面向智能电网的人工蛛网路由算法研究
|
摘要
智能电网通信体系由传统的SDH环网向MESH网络过渡,虽然MESH网络有着良好的抵抗多径中断的能力,但是其路由协议还很不完善,传统的IP路由协议在MESH网络上应用也有很大的局限,路由协议已经成了MESH网络在智能电网通信体系应用的瓶颈。针对该问题,本文受自然界蜘蛛织网与捕食行为的启发,提出了一种适合应用于MESH网络的路由算法。
首先,本文对智能电网研究现状进行了论述,分析了智能电网对通信网络的性能需求,并对电力骨干通信网与智能变电站的通信网络拓扑结构进行了深入的分析,比较了智能网络拓扑结构的优缺点。
其次,对自然圆网的拓扑结构与振动信息在蛛网传递机理进行论述,比较分析人工蛛网与现有通信网络的相似性,并由此构建人工蛛网网络模型,采用因子定理对人工蛛网网络模型与智能电网现有的网络模型进行可靠性分析,为后续章节的仿真分析奠定理论基础。
然后,本文研究了将智能电网骨干通信网络拓扑模型转化为标准的人工蛛网模型的一般性标准化方法,为人工蛛网路由算法在智能电网的应用提供了网络拓扑基础;人工蛛网路由算法引入MPLS的标签交换的原理,实现对数据分组的快速转发。
最后,采用OPNET仿真软件建立了人工蛛网模和不规则MESH网络的仿真模型,并将单层人工蛛网模型与星形、环形、双星形与双环型等网络模型进行了平均丢包率、端到端延时等比较,仿真结果表明:人工蛛网网络标准化方法和路由策略具有良好网络性能,可以应用于智能电网的通信体系中。
Communication networks of smart grid is transforming from traditional SDH network to MESH network.Although MESH network can well resist multipath interruption, its routing protocols are not perfect, and the application of traditional IP routing protocols to MESH network is limited,thus makes it a bottleneck in the application of MESH network in communication system of smart grid. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a routing algorithm, which is inspired by the spinning and predation behavior of spiders and can be better applied in MESH network.
First, this paper introduces the current researches on smart grid, analysises the performance requirements and topology structure of smart grid communication networks, and compares network topologies of smart grid.
Second, the topological structure of natural spiderweb and the transferring mechanism of vibration information in spiderwebs are discussed, and the similarities between artificial spiderwebs and existing communication networks are compared and analysed. Based on this,an artificial spiderweb network model is built. And with Factorization Theorem reliability analysis of artificial spiderweb network model and traditional network model is conducted, which will lay theoretical foundation for the simulation analysis of subsequent chapters.
This paper then studies the general standardization method of transforming backbone communication network topology of smart grid into standard artificial spiderweb model, which will lay foundation for the application of artificial spiderweb routing algorithm in smart grid. Artificial spiderweb routing algorithm introduces the principle of label switching in multi-protocol label switching (MPLS), which can meet the demand for fast forwarding data packets.
Finally, the simulation models of artificial spiderweb model and irregular MESH network are built with simulation software OPNET, and the average packet loss rate, end-to-end delay etc. of single-layer artificial spiderweb model are compared with that of star, ring, double star and double ring networks.The simulation results indicate that artificial spiderweb network standardization method and routing strategies have good network communication performance and can be used in the communication system of smart grid.
