污水处理多模式A2/O工艺控制系统的设计与实现
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摘要
水污染引起水质不合格,水资源紧缺造成水量不足,水污染加上水资源紧缺引发水危机。而解决水问题的根本对策则是循环利用,关键便是污水处理。而为了保证经济的可持续发展,污水处理也早已成为城市开发建设中不可缺少的配套设施。
本文以上海市某大型污水处理厂为背景,设计了一套污水处理自动控制系统。污水处理工艺采用多模式A2/O工艺,即厌氧-缺氧-好氧工艺,使用正置、倒置、除磷等多种模式,能够在去除有机物的同时,达到高效同步脱氮除磷。控制系统采用三级网络架构,整合了前期的GE、西门子品牌PLC和新建的AB品牌PLC三大平台,功能齐全,组态灵活,界面友好,兼容性好,宜于扩展,而且技术成熟,性价比高。控制系统软件上位机采用WindowsXP环境下的RSView和工业实时数据库进行开发；下位机(PLC)采用RsLogix5000进行梯形图及语句表设计,实现了整个系统的无缝集成。
由于污水处理系统工艺流程复杂,一般采用人工调整法进行溶解氧控制,这种方法无法适应进水水质、水量的变化,为保证出水达标,往往曝气过量,使能耗增高。控制系统采用生物工艺智能优化系统(BIOS)与PLC智能控制系统相结合,对生物反应池的溶解氧DO和内回流比IRQ实现了稳定控制,保证了出水水质及节能降耗20～40%。
Water pollution causes water unqualified, water shortage causes inadequate quantity of water, water pollution and water shortage causes water crisis. But the basic countermeasure to solve the water problem is cyclic utilization, and the key is the sewage treatment. But in order to guarantee the sustainable development of the economy, sewage treatment has become urban development and construction indispensable facilities.
In this paper, an automatic control system is designed based on a large sewage treatment plant in Shanghai, which adopts the improved sewage treatment process using multi-mode A2/O process (Anaerobic-Anoxic-Oxic process). The use of normal A2/O, reversed A2/O, phosphorus removal models, while removal of organic matter can achieve efficient nitrogen and phosphorus removal. Control system uses a three-tier network architecture. The whole control platform integrates early GE, Siemens PLC and new built AB PLC. The platform is fully functional, configuration flexibility, friendly interface, good compatibility, suitable for expansion, and mature technology, cost-effective. In this automatic control system, the program of upper computer is realized with RSView and industrial real-time database based on windows, and lower computer PLC is designed by trapezoid graphic software RsLogix5000 in order to achieve seamless integration of the whole system.
Because of Complex process of the sewage treatment system, generally dissolved oxygen control by manual adjustment method, this method can't adapt to change of water quality and quantity, to ensure the effluent standard, often excessive aeration, so that increased energy consumption. The control system use Biotechnology Intelligent Optimization System (BIOS) and PLC intelligent control system. The system can control algorithm of biochemical pool dissolved oxygen DO and internal reflux ratio IRQ, ensure water quality and energy saving effect 20～40%.
本文以上海市某大型污水处理厂为背景,设计了一套污水处理自动控制系统。污水处理工艺采用多模式A2/O工艺,即厌氧-缺氧-好氧工艺,使用正置、倒置、除磷等多种模式,能够在去除有机物的同时,达到高效同步脱氮除磷。控制系统采用三级网络架构,整合了前期的GE、西门子品牌PLC和新建的AB品牌PLC三大平台,功能齐全,组态灵活,界面友好,兼容性好,宜于扩展,而且技术成熟,性价比高。控制系统软件上位机采用WindowsXP环境下的RSView和工业实时数据库进行开发；下位机(PLC)采用RsLogix5000进行梯形图及语句表设计,实现了整个系统的无缝集成。
由于污水处理系统工艺流程复杂,一般采用人工调整法进行溶解氧控制,这种方法无法适应进水水质、水量的变化,为保证出水达标,往往曝气过量,使能耗增高。控制系统采用生物工艺智能优化系统(BIOS)与PLC智能控制系统相结合,对生物反应池的溶解氧DO和内回流比IRQ实现了稳定控制,保证了出水水质及节能降耗20～40%。
Water pollution causes water unqualified, water shortage causes inadequate quantity of water, water pollution and water shortage causes water crisis. But the basic countermeasure to solve the water problem is cyclic utilization, and the key is the sewage treatment. But in order to guarantee the sustainable development of the economy, sewage treatment has become urban development and construction indispensable facilities.
