同相供电继电保护方案研究
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摘要
传统的牵引供电方式需要在牵引变电所出口及分区所处设置多个电分相,并存在谐波、无功、负序等电能质量问题。过分相与电能质量问题都严重制约着电气化铁路向高速、重载方向发展。同相供电能够在一定程度上解决电分相与电能质量问题。本文在同相供电的基础上研究了同相贯通牵引供电方式。同相贯通供电可以有效地改善电气化铁道谐波、无功及负序问题,并能从根本上取消过分相环节。
与电力系统相连的同相贯通供电系统是一个交-直-交变换系统,由三相整流、直流储能、单相逆变以及隔离变压器组成。同相贯通供电系统不仅能够很好地解决电分相、负序、无功和谐波等问题；由于利用多个外部电源同时向牵引负荷供电,还具有送电能力强、综合技术经济指标高等优点。然而,贯通式供电方式及电力电子器件的采用使牵引供电系统故障情况下的电气特征有了很大的改变。现有的牵引供电系统保护配置已经不能满足需要,必须全面研究适合贯通式同相供电系统的继电保护配置方案。
本文首先介绍了同相供电系统的结构和特点,分析了同相贯通供电的一次接线方案,推导出了AT供电单线与复线牵引网等值电路。然后根据等值电路计算出牵引网发生T-R、T-F与R-F三种常见短路故障时变电所出口测得的短路阻抗的解析式。利用Matlab/Simulink工具建立同相贯通供电系统和交-直-交变电所仿真模型,对变电所以及牵引网常见的故障进行仿真分析。
最后根据以上理论和仿真分析,结合同相贯通供电系统的结构和故障特性,分析了各种故障时保护的动作流程及不同保护间的相互配合。提出了一种适于同相贯通供电系统的继电保护方案。
The traditional electric traction power supply system need set neutral sections, and it has problems of negative sequence, harmonics, reactive power. These problems influence the improvement of railway high-speed and overloading. On base of co-phase traction power supply system, This paper researched the co-phase continuous traction power supply system. The co-phase continuous traction power supply system can eliminate the negative sequence, improve the power factor and deal with the problem of harmonic. In addition, it can fundamentally solve the problem of neutral sections.
The co-phase continuous traction power supply system which connected with the three phase power system is an AC-DC-AC system. This system constitutes by three phase rectifier, DC storage, single phase inverter and isolation transformers. In addition to solve the problem of power quality, because of many power sources supply power at the same time, this system also have advantages of long distance supply and integrated power index advanced. However, the system impedance and short circuit capacity are different from the traditional electric traction power supply system. At the same time, the fault electrical characteristics are changed. The traditional relay configurations can't meet the new needs. So we must research on the new relay configurations which suitable for the co-phase continuous traction power supply system.
First, this paper introduced the structure and characteristics of the co-phase continuous traction power supply system, analysis the development of co-phase traction power supply system and the implementation methods of co-phase traction power substation, and deduced the equivalent circuit of the AT power supply system. Then analyzed and calculated traction T-R, T-F, and F-R short-circuit parameters according the equivalent circuit. Meanwhile, this paper established the corresponding MATLAB/Simulink model simulation of AC-DC-AC traction power substation and traction nets system.
At last, according to the above theory and simulation analysis, Combined with the structure and fault characteristics of the co-phase continuous traction power supply system, analyzed the action process of the protection and cooperation of different protections. From the above, Put forward a relay protection Configuration scheme which is suitable for the co-phase continuous traction power supply system.
与电力系统相连的同相贯通供电系统是一个交-直-交变换系统,由三相整流、直流储能、单相逆变以及隔离变压器组成。同相贯通供电系统不仅能够很好地解决电分相、负序、无功和谐波等问题；由于利用多个外部电源同时向牵引负荷供电,还具有送电能力强、综合技术经济指标高等优点。然而,贯通式供电方式及电力电子器件的采用使牵引供电系统故障情况下的电气特征有了很大的改变。现有的牵引供电系统保护配置已经不能满足需要,必须全面研究适合贯通式同相供电系统的继电保护配置方案。
本文首先介绍了同相供电系统的结构和特点,分析了同相贯通供电的一次接线方案,推导出了AT供电单线与复线牵引网等值电路。然后根据等值电路计算出牵引网发生T-R、T-F与R-F三种常见短路故障时变电所出口测得的短路阻抗的解析式。利用Matlab/Simulink工具建立同相贯通供电系统和交-直-交变电所仿真模型,对变电所以及牵引网常见的故障进行仿真分析。
最后根据以上理论和仿真分析,结合同相贯通供电系统的结构和故障特性,分析了各种故障时保护的动作流程及不同保护间的相互配合。提出了一种适于同相贯通供电系统的继电保护方案。
The traditional electric traction power supply system need set neutral sections, and it has problems of negative sequence, harmonics, reactive power. These problems influence the improvement of railway high-speed and overloading. On base of co-phase traction power supply system, This paper researched the co-phase continuous traction power supply system. The co-phase continuous traction power supply system can eliminate the negative sequence, improve the power factor and deal with the problem of harmonic. In addition, it can fundamentally solve the problem of neutral sections.
