缓释氧材料制备与抑制底泥磷释放研究
|
摘要
本文采用硬脂酸和聚乙二醇4000(PEG4000)对粉末过氧化钙进行包埋,在无水条件下制备出自然成型、短柱状及片剂状缓释氧材料。经红外光谱和扫描电镜分析,硬脂酸和PEG4000有效地包埋了粉末CaO2。
由三种形态缓释氧材料在水体中的释氧效果证实,片剂状材料相对于自然成型及短柱状材料,具有较强的机械强度及缓慢释氧的效果。通过研究粉末CaO2与缓释氧材料在灭菌无氧水中的释氧行为,发现释氧速率随包埋剂(硬脂酸和PEG4000)浓度的增加而降低,相较于粉末CaO2,缓释氧材料对水体pH值的影响也减弱。包埋CaO2后的缓释氧材料可在水中缓慢释放氧气,增加泥水界面的溶解氧浓度,并可抑制底泥污染物中磷的释放。
底泥模拟实验发现,在25℃,CaO2含量为1.0kg/m2的条件下,投加片剂状缓释氧材料(硬脂酸含量1.2%)可使水中溶解氧浓度在35天后依然保持在4.0mg/L以上,pH值为7.7左右,抑制了底泥中铁磷的释放,同时底泥中钙磷、铝磷和铁磷浓度增加,上覆水体总磷含量由0.50mg/L降低至0.28mg/L,达到预期的效果。
In this sdudy, stearic acid and PEG4000 were used to embed the calcium peroxide powders under anhydrous conditions for preparing a novel oxygen slow-releasing material. The infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy confirmed that stearic acid, PEG4000 and calcium peroxide can be effectively embedded.
The experiment proved that the tablet-shape oxygen slow-releasing material did stronger mechanical strength and smaller oxygen release rate than the natural-shape material and short columnar-shape material. Based on the test in aseptic and oxygen-free water, it was found that the oxygen release rate decreased with the increase of stearic acid concentration and PEG4000 concentration, and the pH value also leveled off. The oxygen slow-releasing material can release oxygen slowly in water to increase the dissolved oxygen concentration and inhibit the pollutants releasing in sediment.
The results from the simulation sediment show that, with CaO2 dosage of 1.0kg/m2, the tablet-shape oxygen slow-releasing material (stearic acid content of 1.2%) maintained the dissolved oxygen concentration above 4.0mg/L within 35 days at 25℃, and pH value was about 7.7. The Fe-P releasing was inhibited and the concentration of Ca-P, Al-P and Fe-P in sediment increased. The total phosphorus concentration in overlying water reduced to 0.28mg/L from 0.50mg/L.
由三种形态缓释氧材料在水体中的释氧效果证实,片剂状材料相对于自然成型及短柱状材料,具有较强的机械强度及缓慢释氧的效果。通过研究粉末CaO2与缓释氧材料在灭菌无氧水中的释氧行为,发现释氧速率随包埋剂(硬脂酸和PEG4000)浓度的增加而降低,相较于粉末CaO2,缓释氧材料对水体pH值的影响也减弱。包埋CaO2后的缓释氧材料可在水中缓慢释放氧气,增加泥水界面的溶解氧浓度,并可抑制底泥污染物中磷的释放。
底泥模拟实验发现,在25℃,CaO2含量为1.0kg/m2的条件下,投加片剂状缓释氧材料(硬脂酸含量1.2%)可使水中溶解氧浓度在35天后依然保持在4.0mg/L以上,pH值为7.7左右,抑制了底泥中铁磷的释放,同时底泥中钙磷、铝磷和铁磷浓度增加,上覆水体总磷含量由0.50mg/L降低至0.28mg/L,达到预期的效果。
In this sdudy, stearic acid and PEG4000 were used to embed the calcium peroxide powders under anhydrous conditions for preparing a novel oxygen slow-releasing material. The infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy confirmed that stearic acid, PEG4000 and calcium peroxide can be effectively embedded.
The experiment proved that the tablet-shape oxygen slow-releasing material did stronger mechanical strength and smaller oxygen release rate than the natural-shape material and short columnar-shape material. Based on the test in aseptic and oxygen-free water, it was found that the oxygen release rate decreased with the increase of stearic acid concentration and PEG4000 concentration, and the pH value also leveled off. The oxygen slow-releasing material can release oxygen slowly in water to increase the dissolved oxygen concentration and inhibit the pollutants releasing in sediment.