首先,本文对智能电网研究现状进行了论述,分析了智能电网对通信网络的性能需求,并对电力骨干通信网与智能变电站的通信网络拓扑结构进行了深入的分析,比较了智能网络拓扑结构的优缺点。
其次,对自然圆网的拓扑结构与振动信息在蛛网传递机理进行论述,比较分析人工蛛网与现有通信网络的相似性,并由此构建人工蛛网网络模型,采用因子定理对人工蛛网网络模型与智能电网现有的网络模型进行可靠性分析,为后续章节的仿真分析奠定理论基础。
然后,本文研究了将智能电网骨干通信网络拓扑模型转化为标准的人工蛛网模型的一般性标准化方法,为人工蛛网路由算法在智能电网的应用提供了网络拓扑基础;人工蛛网路由算法引入MPLS的标签交换的原理,实现对数据分组的快速转发。
最后,采用OPNET仿真软件建立了人工蛛网模和不规则MESH网络的仿真模型,并将单层人工蛛网模型与星形、环形、双星形与双环型等网络模型进行了平均丢包率、端到端延时等比较,仿真结果表明:人工蛛网网络标准化方法和路由策略具有良好网络性能,可以应用于智能电网的通信体系中。
Communication networks of smart grid is transforming from traditional SDH network to MESH network.Although MESH network can well resist multipath interruption, its routing protocols are not perfect, and the application of traditional IP routing protocols to MESH network is limited,thus makes it a bottleneck in the application of MESH network in communication system of smart grid. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a routing algorithm, which is inspired by the spinning and predation behavior of spiders and can be better applied in MESH network.
First, this paper introduces the current researches on smart grid, analysises the performance requirements and topology structure of smart grid communication networks, and compares network topologies of smart grid.
Second, the topological structure of natural spiderweb and the transferring mechanism of vibration information in spiderwebs are discussed, and the similarities between artificial spiderwebs and existing communication networks are compared and analysed. Based on this,an artificial spiderweb network model is built. And with Factorization Theorem reliability analysis of artificial spiderweb network model and traditional network model is conducted, which will lay theoretical foundation for the simulation analysis of subsequent chapters.
This paper then studies the general standardization method of transforming backbone communication network topology of smart grid into standard artificial spiderweb model, which will lay foundation for the application of artificial spiderweb routing algorithm in smart grid. Artificial spiderweb routing algorithm introduces the principle of label switching in multi-protocol label switching (MPLS), which can meet the demand for fast forwarding data packets.
Finally, the simulation models of artificial spiderweb model and irregular MESH network are built with simulation software OPNET, and the average packet loss rate, end-to-end delay etc. of single-layer artificial spiderweb model are compared with that of star, ring, double star and double ring networks.The simulation results indicate that artificial spiderweb network standardization method and routing strategies have good network communication performance and can be used in the communication system of smart grid.
引文
[1]宋永华,杨霞.以智能电网解决21世纪电力供应面临的挑战[J].电力技术经济,2009,21(6):1-8.
[2]王若黎.关键通信技术在智能电网中的应用[J].硅谷,2010(19):158-160.
[3]刘振亚.智能电网技术[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2010:6-11.
[4]张海亮,岳在春.“多网融合”技术架构下的智能电网[J].电信科学,2010,3(12):1-4
[5]许晓慧.智能电网导论[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2009:1-22.
[6] Liu ChenChing. Strategic Power Infrastructure Defense (SPID)[C]// IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting, USA: IEEE, 2004:1-6.
[7] Qiu Bin, Liu Yilu, PHADKE A G. Communication Infrastructure Design for Strategic Power Infrastructure Defense (SPID) System[C]// 2002 IEEE Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting, USA: IEEE, 2002:1672–677.
[8] Hughes J W, Von Dollbe D W. Developing an Integrated Energy and Communications Systems Architecture: the Initial Steps[C]// 2004 IEEE PES Power Systems Conference and Expostion, USA:IEEE PES,2004,3:1651-1654
[9] Litos Strategic Communication. The Smart Grid: An Introduction[M]. Printed inUnited States of American, 2008:2-43.
[10] Steve Pullins. Smart Grid:Enabling The 21st Century Economy[R]. NETL, 2008:125-130
[11] U.S. Electricity Advisory Committee. Smart Grid[R]. 2009:25-45.
[12] Ericsson G. Cyber Security and Power System Communication-essential Parts of a Smart Grid Infrastructure[J]. IEEE Trans on Power Delivery, 2010, 25(3):1501-1507.
[13] Johnson M. Smart Grid Connecticity Solutions [EB/OL]. [2005-05-07]. http: //www.ngusummit.com/pdf/corinex.pdf.