The co-phase continuous traction power supply system which connected with the three phase power system is an AC-DC-AC system. This system constitutes by three phase rectifier, DC storage, single phase inverter and isolation transformers. In addition to solve the problem of power quality, because of many power sources supply power at the same time, this system also have advantages of long distance supply and integrated power index advanced. However, the system impedance and short circuit capacity are different from the traditional electric traction power supply system. At the same time, the fault electrical characteristics are changed. The traditional relay configurations can't meet the new needs. So we must research on the new relay configurations which suitable for the co-phase continuous traction power supply system.
First, this paper introduced the structure and characteristics of the co-phase continuous traction power supply system, analysis the development of co-phase traction power supply system and the implementation methods of co-phase traction power substation, and deduced the equivalent circuit of the AT power supply system. Then analyzed and calculated traction T-R, T-F, and F-R short-circuit parameters according the equivalent circuit. Meanwhile, this paper established the corresponding MATLAB/Simulink model simulation of AC-DC-AC traction power substation and traction nets system.
At last, according to the above theory and simulation analysis, Combined with the structure and fault characteristics of the co-phase continuous traction power supply system, analyzed the action process of the protection and cooperation of different protections. From the above, Put forward a relay protection Configuration scheme which is suitable for the co-phase continuous traction power supply system.
引文
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[9]解绍锋,李群湛,贺建闽,吴命利.同相供电系统对称补偿装置控制策略研究[J].铁道学报,2002,24(2)：109—113.
[10]张秀峰,高仕斌,钱清泉,等.基于阻抗匹配平衡变压器和AT供电方式的新型同相牵引供电系统[J].铁道学报,2006,28(4)：32-37.
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[14]Pee-Chin Tan, RobertE.Morrison, Donald Grahame Holmes. Voltage Form Factor Control and Reactive Power Compensation in a 25-kV Electrified Railway System Using a Shunt Active Filter Based on Voltage Detection. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, March-April 2003, 39 (2):575-580.
[15]Zhou Sun, Xinjian Jiang, Dongqi Zhu, Guixin Zhang. A Novel Active Power Quality Compensator Topology for Electrified Railway. IEEE Transaetions on Power Electronics, July 2004,19(4):1036-1041.
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[22]Zeng Guohong, Hao Rongtai. Analysis and Design ofAn Active Power Filter for Three-Phase Balanced Electrified Railway Power Supply System. The 5th International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive System, Novotel Apollo Hotel, Singapore,2003:1510-1513.
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[30]C.Courtois. Why the 2×25kV alternative. IEE Colloquium on 50kV Autotransformer traction supply system-French Experience(Part4), Nov.1993:1-4.
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[32]郭明杰,林国松,陈小川.基于横联线电流比原理的全并联AT牵引网故障测距装置[J].继电器,2006,(22)：36-39.
[33]GaoShibin, HeWeijun. Study on the complex grounding fault Protection with high impedance for AT feeding traction system. Publication of the IEE 1993 DPSP Conference, No.328, March 1993:264-266.
[34]何兴隆.同相供电变电所继电保护方案研究[D].西南交通大学硕士研究生论文.2010.
[35]袁明旭.同相AT供电平衡变换装置保护研究[D].西南交通大学硕士研究生论文.2010.
[36]韩正庆,刘淑萍等.同相供电设备有功功率差动保护[J].电力系统自动化,2011,,35(16)：82-86.
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[2]李群湛.电气化铁道并联综合补偿及其应用[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,1993.
[3]李群湛.牵引变电所供电分析及综合补偿技术[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,2006.
[4]张秀峰.高速铁路同相AT牵引供电系统研究[D].西南交通大学博士学位论文,2006.
[5]李群湛,贺建闽.电气化铁路的同相供电系统与对称补偿技术[J].电力系统自动化,1996,20(4)：9—11.
[6]贺建闽,李群湛.用于同相供电系统的对称补偿技术[J].铁道学报,1998,20(6)：47—51.
[7]李群湛.同相供电系统的对称补偿[J].铁道学报,1991,13：35—43.
[8]吴命利,李群湛.同相供电对称补偿的接线形式与补偿装置容量选择[J].机车电传动,2000(5)：15—18.
