基于MSP430的原油含水率测量
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摘要
原油含水率是石油化工行业石油采集、冶炼及运输过程中一个重要的参数，原油含水率测量是否准确对于确定原油的品质和明确原油交易时双方的利益有重要的意义。油水混合物有两种状态：油包水(低于30％的低含水率)和水包油(高于30％的高含水率)。高含水率测量主要应用于石油的采集，而低含水率应用于石油的冶炼和运输过程。目前国内只能对高含水率进行在线测量，而很少有在线的准确的低含水率的测量仪，基本上都是引进加拿大等国外的产品。本文利用了差动电荷转移法测量原油的介电常数的变化的原理来测量原油低含水率(0％—10％)，去除了分布电容和电阻对测量精度的影响。并且对油样的变化和温度的变化、以及测量仪长时间使用后的结蜡对测量的影响进行了探索。采用三维样条插值法进行温度补偿，很好的解决了温度漂移。对于现场的油样的变化和长时间使用后的结蜡导致测量发生漂移的问题，采用了一点测量值校正的方法进行现场校正，方便工人的使用。
硬件上使用了德州仪器公司的MSP430 Flash低功耗型单片机，用液晶显示器显示，整体上降低了仪表的功耗。测量仪可以通过RS485与上位机通信，可以方便二次仪表的监测和数据处理。并有4-20mA标准电流输出。
Water content in crude oil is an important parameter of oil industry in the process of mining, smelting and transporting, so the precision of oil's water content is of significance for confirming the oil's quality and definite interest of both sides of trade . Oil-water mixture has two state: water in oil emulsion (low water content under 30%) and oil in water emulsion(high water content up 30%).Now the factories only can measure high water content online in china, but have no precise online low water content measuring instrument. A majority of those precise online low water content measuring instruments are imported from Canada and other foreign countries. Measurement of oil's low water content (0%-10%) is based on the theory of measuring oil's dielectric constant with the differential charge transferring method in this paper. The effect of stray capacitance and resistance on accuracy is reduced greatly. How the wax deposit and the variety of oil sample and temperature affect measurement is also studied. Te
mperature shifting is solved through temperature compensation with triple spline interpolation. For the problem of wax deposit after long time use, it is revised with one point of measurement. It is convenient for workers' operation.
The instrument use MSP430 Flash low power MCU and LCD in hardware. So this instrument need very low power. This instrument also can communicate with PC through RS485. It is convenient for supervising and data processing. And it has 4-20mA current output.
硬件上使用了德州仪器公司的MSP430 Flash低功耗型单片机，用液晶显示器显示，整体上降低了仪表的功耗。测量仪可以通过RS485与上位机通信，可以方便二次仪表的监测和数据处理。并有4-20mA标准电流输出。
Water content in crude oil is an important parameter of oil industry in the process of mining, smelting and transporting, so the precision of oil's water content is of significance for confirming the oil's quality and definite interest of both sides of trade . Oil-water mixture has two state: water in oil emulsion (low water content under 30%) and oil in water emulsion(high water content up 30%).Now the factories only can measure high water content online in china, but have no precise online low water content measuring instrument. A majority of those precise online low water content measuring instruments are imported from Canada and other foreign countries. Measurement of oil's low water content (0%-10%) is based on the theory of measuring oil's dielectric constant with the differential charge transferring method in this paper. The effect of stray capacitance and resistance on accuracy is reduced greatly. How the wax deposit and the variety of oil sample and temperature affect measurement is also studied. Te
mperature shifting is solved through temperature compensation with triple spline interpolation. For the problem of wax deposit after long time use, it is revised with one point of measurement. It is convenient for workers' operation.
The instrument use MSP430 Flash low power MCU and LCD in hardware. So this instrument need very low power. This instrument also can communicate with PC through RS485. It is convenient for supervising and data processing. And it has 4-20mA current output.
