现对特大短路电流故障的保护。
除硬件设计外,本文还深入研究了智能脱扣器的测量和保护的软件开发方案,并在软件设计中运用流水线操作的思想,设计了一种新颖的适用于本智能脱扣器的软件系统,保证各任务模块有序执行,满足了系统对实时性等的要求。各任务之间相对独立,便于系统功能扩展。
With the development of national economy, Intelligent electrical equipment is used in all kinds of field.they make our life and manufacture. The dissertation is author's work summarization which based on KFM3 series low-Voltage MCCB(Moulded Case Circuit-Breaker)in Jiangsu DAQO Group Co.,Ltd., including the following main components: design and research of new generation intelligent release base on FPGA which used for moulded case circuit breaker.
Low-voltage moulded case circuit breaker is an important electrical apparatus device used for providing protection for power network and industrial equipments against all types of breakdown such as overload, short circuit and grounding,intelligent release is central control unit. Application of intelligent and communication-capable intelligent release can dramatically improve circuit breaker functions like measurement, protection, supervision and communication. It has a wide range foreground of application and high academic research value.
To realize function of communication-capable based on fieldbus, which is main technology characteristic of new generation low-voltage conventional circuit breaker controller, a new type of intelligent and communication-capable intelligent release based on FPGA is developed in this dissertation. The apparatus has the functions of measuring, protecting, monitoring and communication. Hardware circuit of intelligent release is mainly include three components: analog signal circuit、FPGA device and digital circuit, tripping drive circuit, it takes EP2C8Q208C8N device in Cyclone II series of low-cost FPGA in Altera Group Co.,Ltd.as center unit to fulfill functions of precise measuring and protecting and uses LED module to display parameters and RS232 communication interface circuit to communicate with host computer. In the meaning time,equipped with analog tripper circuit, it finishes protection to super large short circuit current.
Beside hardware circuit, the software scheme of measuring and protecting are also analyzed deeply. In software design, it uses thought of pipelining operation system to design a novel pipelining operation process to ensure all the tasks to tun orderly and satisfies real-time need of electrical system. Every task has its relative independence and is easy to extend.
引文
[1]黄绍平,李永坚.低压断路器智能脱扣器的设计与实现[J].工矿自动化.2004(2):42-44
[2]王汝文,宋政湘,杨伟.电器智能化原理及应用[M].北京.电子工业出版社.2003.
[3]顾惠民,周积刚.国外新一代塑壳式断路器的现状和发展动向[J].低压电器.2006(2):7-11
[4]夏天伟,任继武,李海波.用于低压断路器的智能脱扣器的设计[J].电工技术.2001(4):44-47.
[5]李光辉,张培铭.智能化电器可靠性技术[J].江苏电器.2001(1):11-14.
[6]王肖巍.低压框架式断路器智能监控单元的研制[D].西安.西安交通大学硕士学位论文.2002.3
[7]曾庆军.低压万能式断路器新一代控制器研制及电器性能综合评估研究[D].上海.上海交通大学博士后学位论文.2004.7
[8]赵靖英.电子式过载保护继电器的智能化技术与可靠性分析[D].河北.河北工业大学博士学位论文.2004.6
[9]李艳艳.断路器状态监测[D].大连.大连理工大学硕士学位论文.2002.9
[10]陈绍魁.电器和智能化电器技术的新动态[J].电气时代.2004.6:18-21
[11]马建萍.低压断路器中智能控制器的设计[D].西安.西北工业大学硕士学位论文.2003.3