[14] Paul Haaes. IntelliGrid: A Smart Network of Power[J], EPRI Journal,2005:17-28
[15]Profiling and Mapping of Intelligent Grid R&D Promgrams[R].EPRI.2006:122-134
[16] U.S.Department of Energy(DOE). Smart Grid System Report[R]. 2009:72-83.
[17]李乃湖,倪以信,孙舒婕等.智能电网及其关键技术综述[J].南方电网技术,2010,4(3):1-7.
[18]孙晶.智能电网及其通信技术[J].电力系统通信,2010,31(218):1-4.
[19] JiangHe Zhao, LiYan Wang. Information Structure of Smart Distribution Network[J]. Power System Technology, 2009, 33(15):26-31.
[20] European Commission. European Technology Platform Smart Grids:Vision and Strategy for Europe’s Electricity Networks of the Future[EB/OL]. (2008-10-10)[2011-06-18]. http:// ee. europa. eu/ research/energy/pdf/ smartgridst_en.pdf.
[21] SHEBLE G B. Smart Grid Millionaire [J]. IEEE,Power and Energy Magazine, 2008, 6(1):22?28.
[22] ISO New England Inc. Overview of Smart Grid-policies, Initiatives and Needs[R]. 2009:115-127.
[23] Electircity Research Road Map in Europe,project NO.002825,project acronym: ERMINE[R]. 2009:25-89.
[24]高俊,高志强.我国统一坚强智能电网建设综述[J].河北电力技术,2009,28:1-6.
[25]李锐. EPON在智能配电网通信建设中的应用[J].电信科学,2010,11(1):291-297.
[26]于晓东,于昉. OTN+PTN技术在电力通信网中的应用[J].电力系统通信,31(217):31-35.
[27]贾小铁,雷学义,吴云峰等. PTN为智能电网提供理想的信息通信平台[J].电力系统通信,2010,31(213):20-23.
[28]覃睿,田先钰.电力通信业务应用与发展分析[J].电力系统通信,2010,31(217):44-52.
[29]黄盛.智能配电网通信业务需求分析及技术方案[J].电力系统通信,2010,31(212):10-17.
[30]苗新,张凯,田世明.支撑智能电网的信息通信体系[J].电网技术,2009,33(17):8-13.
[31] Joe Hughes. The integrated Energy and Communication system architecture [R]. RESCA,2004:118-127.
[32]王志勇.电力SDH光纤通信网路组网优化[J].电力系统通信,2010,31(218):36-41.
[33]郭重任. SDH常用组网方式在电力通信传输网中的应用[J].江西电力,2009,33(6):55-60.
[34]范俊成. ASON在电力系统的应用分析[J].中国新通信,2010(10):5-7.
[35]梁芝贤,邱小耕,安然.智能电网对通信的影响与需求[J].电力系统通信,2010,31(215):1-4.
[36]董高原.网络通信技术在数字化变电站中的应用[J].广东科技,2009(12): 66-69.
[37]吴在军,胡敏强.基于IEC61850标准的变电站自动化系统研究[J].电网技术,2003,27(10):61-72.
[38]邱志勇,陈建明. 500kV数字化变电站组网方式及VLAN划分探讨[J].电工电能新技术,2009,28(4):60-65.
[39] IEC 61850. Communication Networks and Systems in Substations[S]. 2004:1-40.
[40] Michael Coslovsky, Samuel Zschokke. Asymmetry in Orb-Webs: An Adaptation to Web Building Costs?[J]. Insect Behav, 2009, 22:29–38.
[41]卓春晖,蒋平,吴灵芝等.不同体重悦目金蛛的蛛网结构.动物学杂志. 2007,42(2):134-139.
[42]卓春晖,蒋平,王昌河等.蛛网结构性能及其适应性[R].四川动物,2006,25(4):898-902.
[43]陈勇,陈建勋,张勇.基于MPLS流量工程的网络仿真技术[R].武汉科技大学学报,2006,29(3):273-276.