In this paper, an automatic control system is designed based on a large sewage treatment plant in Shanghai, which adopts the improved sewage treatment process using multi-mode A2/O process (Anaerobic-Anoxic-Oxic process). The use of normal A2/O, reversed A2/O, phosphorus removal models, while removal of organic matter can achieve efficient nitrogen and phosphorus removal. Control system uses a three-tier network architecture. The whole control platform integrates early GE, Siemens PLC and new built AB PLC. The platform is fully functional, configuration flexibility, friendly interface, good compatibility, suitable for expansion, and mature technology, cost-effective. In this automatic control system, the program of upper computer is realized with RSView and industrial real-time database based on windows, and lower computer PLC is designed by trapezoid graphic software RsLogix5000 in order to achieve seamless integration of the whole system.
Because of Complex process of the sewage treatment system, generally dissolved oxygen control by manual adjustment method, this method can't adapt to change of water quality and quantity, to ensure the effluent standard, often excessive aeration, so that increased energy consumption. The control system use Biotechnology Intelligent Optimization System (BIOS) and PLC intelligent control system. The system can control algorithm of biochemical pool dissolved oxygen DO and internal reflux ratio IRQ, ensure water quality and energy saving effect 20～40%.
引文
[1]刘欣铠.国内外城市污水处理现状及展望[J].水利天地,2005,06：13-13
[2]王宇.城市污水处理厂工艺类型与优化选择研究[J].河南化工,2010,04：34,37
[3]甘晓明等.倒置A2/O污水处理工艺的特点及应用实例[J].环境工程学报,2007,(06)：69-71.
[4]陆杰.模糊控制在污水处理系统中的应用[J].盐湖研究,2000,8(2)：29-32
[5]冯冬青,谢宋和.模糊智能控制[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2000.75-93
[6]孙增圻,张再兴,邓志东.智能控制理论与技术[M].北京：清华大学出版社,1997
[7]王先路等.污水处理中的COD模糊控制研究[J].自动化博览,2002,2：37-38,41
[8]于玲.污水的生物处理工艺[J].河北化工,2009,11：40-42,58
[9]钟家洪,张继忠SCADA系统在水厂自动化中的应用[J].工业控制计算机,2006,(09)：70-71
[10]李兵.PLC和上位机在污水处理控制系统中的应用[J].山西建筑,2004,(02)
[11]于忠斌等.工业以太网与现场总线技术[J].智能建筑与城市信息,2004,(06)：23-26
[12]孙军凯.从EtherNet/IP工业以太网到工厂信息化技术[J].自动化博览,2004,(04)：35-39
[13]赵捷.污水处理厂自动控制系统设计[J].测控技术,2005,(12)：12-14
[14]王华丰等.生物反应池溶解氧的模糊控制研究[J]自动化与仪表,2004,(04)：49-51
[15]毕学军,张波.倒置A2/O工艺生物脱氮除磷原理及其生产应用[J].环境工程,2006,(03)：29-30,9
[16]万年红.A2/O工艺的改良与设计应用[J].中国给水排水,2003,(08)：81-83
[17]王耀南.智能控制系统[M].长沙：湖南大学出版社,1995
[18]张宝军等.A2/O工艺处理城市污水的应用研究[J].煤矿环境保护,2002,(03)：32-35