引文
1) 庞彦斌．密度法测量原油含水率的误差分析．石油大学学报(自然科学版)1994(6)：116-121．
2) 赵千锁，徐伟．短波原油含水监测仪及其应用．化工自动化及仪表．1996，23(1)：60-62．
3) 陆国强．射频法原油含水分析仪．现代科学仪器．1994(3)：30-31．
4) 张燕燕，柳松旺．利用电容法测含水率．电子技术应用．1997(10)：32-33．
5) 李秀农，李民．电容法原油含水分析仪的研究．黑龙江大学自然科学学报．1998，15(1)：84—87．
6) 曾亚波．用电荷转移原理测量水分．传感器技术。1991(3)．
7) E. C. 克里切夫斯基．水分检测的原理与装置．中国计量出版社．1986年，256页．
8) 庄海军，刘兴斌，梅艳．一种测量油井产液含水率的电容式传感器．传感器技术．1997，16(2)：39—41．
9) 郝雪岩，姚彦秋，李雪松．原油低含水率传感器的研制．信息技术．2002(7)：62—63．
10) 刘连浩，杨欣荣，凌玉华，孙克辉．重油含水率的测量方法．中南工业大学学报．1998，29(1)．
11) 庄海军，刘兴斌．温度、矿化度对高频电容法测持水率的影响．测井技术，1996，20(1)：21—27．
12) 戴敬，邵富群，马永轩，高成城．充放电电容检测电路中电荷注入影响的补偿．沈阳工业学院学报．2000，19(4)：16—20．
13) 凌玉华，杨欣荣，孙克辉，刘连浩．重油介质极化机理及含水量检测．中南工业大学学报．1998，29(4)．
14) 彭黎辉，张宝芬，姚丹亚，高丽．重新评价基于充放电原理的微电容测量电路．计量学报．1998，19(4)：304—311．
15) 金海龙．基于MSP1121的便携式辛烷值测定仪．测控技术．2001，20(8)：15—19．
16) 王玉田，杨莹，王莉田．差动电荷转移式原油含水率测量仪的研究．工业仪表与自动化装置．1999(4)：23—25。
17) Huang S.M.,Green R G,Plaskowski A,etc. A high frequency stray-immune capacitance transducer based on the charge transfer principle. IEEE Trans, 1998,IM-37(3):368-373.
18) Yang W.Q.. Key features of newly-designed capacitance of FLOMEKO' 96,Beijing, 1996,480-485.
19) S M Huangm,.J feklden, R G Green and M S Beck. A New Capacitance transducer for industrial application. J Phys. E: Sci. Instrum. 1998(21):251-256.
20) S M Huangm, J Feklden, R G Green and M S Beck. lectronic transducer for industrial measurement of low value capacitance.. J Phys E: Sci. Instrum. 1988(21): 242—250.
21) Shenley A Tomography. A tool for optimizing process—New sensors, image-processing algorithms and data processing techniques are yielding real-time corss section image of condition inside process equipment. Chemical Engineering. 1995; 102(10): 30—33.
22) Plaskowski A B, Beck M S, Krawaczynski J S. Flow imaging for muti-component flow measurement. Trans Inst Meas control.1987, 9(2): 108—112.
23) Huang S M, Plaskowski A B, Xie C G,etc. Tomographic imaging system of two-component flow using capacitance sensors. J Phys E: Sci Instrum. 1989, 22(3): 173—177.
24) Wang Yiming, Yu Haibo. Capacitance transducers and cross-correlation techniques for two phase flow measurement. Proceedings of FLOMEKO'96, Beijing. 1996: 307—312.
25)Shao Fuqun, Lu Zhengxi, etc. Mass flow measurment of pulverized coal in pneumatic conveying systems. Proceedings of FLOMEKO'96, Beijing.1996: 401—404.