The results from the simulation sediment show that, with CaO2 dosage of 1.0kg/m2, the tablet-shape oxygen slow-releasing material (stearic acid content of 1.2%) maintained the dissolved oxygen concentration above 4.0mg/L within 35 days at 25℃, and pH value was about 7.7. The Fe-P releasing was inhibited and the concentration of Ca-P, Al-P and Fe-P in sediment increased. The total phosphorus concentration in overlying water reduced to 0.28mg/L from 0.50mg/L.
引文
[1]冯海艳,李文霞,杨忠芳,等.上覆水溶解氧水平对苏州城市河道底泥吸附／释放磷影响的研究[J].地学前缘.2008,15(5)：227-234
[2]http://baike.baidu.com/view/269995.htm
[3]中华人名共和国环境保护部.2010年中国环境状况公报.14-18
[4]Schindler D W. Evolution of phosphours limitation in lakes[J]. Science.1977,195(4275): 260-262
[5]Darren A, Graham B J, David M M. The application of sediment capping agents on phosphorus speciation and mibility in a sub-tropical dunal lake[J]. Marine and Freshwater Research.2004,55(7):715-725
[6]Sondergaard M, Jensen J P, Jeppesen E. Internal phosphorus loading in shallow Danish lakes[J]. Hydrobiologia.1999,408/409:145-152
[7]Li W H, Chen K N, Wu Q L, et al. Discussion on Phosphorous Release from Lake Sediment. Journal of Lake Sciences[J].1999,4(11):2013-2018
[8]Blom G, Winkels H J. Modeling sediment accumulation and dispersion of contaminants in Ijsselmeer(the Netherlands)[J]. Water Science and Technology,1998,37(6-7):17-24
[9]USEPA, Assessment and Remediation of Contaminated Sediments (ARCs) Program, Remediation documents. EPA 905-R94-003,1994
[10]金相灿.沉积物污染化学[M].中国环境科学出版社.1992
[11]汤鸿霄,钱易,文湘华,等.水体颗粒物和难降解有机物的特性与控制技术原理(上卷)[M].中国环境科学出版社.2000
[12]张立成,周克准译.水和沉积物中有毒污染物评估[M].中国环境科学出版社.1993
[13]Murphy T P, Lawson A, Kumagai M, et al. Review of emerging issues in sediment treatment[J]. Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management.1999.2,419-434
[14]Rydin E, Brunberg A. Seasonal dynamics of phosphorous in Lake Erken surface sediments[J]. Arch Hydrobiol Spec Issues Advanc Limnol.1998.51,157-167
[15]卢云涛.滇池草海污染疏挖及处理工程效益分析[J].云南环境科学.1998,17(2)：27-30
[16]范成新,刘元波,陈荷生.太湖底泥蓄积量估算及分布特征探讨[J].上海环境科学.2000,19(2)：72-75
[17]丁永良,李梅姿,顾圣元.杭州市西湖干湖疏浚及污泥利[J].渔业现代化.1998,4：23-25
[18]洪祖喜,何品晶.受污染疏浚底泥异地处理技术[J].上海环境科学.2002,21(4)：233-236
[19]Michael R, Palermo. A state of the overview of contaminated sediment remediation in the United States[R]. Italy International Conference on Remediation of Contaminated Sediments. Venice,2001
[20]柳惠青.湖泊污染内源治理中的环保疏浚[J].水运工程.2000,11：21-27
[21]杨文澜,刘力.地表水体底泥污染原位控制技术[J].研究安徽农业科学.2009,37(20)：9633-9634
[22]Gerlndew, Thomas G, Peter C. Pimmobilisation and phosphatase activities in lake sediment following treatment with nitrate and iorn[J]. Limnologica.2005,35:102-108
[23]徐晓阳,高冠道,张子种,等.修复硝基苯污染底泥的活性覆盖材料筛选[J].环境化学.2009,28(6)：793-798
[24]Stephens S R. Changes in the leachability of metals from dredged canal sediments during drying and oxidation[J]. Environmental Pollution.2001,114(3):407-413
[25]Welch E B, Cooke G D. Effectiveness and longevity of phosphorus inactivation with alum[J]. Lake and reservoir Management.1999, (1):5-27
[26]凌晖,王诚信,史可红.纯氧曝气在污水处理和河道复氧中的应用[J].中国给水排水.1999,15(8)：49-51
[27]周杰,章永泰,杨贤智.人工曝气复氧治理黑臭河流[J].中国给水排水.2001,17(4)：47-49
