黄河三角洲退化芦苇湿地生态修复技术研究
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摘要
本文针对黄河三角洲退化芦苇湿地面临的淡水水源缺乏、土壤盐渍化、泥沙沉积等问题，根据芦苇湿地退化的现状，开展分区、分类恢复技术研究。针对黄河三角洲重度盐碱退化芦苇湿地，提出土壤基底改良修复技术，深入研究牛粪、石膏、秸秆、保水剂等对土壤盐碱度及主要离子、速效氮磷钾及有机质、土壤酶活性及微生物量碳氮、土壤微量元素含量、物理特性等的影响，筛选较优的改良剂组合；针对黄河三角洲轻度盐碱退化芦苇湿地，提出芦苇实生苗联合造纸废水浇灌修复技术，深入研究造纸废水对芦苇实生苗生长特性、保护酶、叶绿素荧光特性、光合特性及资源利用效率的影响，探讨适合芦苇实生苗恢复的造纸废水浓度；针对黄河泥沙沉积引起的芦苇湿地退化，提出调水调沙修复技术，深入研究泥沙埋深对芦苇种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响，探讨芦苇种子及幼苗对泥沙埋深的耐受极限。这些恢复技术既可以单独应用，也可以联合应用，研究结果可为黄河三角洲退化芦苇湿地的修复重建提供理论依据和技术支撑。
Facing lack of fresh water, soil salinity, sedimentation and other problems ofdegraded reed wetlands in the Yellow River Delta, ecological restoration technologieswere studied according to different regions and different degradation degrees ofreed(Phragmites communis.) wetlands. Technologies of soil base restorationwere proposed for severe degraded salinity reed wetlands. By studying the effects ofcow dung, gypsum, straw, aquasorb amendments on soil salinity and major ions,available NPK and organic matter, and soil enzyme activities and microbial CN,content of soil trace elements, physical characteristics using four factors of four levelorthogonal variance analysis, the best improvement formula was chosen.Technologies of papermaking wastewater restoration which was combined with weedseedlings were proposed for light degraded salinity reed wetlands.By studying the effects of papermaking wastewater on growth characteristics, protection enzymes andchlorophyll fluorescence characteristics, photosynthetic characteristics and efficiencyof resource use of reed seedlings, and to explore the appropriate papermakingwastewater concentration for reed seedlings recovery. Technologies of sedimentregulation restoration were proposed for degraded reed wetlands caused by sediment.By studying the effects of sediment depth on seed germination and growth of reedseedlings,and to explore the tolerance limit of the seeds and seedlings of reed tosediment depth. These restoration technologies can be applied individually orsynthetically. The present studies will provide theoretical basis and technicalsupport for restoration and reconstruction about the degradation reed wetlands in theYellow River Delta.
Facing lack of fresh water, soil salinity, sedimentation and other problems ofdegraded reed wetlands in the Yellow River Delta, ecological restoration technologieswere studied according to different regions and different degradation degrees ofreed(Phragmites communis.) wetlands. Technologies of soil base restorationwere proposed for severe degraded salinity reed wetlands. By studying the effects ofcow dung, gypsum, straw, aquasorb amendments on soil salinity and major ions,available NPK and organic matter, and soil enzyme activities and microbial CN,content of soil trace elements, physical characteristics using four factors of four levelorthogonal variance analysis, the best improvement formula was chosen.Technologies of papermaking wastewater restoration which was combined with weedseedlings were proposed for light degraded salinity reed wetlands.By studying the effects of papermaking wastewater on growth characteristics, protection enzymes andchlorophyll fluorescence characteristics, photosynthetic characteristics and efficiencyof resource use of reed seedlings, and to explore the appropriate papermakingwastewater concentration for reed seedlings recovery. Technologies of sedimentregulation restoration were proposed for degraded reed wetlands caused by sediment.By studying the effects of sediment depth on seed germination and growth of reedseedlings,and to explore the tolerance limit of the seeds and seedlings of reed tosediment depth. These restoration technologies can be applied individually orsynthetically. The present studies will provide theoretical basis and technicalsupport for restoration and reconstruction about the degradation reed wetlands in theYellow River Delta.
引文
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