[44] Takeshi Watanabe. Web Tuning of an Orb-web Spider, Octonoba sybotides, Regulates Prey- catching Behavior[J]. Proceedings the Royal of society B:Biological Sciences. 2000, 267:565~ 569.
[45] Hilton F, Japyassu Rodrigo A, Caires.“Hunting Tactics in a Cobweb Spider (Araneae-Theridiidae) and the Evolution of Behavioral Plasticity”[J]. Insect Behav, 2008, 21:205–212.
[46] Brent D Opell, Jason E Bond. Capture Thread Extensibility of Orb-weaving Spiders: Testing Punctuated and Associative Explanations of Character Evolution[J]. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2000, 70:107–120.
[47] Samuel Venner, Alain Pasquet, Raymond Leborgne.“Web-building Behaviour in the Orb-weaving Spider Zygiella x-notata: Influence of Experience”[J]. Animal Behaviour, 2000, 59:603–611.
[48] Samuel Zschokke. Radius Construction and Structure in the Orb-web of Zilla diodia(Araneidae)[J]. Comp Physiol A, 2000, 186:999–1005.
[49] XiaoLong Zhu, JianPing Sang, Li-Long Wang, ect. Structure Properties andSynchronizability of Cobweb-like Networks[J]. Physica A, 2008, 387 :6646–6656.
[50] Laurent Thévenard, Raymond Leborgne, Alain Pasquet. Web-building Management in an Orb-weaving spider, Zygiella x-notata: Influence of Prey and Conspecifics[J]. C. R. Biologies, 2004, 327:84–92.
[51] M A Landolfa, F G Barth.Vibrations in the Orbweb of the Spider Nephila clavipes: cues for Discrimination and Orientation[J]. Comp Physiol A. 1996, 179:493–508.
[52] Peter Risch. Quantitative Analysis of Orb Web Patterns in Four Species of Spiders[J]. Behavior Genetics, Vol. 7, No. 3, 1977:66-89.
[53] Liu Xiaosheng, Zhang Liang, Lin Jianwei. Communication Network-oriented Analysis of Transmission Mechanism of Nature Orb-web. First International Conference on Pervasive Computing, Signal Processing and Applications, September, 2010:17-19.
[54]陈明明,赵连唱.因子定理在网络可靠性分析中的应用[J].石油化工高等学校学报,2010,14(4):71-73.
[55] Boesch F T, Li X, Suff C. On the Existence of Uniformly Optimally Reliable Network[J]. Network, 1991, 21:181-194.
[56] Boesch F T. Synthesis of Reliable Networks-survey[J]. IEEE Trans.Relial, 1986, 35:240-246.
[57]包杰,高小能,涂鸿渐. MPLS体系结构与组网技术[J].中国数据通信, 2003(1):15-19.
[58] G.Armitage. MPLS:The Magic Behind the Myths[J]. IEEE Conmunication Magzine, 2000, 8(1):124-130.
[59]刘韵杰,张云勇,张智江.下一代服务质量技术[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005:131-139.
[60]辛再甫,于雪梅,陈达观. ATM网络技术[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,1998:35-39.
[61]高嵩. OPNET Modeler仿真建模大解密[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2010:1-74.
[2]王若黎.关键通信技术在智能电网中的应用[J].硅谷,2010(19):158-160.
[3]刘振亚.智能电网技术[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2010:6-11.
[4]张海亮,岳在春.“多网融合”技术架构下的智能电网[J].电信科学,2010,3(12):1-4
[5]许晓慧.智能电网导论[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2009:1-22.
[6] Liu ChenChing. Strategic Power Infrastructure Defense (SPID)[C]// IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting, USA: IEEE, 2004:1-6.
[7] Qiu Bin, Liu Yilu, PHADKE A G. Communication Infrastructure Design for Strategic Power Infrastructure Defense (SPID) System[C]// 2002 IEEE Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting, USA: IEEE, 2002:1672–677.
