南岳衡山生态旅游构建及其运筹策略研究
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摘要
生态旅游是目前最具生命力的一种旅游形式。生态旅游构建及其运筹策略研究,既是生态旅游理论研究与实证研究的桥梁,也是当前应用生态学研究热点。
南岳衡山为五岳名山,历史与山川的融合,形成自然景观与人文景观交相辉映,相得益彰。自然生态景观丰富奇特且具不可替代性,具有开展生态旅游得天独厚的生态环境优势;也是一个久负盛名的文明奥区,其保护生态旅游资源丰富且品味别具一格,佛道儒共存共荣的宗教文化之盛为他山罕见,“地脉天成,文脉共生”的寿文化品牌已成雏形。其生态旅游资源具有自然与人文渗透融合的特性,同时又兼具风景名胜区暨自然保护区的共性。
本研究从“人与自然”和谐共生系统的高度,借鉴生态学、旅游学、地理学、林学及系统科学等有关理论和方法,集成生态旅游理论,对南岳生态旅游资源进行深入细致调研及定性与定量结合的综合评价。重新设计了生态旅游资源评价指标,新增了社区居民参与旅游及支撑条件的指标,突出了旅游地生态旅游资源的保护,提出了区域特色文化是评价指标的一个重要方面。
从南岳生态旅游客源市场、游客生态意识、生态旅游行为及生态旅游评价等方面开展其生态旅游市场的调研与剖析。同时,重点采用SWOT分析模式整体剖析南岳“生态-经济-社会”持续发展三维复合系统,并针对其生态旅游开发过程中存在问题,提出了南岳生态旅游的战略目标、构建体系及运筹策略。
结合南岳实际并参考相关标准,对关键技术指标——南岳生态旅游环境容量进行测算,并将其生态旅游环境容量定义为境内水资源环境容量,同时从游客流量、线路统筹及环境再生的调控角度出发提出南岳生态旅游环境容量调控对策。
通过对南岳本底旅游形象的剖析,为彰显其“内秀于文,外秀于林”的生态内蕴,妙和“寿岳”(最具优势的生态人文资源)与“独秀”(最具特质的自然生态)两个优势因子,更新提炼其诱导性领先形象——“寿岳独秀”。从定位品牌核心理念和品牌形象标志设计两方面入手进行品牌形象塑造。
在“寿岳独秀”品牌形象及核心理念的支撑下,以传承寿文化为主线,以“寿”贯穿始终,以品牌主题与形象为基点,以融合地域文化为核心,以满足旅游者需要为目的、细分生态旅游目标市场为基础,营造四个主题园,设计五条生态旅游专线,开发六种生态旅游产品,并拓宽促销渠道与方式。
此外,从加强生态旅游管理、建立有效社区参与机制、人力资源建设等方面,构建南岳生态旅游可持续发展的保障机制。
本研究结果,既可为南岳生态旅游的构建及其运筹策略从理论与实践提供新的思路与参考,促进南岳和湖南生态旅游业的健康持续发展,为南岳申报世界自然文化遗产打下良好基础。同时,也能为自然保护区暨风景名胜区生态旅游构建及其运筹策略从理论和实践提供一定的参考价值和现实观照。
Eco-tourism is a kind of travelling form which has the greatest vitality at present. The sustainable development of eco-tourism is the hot spot in applied ecology research, and the trend of world tourism as well.
Heng Mountain is one of the Five Sacred Mountains in China. The combination of history, mountains and rivers makes the natural and humanities landscape enhance each other. Its natural ecological landscape is not rich and unique, but also irreplaceable, with the ecological environment superiority to develop eco-tourism. It is also a place with long standing reputation, having rich and distinctive protecting eco-tourism resources, and it has a rare shining eco-religious culture in which Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism coexist. The brand of ecological longevity culture has already become an embryonic form. The eco-tourism resources there has the feature of mixing nature and humanities together. In the meantime, it possess the general character of both state scenic spot and natural reserve.
From the aspect of harmonious coexistence system of human and nature, using the related theories and methods of ecology, tourism, geography, forestry science and systematic science, on the basis of eco-tourism theory integration, this article makes deep and careful research as well as comprehensive comment which combines the nature and quantity on the eco-tourism resources in Heng Mt, redesigns the evaluating target of the eco-tourism resources, adds the target about community residents participating tourism, stresses the eco-tourism resources protection in the resorts, and also proposes that regional characteristic culture is an essential aspect of the evaluating target.