[19]张杰,臧景红,杨宏,刘俊良.A2/O工艺的固有缺欠和对策研究[J].给水排水,2003,(03)：22-26
[20]王振江等.倒置A2/O生物脱氮除磷工艺的生产性试验[J].中国给水排水,2006,(19)36-38,43
[21]熊红艳,郭华芳,章云.模糊控制和PID控制结合的净水厂投药控制系统[J].自动化技术与应用,2005,(02)：55-57
[22]相会强,刘芬,刘雪莲.自动控制在污水处理中的应用[J].仪器仪表学报,2005,(52)：235-237
[23]薛凌云.一种基于过程辨识的PID参数自整定方法[J].机电工程,2003,(03)
[24]王鸣.基于模糊控制理论的一种PID参数自整定控制器的设计与仿真[J].自动化与仪器仪表,2000,(01)：14-17
[25]欧林林等.活性污泥系统中溶解氧模糊控制器的研究[J].自动化与仪表,2003,(02)： 28-31
[26]Martin Cote,Bernard P A Grandjean,Paul Lessard, et al.Dynamic modeling of th e activated sludge process:improving prediction using neural networks[J].Wat Res,1995, 29(4):995-1004
[27]Aoi T, Okaniwa Y,K Hagiwara,et al.Adirect ammonium control sys tern using fuzzy inference in a high-load biological denitrification process treating collected human excreta[J]. Wat Sic Tech,1992,26(5-6):1325-1334
[28]Ferrer J, Rodrigo M A, Seco A, et al. Energy saving in the aeration process by fuzzy logic control[J]. Wat Sic Tech,1998,38(3):209-217
[29]Tsai Y P, Ouyang C F, Wu M Y, et al. Fuzzy control of a dynamic activated sludge process for the forecast and control of effluent suspended solid concentration [J].Wat Sic Tech,1993,28(11-12):355-367
[30]Jin D, Wang B Z, Wang L. Design and operation of aa wastewater treatment plant treating low concentration of municipal wastewater[J].Water Sci Tech,1998,38,38 (3):167-172
[31]Karama A,Bernard O,Gouze J L,et al.Hybrid neural modeling of an anaerobic digester with respect to biological constraints[J]. Wat Sic Tech,2001,43(7):1-8
[32]Hu B G, Mann G K I, Gosine R G. Control curve design for nonlinear (or fuzzy) proportional actions using spline-based functions.Automatica,1998,34,34:1125-1133
[33]Chao C T, Chen Y J, Teng C C. Simplification of fuzzy-neural systems using similarity analysis.IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man,& Cybernetics,1996,26,26:344-354
[34]朱雁伯.中国城市污水处理现状及规划[J].中国环保产业,2003,01：32-35
[35]孟宇,彭晓华,张浩.模糊自适应整定PID控制及其仿真研究.机械工程与自动化.2006,6：92-93,96
[36]何世钧,王化祥等.城市污水处理系统溶解氧的控制.化工自动化及仪表.2003,30(1)：36-38
[37]赵冬泉等.基于节能的鼓风曝气系统溶解氧稳定智能控制方法[J]给水排水,2008,(07)：116-119
[38]宫艳梅.城市污水处理系统的影响因素分析[J]黑龙江科技信息,2010,(22)：233
[39]张翔,刘振兴,邓福能.基于自适应模糊PID控制的SBR污水处理系统[J]电工技术,2009,(03)：41-43
[40]徐腊梅,阳卫国,吴建国.智能控制在污水处理系统中的应用[J].工业安全与环保,2006,(01)：17-19
[41]王海龙.可编程序控制器系统[M].杭州：浙江大学出版社,2002
[42]范听炜,杜树新,吴铁军.几种溶解氧浓度控制方法的比较[J].中国给水排水，2003.(09)： 39-40
[43]陈进东,潘丰.污水处理控制系统设计[J].自动化与仪表，2008,(06)：33-36
[2]王宇.城市污水处理厂工艺类型与优化选择研究[J].河南化工,2010,04：34,37
[3]甘晓明等.倒置A2/O污水处理工艺的特点及应用实例[J].环境工程学报,2007,(06)：69-71.