[12]赵鹏.智能脱扣器的研究[D].河北.河北工业大学硕士学位论文.2003.3
[13]J.A.Fidinger,J.RVmcent.Low-voltage breaker modernization throughsolid-state technology.Petroleum and Chemical In dustry Conference,lndustry A pplications Society 38th Annual,1991,Page(s):193-197
[14]C.WBrice,RA.Dougal.J.i.Hudgins.Review of technologies forcurrent.Limiting low-v olt age circuit breakers.Industry Applications,IEEE Transactions on,Volume:32Issue:5,19 96,Page(s):1005-1010
[15]任继武.智能脱扣器的研究[D].沈阳.沈阳工业大学硕士学位论文.2001.3
[16]王富东,王家善,邵光庆等.智能化断路器的开发[J].低压电器.2000.2:13-17
[17]李尔平,陈德桂.智能化电器设备及系统的EMC控制和管理.智能化电器及应用文集四.2000
[18]杨青.基于CAN现场总线的智能脱扣器[J].电气时代.2005.1:129-130
[19]杨旭雷.低压断路器微机测控系统的研制[D].西安.西安交通大学硕士学位论文.2002.3
[20]IEEE Working Group on Nonsinusoidal Situation.Practial Definitions for Powers in System with Nonsinusoidal Waveforms and unbalanced loads.IEEE Trans.PWRD-11 N0.1,1996
[21]李抗.继电保护电磁兼容问题的研究[D].南京.东南大学硕士学位论文.1999.10
[22]白同元等.电磁兼容设计[M].北京:北京邮电大学出版社.2001
[23]欧健昌等.电子设备的电磁兼容性设计[M].北京:电子工业出版社.2003
[24]陈昌旺.低压电网测控装置的研制[D].武汉.武汉大学硕士学位论文.2004.5
[25]吴道悌.非电量电测技术(第2版)[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社.2001
[26]王富东,王家善.智能断路器的电量测量与过载保护算法[J].仪器仪表学报.2002.6:380-382
[27]张耀娟.电力系统继电保护装置的研究[D].天津.天津大学硕士学位论文.2002.2
[28]朱明程,董尔令.可编程逻辑器件原理及应用.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社.2004
[29]王道军.可编程逻辑在低压保护中的实现[D].西安.西安交通大学硕士学位论文.2000.4
[30]于枫,张丽英,廖宗建.ALTERA可编程逻辑器件应用技术.北京:科学出版社.2004
[31]EDA先锋工作室,吴继华,王诚.Altera FPG/CPLD设计(基础篇)[M].北京:人民邮电出版社.2005
[32]王开军.基于FPGA的测控技术研究及应用[D].杭州.浙江工业大学硕士学位论文.2003.1
[33]黄智伟,王彦,陈琼等.FPGA系统设计与实践.北京:电子工业出版社.2005
[34]CycloneⅡ Device Handbook.Altera Corporation.2006.6
[35]http://www.altera.com.cn/literature/hb/cyc2/cyc2_cii51010.pdf
[36]http://www.altera.com.cn/literature/lit-cyc2.jsp
[37]http://www.altera.com.cn/literature/manual/mnl_cii_starter_board_rm.pdf
[38]楮振勇,翁木云.FPGA设计及应用.西安:西安电子科技大学出版.2003
[39]唐宇.基于FPGA的信号采集与处理技术研究及实现[D].武汉.电子科技大学硕士学位论文.2005.1
[40]孙华锦.基于VHDL语言的电子设计自动化及其应用[D].西安.西北工业大学硕士学位论文.2001.3
[41]胡光荣.用VHDL语言设计基于FPGA器件的高采样率FIR滤波器[D].北京.国防科学技术大学硕士学位论文.2002.3
[42]QuartusⅡ Version 6.0 Handbook.Altera Corporation.2006.5
[43]EDA先锋工作室,吴继华,王诚.Altera FPGA/CPLD设计(高级篇)[M].北京:人民邮电出版社.2005
[44]ALTEPA.Altera Configuration Devices[EB/OL].http://www.altera.com.cn/literature/hb/cfg/cfg_chl_vol_2.pdf.2006.3.
[45]Mentor graphics,modelsim[EB/OL].http://www.mentor.com/products/ic_nanometer_design/simulation/index.cfm.2005.8.
[46]ALTERA..Introduce of EP2C8[EB/OL].http://www.altera.com.cn/nroducts/devices/dev-index.jsp.2006.3
[47]姜雪明.低压数字继电器的设计与实现[D].西安.西安工程科技学院硕士学位论文.2003.12
[48]智能脱扣器专用电流传感器存在的问题分析及解决方案.武汉天任光电互感器有限公司.
[49]孙恺.基于ARM和FPGA的数控系统的硬件设计[D].北京.北京航空航天大学硕士学位论文.2004.2
[50]张迎新,雷道振,陈胜等.非电量测量技术基础[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社.2002
[51]吴兴惠,王彩君.传感器与信号处理[M].北京:电子工业出版社.1998
[52]王永良,宋政湘.智能化脱扣器脱扣电路的设计[J].电气开关.2004.6:10-12
[2]王汝文,宋政湘,杨伟.电器智能化原理及应用[M].北京.电子工业出版社.2003.
[3]顾惠民,周积刚.国外新一代塑壳式断路器的现状和发展动向[J].低压电器.2006(2):7-11
[4]夏天伟,任继武,李海波.用于低压断路器的智能脱扣器的设计[J].电工技术.2001(4):44-47.
[5]李光辉,张培铭.智能化电器可靠性技术[J].江苏电器.2001(1):11-14.