[9]解绍锋,李群湛,贺建闽,吴命利.同相供电系统对称补偿装置控制策略研究[J].铁道学报,2002,24(2)：109—113.
[10]张秀峰,高仕斌,钱清泉,等.基于阻抗匹配平衡变压器和AT供电方式的新型同相牵引供电系统[J].铁道学报,2006,28(4)：32-37.
[11]张秀峰,李群湛,吕晓琴.基于有源滤波器的V,v接同相供电系统[J].中国铁道科学,2006,27(2)：98-103.
[12]张秀峰,连级三.基于斯科特变压器的新型同相AT牵引供电系统[J].机车电传动,2006,(4)：14-18.
[13]Tetsuo UZUKA, Shouji JKEDO, Keiji UEDA. A Static Voltage Fluctuation Compensator for AC Electric Railway. IEEE 35th Annual Power Electronics Specialist Conference, Germany,2004:1869-1873.
[14]Pee-Chin Tan, RobertE.Morrison, Donald Grahame Holmes. Voltage Form Factor Control and Reactive Power Compensation in a 25-kV Electrified Railway System Using a Shunt Active Filter Based on Voltage Detection. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, March-April 2003, 39 (2):575-580.
[15]Zhou Sun, Xinjian Jiang, Dongqi Zhu, Guixin Zhang. A Novel Active Power Quality Compensator Topology for Electrified Railway. IEEE Transaetions on Power Electronics, July 2004,19(4):1036-1041.
[16]陈民武,李群湛,魏光.新型同相牵引供电系统设计与评估[J].中国铁道科学.2009,30(5)：76—81.
[17]魏光,李群湛,黄军,等.新型同相牵引供电系统方案[J].电力系统自动化.2008,32(10)：80-83.
[18]曾国宏.基于三/单相平衡变换的铁道新型牵引供电系统研究[D].北方交通大学博士研究生论文.2002.
[19]曾国宏,SimakaFarshad,赫荣泰.三/单相平衡变换的铁路新型牵引供电系统的研究[J].机车电传动,1999(3)：14—17,21.
[20]曾国宏,郝荣泰.采用有源滤波器实现平衡变换的供电系统研究[J].铁道学报,2003,25(1)：48—53.
[21]Zeng Guohong, Zheng Qionglin, Hao Rongtai. Topology and Control Strategy of A Novel APF Based Traction Supply System. 2002 IEEE Region 10 Conference on Computers, Communications, Control and Power Engineering, Beijing,2002:2087-2090.
[22]Zeng Guohong, Hao Rongtai. Analysis and Design ofAn Active Power Filter for Three-Phase Balanced Electrified Railway Power Supply System. The 5th International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive System, Novotel Apollo Hotel, Singapore,2003:1510-1513.
[23]Liu Guangye, Yang Yihan. Three-Phase-to-Four-Phase Transformer for Four-Phase Power-Transmission Systems. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2002,17 (4):1018-1022.
[24]高仕斌.高速铁路牵引供电系统新型保护原理研究[D].西南交通大学博士研究生学位论文,2004
[25]陈小川,贺威俊,高仕斌.电牵引系统新型微机自适应馈线保护故障测距原理与特性[J].铁道学报,1995,17(Suppl.):1-7.
[26]卢涛,韩正庆,王继芳.全并联AT供电方式的故障测距方法[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2006,(02)：27-30.
[27]E.Pilo,et. "A reduced representation of 2x25kV electrical systems for high-speed railway", Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE/ASME Joint Rail conference April.
[28]Dr.Tevfik Sezi,et. "Protection Scheme for a New AC Railway Traction Power System",1999 IEEE.
[29]Siemens.7SA518/519(V3.2) Numerical Overhead Contact-line Protection[J]. Instruction Manual, OrderNo.:C53000-G1176-C108-3, Nov. 1999.
[30]C.Courtois. Why the 2×25kV alternative. IEE Colloquium on 50kV Autotransformer traction supply system-French Experience(Part4), Nov.1993:1-4.
[31]曾晓红,高仕斌.AT供电牵引网断线接地故障及其馈线保护动作行为分析[J].铁道学报,1996,(02)：87-91.
[32]郭明杰,林国松,陈小川.基于横联线电流比原理的全并联AT牵引网故障测距装置[J].继电器,2006,(22)：36-39.
[33]GaoShibin, HeWeijun. Study on the complex grounding fault Protection with high impedance for AT feeding traction system. Publication of the IEE 1993 DPSP Conference, No.328, March 1993:264-266.
[34]何兴隆.同相供电变电所继电保护方案研究[D].西南交通大学硕士研究生论文.2010.
[35]袁明旭.同相AT供电平衡变换装置保护研究[D].西南交通大学硕士研究生论文.2010.
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