[4]陆杰.模糊控制在污水处理系统中的应用[J].盐湖研究,2000,8(2)：29-32
[5]冯冬青,谢宋和.模糊智能控制[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2000.75-93
[6]孙增圻,张再兴,邓志东.智能控制理论与技术[M].北京：清华大学出版社,1997
[7]王先路等.污水处理中的COD模糊控制研究[J].自动化博览,2002,2：37-38,41
[8]于玲.污水的生物处理工艺[J].河北化工,2009,11：40-42,58
[9]钟家洪,张继忠SCADA系统在水厂自动化中的应用[J].工业控制计算机,2006,(09)：70-71
[10]李兵.PLC和上位机在污水处理控制系统中的应用[J].山西建筑,2004,(02)
[11]于忠斌等.工业以太网与现场总线技术[J].智能建筑与城市信息,2004,(06)：23-26
[12]孙军凯.从EtherNet/IP工业以太网到工厂信息化技术[J].自动化博览,2004,(04)：35-39
[13]赵捷.污水处理厂自动控制系统设计[J].测控技术,2005,(12)：12-14
[14]王华丰等.生物反应池溶解氧的模糊控制研究[J]自动化与仪表,2004,(04)：49-51
[15]毕学军,张波.倒置A2/O工艺生物脱氮除磷原理及其生产应用[J].环境工程,2006,(03)：29-30,9
[16]万年红.A2/O工艺的改良与设计应用[J].中国给水排水,2003,(08)：81-83
[17]王耀南.智能控制系统[M].长沙：湖南大学出版社,1995
[18]张宝军等.A2/O工艺处理城市污水的应用研究[J].煤矿环境保护,2002,(03)：32-35
[19]张杰,臧景红,杨宏,刘俊良.A2/O工艺的固有缺欠和对策研究[J].给水排水,2003,(03)：22-26
[20]王振江等.倒置A2/O生物脱氮除磷工艺的生产性试验[J].中国给水排水,2006,(19)36-38,43
[21]熊红艳,郭华芳,章云.模糊控制和PID控制结合的净水厂投药控制系统[J].自动化技术与应用,2005,(02)：55-57
[22]相会强,刘芬,刘雪莲.自动控制在污水处理中的应用[J].仪器仪表学报,2005,(52)：235-237
[23]薛凌云.一种基于过程辨识的PID参数自整定方法[J].机电工程,2003,(03)
[24]王鸣.基于模糊控制理论的一种PID参数自整定控制器的设计与仿真[J].自动化与仪器仪表,2000,(01)：14-17
[25]欧林林等.活性污泥系统中溶解氧模糊控制器的研究[J].自动化与仪表,2003,(02)： 28-31
[26]Martin Cote,Bernard P A Grandjean,Paul Lessard, et al.Dynamic modeling of th e activated sludge process:improving prediction using neural networks[J].Wat Res,1995, 29(4):995-1004
[27]Aoi T, Okaniwa Y,K Hagiwara,et al.Adirect ammonium control sys tern using fuzzy inference in a high-load biological denitrification process treating collected human excreta[J]. Wat Sic Tech,1992,26(5-6):1325-1334
[28]Ferrer J, Rodrigo M A, Seco A, et al. Energy saving in the aeration process by fuzzy logic control[J]. Wat Sic Tech,1998,38(3):209-217
[29]Tsai Y P, Ouyang C F, Wu M Y, et al. Fuzzy control of a dynamic activated sludge process for the forecast and control of effluent suspended solid concentration [J].Wat Sic Tech,1993,28(11-12):355-367
[30]Jin D, Wang B Z, Wang L. Design and operation of aa wastewater treatment plant treating low concentration of municipal wastewater[J].Water Sci Tech,1998,38,38 (3):167-172
[31]Karama A,Bernard O,Gouze J L,et al.Hybrid neural modeling of an anaerobic digester with respect to biological constraints[J]. Wat Sic Tech,2001,43(7):1-8
[32]Hu B G, Mann G K I, Gosine R G. Control curve design for nonlinear (or fuzzy) proportional actions using spline-based functions.Automatica,1998,34,34:1125-1133
[33]Chao C T, Chen Y J, Teng C C. Simplification of fuzzy-neural systems using similarity analysis.IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man,& Cybernetics,1996,26,26:344-354
[34]朱雁伯.中国城市污水处理现状及规划[J].中国环保产业,2003,01：32-35
[35]孟宇,彭晓华,张浩.模糊自适应整定PID控制及其仿真研究.机械工程与自动化.2006,6：92-93,96
[36]何世钧,王化祥等.城市污水处理系统溶解氧的控制.化工自动化及仪表.2003,30(1)：36-38
[37]赵冬泉等.基于节能的鼓风曝气系统溶解氧稳定智能控制方法[J]给水排水,2008,(07)：116-119
[38]宫艳梅.城市污水处理系统的影响因素分析[J]黑龙江科技信息,2010,(22)：233
[39]张翔,刘振兴,邓福能.基于自适应模糊PID控制的SBR污水处理系统[J]电工技术,2009,(03)：41-43
[40]徐腊梅,阳卫国,吴建国.智能控制在污水处理系统中的应用[J].工业安全与环保,2006,(01)：17-19
[41]王海龙.可编程序控制器系统[M].杭州：浙江大学出版社,2002
[42]范听炜,杜树新,吴铁军.几种溶解氧浓度控制方法的比较[J].中国给水排水，2003.(09)： 39-40
[43]陈进东,潘丰.污水处理控制系统设计[J].自动化与仪表，2008,(06)：33-36