26)杜有如，沈联芳，孔渝华，胡爱国．几种典型国产活性炭吸附各种烃类的NMR研究．物理化学学报，1998，(3)．
27)刘松龄。一种高频测量微小电容的电路．中南民族学报(自然科学版)．1999(3)：13—16．
28)杨仁德，孙光亚，姜海涛，何友良．原油低含水分析仪传感器的研制．1998，35(390)：36—38．
29)孙克辉等．重油含水率自动检测系统研究．湖南冶金．1999，7(4)：7—10．
2) 赵千锁，徐伟．短波原油含水监测仪及其应用．化工自动化及仪表．1996，23(1)：60-62．
3) 陆国强．射频法原油含水分析仪．现代科学仪器．1994(3)：30-31．
4) 张燕燕，柳松旺．利用电容法测含水率．电子技术应用．1997(10)：32-33．
5) 李秀农，李民．电容法原油含水分析仪的研究．黑龙江大学自然科学学报．1998，15(1)：84—87．
6) 曾亚波．用电荷转移原理测量水分．传感器技术。1991(3)．
7) E. C. 克里切夫斯基．水分检测的原理与装置．中国计量出版社．1986年，256页．
8) 庄海军，刘兴斌，梅艳．一种测量油井产液含水率的电容式传感器．传感器技术．1997，16(2)：39—41．
9) 郝雪岩，姚彦秋，李雪松．原油低含水率传感器的研制．信息技术．2002(7)：62—63．
10) 刘连浩，杨欣荣，凌玉华，孙克辉．重油含水率的测量方法．中南工业大学学报．1998，29(1)．
11) 庄海军，刘兴斌．温度、矿化度对高频电容法测持水率的影响．测井技术，1996，20(1)：21—27．
12) 戴敬，邵富群，马永轩，高成城．充放电电容检测电路中电荷注入影响的补偿．沈阳工业学院学报．2000，19(4)：16—20．
13) 凌玉华，杨欣荣，孙克辉，刘连浩．重油介质极化机理及含水量检测．中南工业大学学报．1998，29(4)．
14) 彭黎辉，张宝芬，姚丹亚，高丽．重新评价基于充放电原理的微电容测量电路．计量学报．1998，19(4)：304—311．
15) 金海龙．基于MSP1121的便携式辛烷值测定仪．测控技术．2001，20(8)：15—19．
16) 王玉田，杨莹，王莉田．差动电荷转移式原油含水率测量仪的研究．工业仪表与自动化装置．1999(4)：23—25。
17) Huang S.M.,Green R G,Plaskowski A,etc. A high frequency stray-immune capacitance transducer based on the charge transfer principle. IEEE Trans, 1998,IM-37(3):368-373.
18) Yang W.Q.. Key features of newly-designed capacitance of FLOMEKO' 96,Beijing, 1996,480-485.
19) S M Huangm,.J feklden, R G Green and M S Beck. A New Capacitance transducer for industrial application. J Phys. E: Sci. Instrum. 1998(21):251-256.
20) S M Huangm, J Feklden, R G Green and M S Beck. lectronic transducer for industrial measurement of low value capacitance.. J Phys E: Sci. Instrum. 1988(21): 242—250.
21) Shenley A Tomography. A tool for optimizing process—New sensors, image-processing algorithms and data processing techniques are yielding real-time corss section image of condition inside process equipment. Chemical Engineering. 1995; 102(10): 30—33.
22) Plaskowski A B, Beck M S, Krawaczynski J S. Flow imaging for muti-component flow measurement. Trans Inst Meas control.1987, 9(2): 108—112.
23) Huang S M, Plaskowski A B, Xie C G,etc. Tomographic imaging system of two-component flow using capacitance sensors. J Phys E: Sci Instrum. 1989, 22(3): 173—177.
24) Wang Yiming, Yu Haibo. Capacitance transducers and cross-correlation techniques for two phase flow measurement. Proceedings of FLOMEKO'96, Beijing. 1996: 307—312.
25)Shao Fuqun, Lu Zhengxi, etc. Mass flow measurment of pulverized coal in pneumatic conveying systems. Proceedings of FLOMEKO'96, Beijing.1996: 401—404.
26)杜有如，沈联芳，孔渝华，胡爱国．几种典型国产活性炭吸附各种烃类的NMR研究．物理化学学报，1998，(3)．
27)刘松龄。一种高频测量微小电容的电路．中南民族学报(自然科学版)．1999(3)：13—16．
28)杨仁德，孙光亚，姜海涛，何友良．原油低含水分析仪传感器的研制．1998，35(390)：36—38．
29)孙克辉等．重油含水率自动检测系统研究．湖南冶金．1999，7(4)：7—10．