[6]王肖巍.低压框架式断路器智能监控单元的研制[D].西安.西安交通大学硕士学位论文.2002.3
[7]曾庆军.低压万能式断路器新一代控制器研制及电器性能综合评估研究[D].上海.上海交通大学博士后学位论文.2004.7
[8]赵靖英.电子式过载保护继电器的智能化技术与可靠性分析[D].河北.河北工业大学博士学位论文.2004.6
[9]李艳艳.断路器状态监测[D].大连.大连理工大学硕士学位论文.2002.9
[10]陈绍魁.电器和智能化电器技术的新动态[J].电气时代.2004.6:18-21
[11]马建萍.低压断路器中智能控制器的设计[D].西安.西北工业大学硕士学位论文.2003.3
[12]赵鹏.智能脱扣器的研究[D].河北.河北工业大学硕士学位论文.2003.3
[13]J.A.Fidinger,J.RVmcent.Low-voltage breaker modernization throughsolid-state technology.Petroleum and Chemical In dustry Conference,lndustry A pplications Society 38th Annual,1991,Page(s):193-197
[14]C.WBrice,RA.Dougal.J.i.Hudgins.Review of technologies forcurrent.Limiting low-v olt age circuit breakers.Industry Applications,IEEE Transactions on,Volume:32Issue:5,19 96,Page(s):1005-1010
[15]任继武.智能脱扣器的研究[D].沈阳.沈阳工业大学硕士学位论文.2001.3
[16]王富东,王家善,邵光庆等.智能化断路器的开发[J].低压电器.2000.2:13-17
[17]李尔平,陈德桂.智能化电器设备及系统的EMC控制和管理.智能化电器及应用文集四.2000
[18]杨青.基于CAN现场总线的智能脱扣器[J].电气时代.2005.1:129-130
[19]杨旭雷.低压断路器微机测控系统的研制[D].西安.西安交通大学硕士学位论文.2002.3
[20]IEEE Working Group on Nonsinusoidal Situation.Practial Definitions for Powers in System with Nonsinusoidal Waveforms and unbalanced loads.IEEE Trans.PWRD-11 N0.1,1996
[21]李抗.继电保护电磁兼容问题的研究[D].南京.东南大学硕士学位论文.1999.10
[22]白同元等.电磁兼容设计[M].北京:北京邮电大学出版社.2001
[23]欧健昌等.电子设备的电磁兼容性设计[M].北京:电子工业出版社.2003
[24]陈昌旺.低压电网测控装置的研制[D].武汉.武汉大学硕士学位论文.2004.5
[25]吴道悌.非电量电测技术(第2版)[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社.2001
[26]王富东,王家善.智能断路器的电量测量与过载保护算法[J].仪器仪表学报.2002.6:380-382
[27]张耀娟.电力系统继电保护装置的研究[D].天津.天津大学硕士学位论文.2002.2
[28]朱明程,董尔令.可编程逻辑器件原理及应用.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社.2004
[29]王道军.可编程逻辑在低压保护中的实现[D].西安.西安交通大学硕士学位论文.2000.4
[30]于枫,张丽英,廖宗建.ALTERA可编程逻辑器件应用技术.北京:科学出版社.2004
[31]EDA先锋工作室,吴继华,王诚.Altera FPG/CPLD设计(基础篇)[M].北京:人民邮电出版社.2005
[32]王开军.基于FPGA的测控技术研究及应用[D].杭州.浙江工业大学硕士学位论文.2003.1
[33]黄智伟,王彦,陈琼等.FPGA系统设计与实践.北京:电子工业出版社.2005
[34]CycloneⅡ Device Handbook.Altera Corporation.2006.6
[35]http://www.altera.com.cn/literature/hb/cyc2/cyc2_cii51010.pdf
[36]http://www.altera.com.cn/literature/lit-cyc2.jsp
[37]http://www.altera.com.cn/literature/manual/mnl_cii_starter_board_rm.pdf
[38]楮振勇,翁木云.FPGA设计及应用.西安:西安电子科技大学出版.2003
[39]唐宇.基于FPGA的信号采集与处理技术研究及实现[D].武汉.电子科技大学硕士学位论文.2005.1
[40]孙华锦.基于VHDL语言的电子设计自动化及其应用[D].西安.西北工业大学硕士学位论文.2001.3
[41]胡光荣.用VHDL语言设计基于FPGA器件的高采样率FIR滤波器[D].北京.国防科学技术大学硕士学位论文.2002.3
[42]QuartusⅡ Version 6.0 Handbook.Altera Corporation.2006.5
[43]EDA先锋工作室,吴继华,王诚.Altera FPGA/CPLD设计(高级篇)[M].北京:人民邮电出版社.2005
[44]ALTEPA.Altera Configuration Devices[EB/OL].http://www.altera.com.cn/literature/hb/cfg/cfg_chl_vol_2.pdf.2006.3.
[45]Mentor graphics,modelsim[EB/OL].http://www.mentor.com/products/ic_nanometer_design/simulation/index.cfm.2005.8.
[46]ALTERA..Introduce of EP2C8[EB/OL].http://www.altera.com.cn/nroducts/devices/dev-index.jsp.2006.3
[47]姜雪明.低压数字继电器的设计与实现[D].西安.西安工程科技学院硕士学位论文.2003.12
[48]智能脱扣器专用电流传感器存在的问题分析及解决方案.武汉天任光电互感器有限公司.
[49]孙恺.基于ARM和FPGA的数控系统的硬件设计[D].北京.北京航空航天大学硕士学位论文.2004.2
[50]张迎新,雷道振,陈胜等.非电量测量技术基础[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社.2002
[51]吴兴惠,王彩君.传感器与信号处理[M].北京:电子工业出版社.1998
[52]王永良,宋政湘.智能化脱扣器脱扣电路的设计[J].电气开关.2004.6:10-12