It develops analysis and research from the point of tourism source market, tourists' ecological consciousness, eco-tourism behaviors and evaluations. Meanwhile, it adapts the SWOT mode to analysis the "eco-economy-society" sustainable development three dimensional multiplexed system in Heng Mt., and in view of the problems existing in the course of eco-tourism development, it proposes the strategic target, developing mode and the countermeasures for the sustainable development of eco-tourism of Heng Mt.
Referring to the actual situation in Heng Mt. and related standards, it calculates the key technological target, i.e. the eco-tourism environment capacity, and define it as the environmental capacity of water resources. It proposes the regulating policy towards the eco-tourism environment from the aspects of visitors current, tourism line planning and evironment regenerating regulation.
By analysizing the basic tourism image of Heng Mt., it unites "longevity"(a kind of ecological humanity resource with the most superiority) and "unique beauty"(a kind of natural ecology with the most special characteristics) together to show the ecological embodiment of "being elegant with wisdom inside and forests outside", regenerates induced leading image, i.e. "the unique longevity mountain", and accomplishes the brand image molding from the aspects of fixing brand core idea and brand image symbol design.
In support of the brand image and core idea of "the unique longevity mountain", inheriting the longevity culture, putting longevity throughout the line, based on brand subject and image, making combining regional culture its core, it creates four theme parks, designs five tourism routes, develops six types of eco-tourism products and broadens the promoting methods to satisfy the demands of the tourists.
What is more, the article constructs the guarantee mechanism for the sustainable development of eco-tourism of Heng Mt., from the aspects of enhancing eco-tourism management, establishing effective community participating system and improving human resource, etc.
The final result of this research, not only provides new thoughts and reference for the sustainable development of eco-tourism of Heng Mt. in theory and practice, and improves the healthy sustained development of Heng Mt. as well as the eco-tourism in Hunan, promoting its all-round economic development and prepares for Heng Mt. declaring the natural and cultural legacy, but also offers certain reference value as well as realistic contemplation in the aspects of theory and practice for the establishment and operation strategy of the eco-tourism in the state scenic spot and natural reserve.
南岳衡山为五岳名山,历史与山川的融合,形成自然景观与人文景观交相辉映,相得益彰。自然生态景观丰富奇特且具不可替代性,具有开展生态旅游得天独厚的生态环境优势;也是一个久负盛名的文明奥区,其保护生态旅游资源丰富且品味别具一格,佛道儒共存共荣的宗教文化之盛为他山罕见,“地脉天成,文脉共生”的寿文化品牌已成雏形。其生态旅游资源具有自然与人文渗透融合的特性,同时又兼具风景名胜区暨自然保护区的共性。
本研究从“人与自然”和谐共生系统的高度,借鉴生态学、旅游学、地理学、林学及系统科学等有关理论和方法,集成生态旅游理论,对南岳生态旅游资源进行深入细致调研及定性与定量结合的综合评价。重新设计了生态旅游资源评价指标,新增了社区居民参与旅游及支撑条件的指标,突出了旅游地生态旅游资源的保护,提出了区域特色文化是评价指标的一个重要方面。
从南岳生态旅游客源市场、游客生态意识、生态旅游行为及生态旅游评价等方面开展其生态旅游市场的调研与剖析。同时,重点采用SWOT分析模式整体剖析南岳“生态-经济-社会”持续发展三维复合系统,并针对其生态旅游开发过程中存在问题,提出了南岳生态旅游的战略目标、构建体系及运筹策略。
结合南岳实际并参考相关标准,对关键技术指标——南岳生态旅游环境容量进行测算,并将其生态旅游环境容量定义为境内水资源环境容量,同时从游客流量、线路统筹及环境再生的调控角度出发提出南岳生态旅游环境容量调控对策。
通过对南岳本底旅游形象的剖析,为彰显其“内秀于文,外秀于林”的生态内蕴,妙和“寿岳”(最具优势的生态人文资源)与“独秀”(最具特质的自然生态)两个优势因子,更新提炼其诱导性领先形象——“寿岳独秀”。从定位品牌核心理念和品牌形象标志设计两方面入手进行品牌形象塑造。
在“寿岳独秀”品牌形象及核心理念的支撑下,以传承寿文化为主线,以“寿”贯穿始终,以品牌主题与形象为基点,以融合地域文化为核心,以满足旅游者需要为目的、细分生态旅游目标市场为基础,营造四个主题园,设计五条生态旅游专线,开发六种生态旅游产品,并拓宽促销渠道与方式。
此外,从加强生态旅游管理、建立有效社区参与机制、人力资源建设等方面,构建南岳生态旅游可持续发展的保障机制。
本研究结果,既可为南岳生态旅游的构建及其运筹策略从理论与实践提供新的思路与参考,促进南岳和湖南生态旅游业的健康持续发展,为南岳申报世界自然文化遗产打下良好基础。同时,也能为自然保护区暨风景名胜区生态旅游构建及其运筹策略从理论和实践提供一定的参考价值和现实观照。
Eco-tourism is a kind of travelling form which has the greatest vitality at present. The sustainable development of eco-tourism is the hot spot in applied ecology research, and the trend of world tourism as well.