[8] Hughes J W, Von Dollbe D W. Developing an Integrated Energy and Communications Systems Architecture: the Initial Steps[C]// 2004 IEEE PES Power Systems Conference and Expostion, USA:IEEE PES,2004,3:1651-1654
[9] Litos Strategic Communication. The Smart Grid: An Introduction[M]. Printed inUnited States of American, 2008:2-43.
[10] Steve Pullins. Smart Grid:Enabling The 21st Century Economy[R]. NETL, 2008:125-130
[11] U.S. Electricity Advisory Committee. Smart Grid[R]. 2009:25-45.
[12] Ericsson G. Cyber Security and Power System Communication-essential Parts of a Smart Grid Infrastructure[J]. IEEE Trans on Power Delivery, 2010, 25(3):1501-1507.
[13] Johnson M. Smart Grid Connecticity Solutions [EB/OL]. [2005-05-07]. http: //www.ngusummit.com/pdf/corinex.pdf.
[14] Paul Haaes. IntelliGrid: A Smart Network of Power[J], EPRI Journal,2005:17-28
[15]Profiling and Mapping of Intelligent Grid R&D Promgrams[R].EPRI.2006:122-134
[16] U.S.Department of Energy(DOE). Smart Grid System Report[R]. 2009:72-83.
[17]李乃湖,倪以信,孙舒婕等.智能电网及其关键技术综述[J].南方电网技术,2010,4(3):1-7.
[18]孙晶.智能电网及其通信技术[J].电力系统通信,2010,31(218):1-4.
[19] JiangHe Zhao, LiYan Wang. Information Structure of Smart Distribution Network[J]. Power System Technology, 2009, 33(15):26-31.
[20] European Commission. European Technology Platform Smart Grids:Vision and Strategy for Europe’s Electricity Networks of the Future[EB/OL]. (2008-10-10)[2011-06-18]. http:// ee. europa. eu/ research/energy/pdf/ smartgridst_en.pdf.
[21] SHEBLE G B. Smart Grid Millionaire [J]. IEEE,Power and Energy Magazine, 2008, 6(1):22?28.
[22] ISO New England Inc. Overview of Smart Grid-policies, Initiatives and Needs[R]. 2009:115-127.
[23] Electircity Research Road Map in Europe,project NO.002825,project acronym: ERMINE[R]. 2009:25-89.
[24]高俊,高志强.我国统一坚强智能电网建设综述[J].河北电力技术,2009,28:1-6.
[25]李锐. EPON在智能配电网通信建设中的应用[J].电信科学,2010,11(1):291-297.
[26]于晓东,于昉. OTN+PTN技术在电力通信网中的应用[J].电力系统通信,31(217):31-35.
[27]贾小铁,雷学义,吴云峰等. PTN为智能电网提供理想的信息通信平台[J].电力系统通信,2010,31(213):20-23.
[28]覃睿,田先钰.电力通信业务应用与发展分析[J].电力系统通信,2010,31(217):44-52.
[29]黄盛.智能配电网通信业务需求分析及技术方案[J].电力系统通信,2010,31(212):10-17.
[30]苗新,张凯,田世明.支撑智能电网的信息通信体系[J].电网技术,2009,33(17):8-13.
[31] Joe Hughes. The integrated Energy and Communication system architecture [R]. RESCA,2004:118-127.
[32]王志勇.电力SDH光纤通信网路组网优化[J].电力系统通信,2010,31(218):36-41.
[33]郭重任. SDH常用组网方式在电力通信传输网中的应用[J].江西电力,2009,33(6):55-60.
[34]范俊成. ASON在电力系统的应用分析[J].中国新通信,2010(10):5-7.
[35]梁芝贤,邱小耕,安然.智能电网对通信的影响与需求[J].电力系统通信,2010,31(215):1-4.
[36]董高原.网络通信技术在数字化变电站中的应用[J].广东科技,2009(12): 66-69.
[37]吴在军,胡敏强.基于IEC61850标准的变电站自动化系统研究[J].电网技术,2003,27(10):61-72.
[38]邱志勇,陈建明. 500kV数字化变电站组网方式及VLAN划分探讨[J].电工电能新技术,2009,28(4):60-65.
[39] IEC 61850. Communication Networks and Systems in Substations[S]. 2004:1-40.
[40] Michael Coslovsky, Samuel Zschokke. Asymmetry in Orb-Webs: An Adaptation to Web Building Costs?[J]. Insect Behav, 2009, 22:29–38.
[41]卓春晖,蒋平,吴灵芝等.不同体重悦目金蛛的蛛网结构.动物学杂志. 2007,42(2):134-139.
[42]卓春晖,蒋平,王昌河等.蛛网结构性能及其适应性[R].四川动物,2006,25(4):898-902.
[43]陈勇,陈建勋,张勇.基于MPLS流量工程的网络仿真技术[R].武汉科技大学学报,2006,29(3):273-276.
[44] Takeshi Watanabe. Web Tuning of an Orb-web Spider, Octonoba sybotides, Regulates Prey- catching Behavior[J]. Proceedings the Royal of society B:Biological Sciences. 2000, 267:565~ 569.
[45] Hilton F, Japyassu Rodrigo A, Caires.“Hunting Tactics in a Cobweb Spider (Araneae-Theridiidae) and the Evolution of Behavioral Plasticity”[J]. Insect Behav, 2008, 21:205–212.
[46] Brent D Opell, Jason E Bond. Capture Thread Extensibility of Orb-weaving Spiders: Testing Punctuated and Associative Explanations of Character Evolution[J]. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2000, 70:107–120.
[47] Samuel Venner, Alain Pasquet, Raymond Leborgne.“Web-building Behaviour in the Orb-weaving Spider Zygiella x-notata: Influence of Experience”[J]. Animal Behaviour, 2000, 59:603–611.
[48] Samuel Zschokke. Radius Construction and Structure in the Orb-web of Zilla diodia(Araneidae)[J]. Comp Physiol A, 2000, 186:999–1005.
[49] XiaoLong Zhu, JianPing Sang, Li-Long Wang, ect. Structure Properties andSynchronizability of Cobweb-like Networks[J]. Physica A, 2008, 387 :6646–6656.
[50] Laurent Thévenard, Raymond Leborgne, Alain Pasquet. Web-building Management in an Orb-weaving spider, Zygiella x-notata: Influence of Prey and Conspecifics[J]. C. R. Biologies, 2004, 327:84–92.
[51] M A Landolfa, F G Barth.Vibrations in the Orbweb of the Spider Nephila clavipes: cues for Discrimination and Orientation[J]. Comp Physiol A. 1996, 179:493–508.
[52] Peter Risch. Quantitative Analysis of Orb Web Patterns in Four Species of Spiders[J]. Behavior Genetics, Vol. 7, No. 3, 1977:66-89.
[53] Liu Xiaosheng, Zhang Liang, Lin Jianwei. Communication Network-oriented Analysis of Transmission Mechanism of Nature Orb-web. First International Conference on Pervasive Computing, Signal Processing and Applications, September, 2010:17-19.
[54]陈明明,赵连唱.因子定理在网络可靠性分析中的应用[J].石油化工高等学校学报,2010,14(4):71-73.
[55] Boesch F T, Li X, Suff C. On the Existence of Uniformly Optimally Reliable Network[J]. Network, 1991, 21:181-194.
[56] Boesch F T. Synthesis of Reliable Networks-survey[J]. IEEE Trans.Relial, 1986, 35:240-246.
[57]包杰,高小能,涂鸿渐. MPLS体系结构与组网技术[J].中国数据通信, 2003(1):15-19.
[58] G.Armitage. MPLS:The Magic Behind the Myths[J]. IEEE Conmunication Magzine, 2000, 8(1):124-130.
[59]刘韵杰,张云勇,张智江.下一代服务质量技术[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005:131-139.
[60]辛再甫,于雪梅,陈达观. ATM网络技术[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,1998:35-39.
[61]高嵩. OPNET Modeler仿真建模大解密[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2010:1-74.