Heng Mountain is one of the Five Sacred Mountains in China. The combination of history, mountains and rivers makes the natural and humanities landscape enhance each other. Its natural ecological landscape is not rich and unique, but also irreplaceable, with the ecological environment superiority to develop eco-tourism. It is also a place with long standing reputation, having rich and distinctive protecting eco-tourism resources, and it has a rare shining eco-religious culture in which Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism coexist. The brand of ecological longevity culture has already become an embryonic form. The eco-tourism resources there has the feature of mixing nature and humanities together. In the meantime, it possess the general character of both state scenic spot and natural reserve.
From the aspect of harmonious coexistence system of human and nature, using the related theories and methods of ecology, tourism, geography, forestry science and systematic science, on the basis of eco-tourism theory integration, this article makes deep and careful research as well as comprehensive comment which combines the nature and quantity on the eco-tourism resources in Heng Mt, redesigns the evaluating target of the eco-tourism resources, adds the target about community residents participating tourism, stresses the eco-tourism resources protection in the resorts, and also proposes that regional characteristic culture is an essential aspect of the evaluating target.
It develops analysis and research from the point of tourism source market, tourists' ecological consciousness, eco-tourism behaviors and evaluations. Meanwhile, it adapts the SWOT mode to analysis the "eco-economy-society" sustainable development three dimensional multiplexed system in Heng Mt., and in view of the problems existing in the course of eco-tourism development, it proposes the strategic target, developing mode and the countermeasures for the sustainable development of eco-tourism of Heng Mt.
Referring to the actual situation in Heng Mt. and related standards, it calculates the key technological target, i.e. the eco-tourism environment capacity, and define it as the environmental capacity of water resources. It proposes the regulating policy towards the eco-tourism environment from the aspects of visitors current, tourism line planning and evironment regenerating regulation.
By analysizing the basic tourism image of Heng Mt., it unites "longevity"(a kind of ecological humanity resource with the most superiority) and "unique beauty"(a kind of natural ecology with the most special characteristics) together to show the ecological embodiment of "being elegant with wisdom inside and forests outside", regenerates induced leading image, i.e. "the unique longevity mountain", and accomplishes the brand image molding from the aspects of fixing brand core idea and brand image symbol design.
In support of the brand image and core idea of "the unique longevity mountain", inheriting the longevity culture, putting longevity throughout the line, based on brand subject and image, making combining regional culture its core, it creates four theme parks, designs five tourism routes, develops six types of eco-tourism products and broadens the promoting methods to satisfy the demands of the tourists.
What is more, the article constructs the guarantee mechanism for the sustainable development of eco-tourism of Heng Mt., from the aspects of enhancing eco-tourism management, establishing effective community participating system and improving human resource, etc.
The final result of this research, not only provides new thoughts and reference for the sustainable development of eco-tourism of Heng Mt. in theory and practice, and improves the healthy sustained development of Heng Mt. as well as the eco-tourism in Hunan, promoting its all-round economic development and prepares for Heng Mt. declaring the natural and cultural legacy, but also offers certain reference value as well as realistic contemplation in the aspects of theory and practice for the establishment and operation strategy of the eco-tourism in the state scenic spot and natural reserve.
引文
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