[28]陈伟,徐左正,叶舜涛.苏州河支流综合整治工程[J].中国给水排水.2002,28(2)：31-34
[29]孙从军,张明旭.河道曝气技术在河流污染治理中的应用[J].环境保护.2001,4：12-14
[30]Rogers G R. Water quality management at Santa Cruz Harbor[J]. Aire-O2 News.1990, 7(1):4-5
[31]徐祖信.河流污染治理技术与实践[M].中国水利水电出版社.2002
[32]张丙印,倪广恒.城市水环境工程[M].清华大学出版社.2005
[33]Soltero R A, Sexton L M, Ashley K I, et al. Partial and full lift hypolimnetic aeration of Medical Lake to improve water quality[J]. Water Research.1994,28(11):2297-2306
[34]谌伟,李小平,孙从军,等.低强度曝气技术修复河道黑臭水体的可行性研究用[J].中国给水排水.2009,25(1)：57-59
[35]林力,杨惠芳.生物整治技术进展[J].环境科学.1997,18(3)：67-71
[36]Volker L, Elke E, Martina L, et al. Nutrient removal efficiency and resource economics of vertical flow and horizontal flow constructed wetlands[J]. Ecollogical Engineering. 2001,18:157-171
[37]Garba L, Jacques B, Linda D, et al. Nitrogen and phosphorus removal in a subsurface-flow reed bed[J]. Water Quality Research Journal of Canada.1998,33(2): 319-329
[38]Michael M, Robert H. The design and performance of a vertical flow reed bed for the treatment of high ammonia low suspended solids organic effluents[J]. Water Science and Technology.1997,35(5):197-204
[39]Meijer M L. Biomanipulation in the Netherlands 215 Years of Experience[D]. Wageningen University of Wageningen.2000:1-208
[40]朱亮,苗伟红,严莹.河流湖泊水体生物-生态修复技术述评[D].河海大学学报-自然科学版.2005,33(1)：59-62
[41]陈彬.加拿大微生物技术在上海市中心城区黑臭河道治理中的应用[J].上海水务.2006,22(3)：45-46
[42]王俊华,冯贵颖,唐艳,等.放线菌处理皂河水体的应用研究[J].西北农业学报.2007,16(1)：82-86
[43]汪红军,胡菊香,吴生桂,等.生物复合酶污水净化剂处理黑臭水体的研究[J].水利渔业.2007,27(1)：68-70
[44]卢丽君,孙远军,李小平.用生物促生剂修复受污染底泥[J].中南民族大学学报.2007,26(4)：49-53
[45]张丽,李勇.底泥对投加生物促生剂改善河道水质效果的影响研究[J].江苏环境科技.2008,21(2)：4-7
[46]杨利,姚其华,范先鹏,等.鄂东南棕红壤丘陵区冷浸田施用过氧化钙效果[J].湖北农业科学.1997,38(4)：37-39
[47]张永利.过氧化钙的性质、用途和生产方法[J].大化科技.1999(3)：1-3
[48]梅允福.过氧化钙的制备和应用[J].四川化工与腐蚀控制.2000,3(4)：42-45
[49]翟永青,丁士文,姚子华,等.过氧化钙在水稻直播中的应用试验研究[J].河北大学学报-自然科学版.2002,22(4)：360-362
[50]Bowling C C. Process for coating rice seed with calcium peroxide by chemical reaction on the seed[P]. US,4554171.1985-11-19
[51]葛飞,李权,刘海宁,等.过氧化钙的制备与应用研究进展[J].无机盐工业.2010,42(3),1-4
[52]徐克庄.过氧化镁应用开发的现状与前景展望[J].杭州化工.2010,40(2),1-3
[53]胥思勤,王焰新.土壤及地下水有机污染生物修复技术研究进展[J].环境保护.2001,(2)：22-23
[54]Perelo L W. Review:In situ and bioremediation of organic pollutants in aquatic sediments[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials.177(1-3):81-89
[55]刘涉江.生物固定化双层PRB技术去除地下水中MTBE的研究[D].天津大学.20061101
[56]Volnov I I. Peroxides, Superoxides, and Ozonides of Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals[M]. Springer.1966
[57]Budavari S. Merck Index(12th edn.) [M]. Merck.1996.
[58]张新民,林忠禄,庄燕.过氧化钙的应用及其发展前景[J].无机盐工业.1996,04：23-26
[59]Arienzo M. Degradation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in water and soil slurry utilizing a calcium peroxide compound[J]. Chemosphere.2000,40(4):331-337
[60]Doetsch W, Caspar O. Alkaline earth metal peroxide product[P]. US,6280495. 2001-08-28
[61]Gago I. Coated calcium peroxide particles useful in the treatment of water[P]. US, 4293426,1981-10-06
[62]翟永清,丁士文,姚子华,等.Ca02对阳离子蓝染料脱色效果研究[J].化学世界.2004,10：507-510
[63]张嫦,吴莉莉,周小菊,等.过氧化钙的制备及其在废水处理中的应用[J].化工环保.2004,24(1)：62-65
[64]李木金,刘涉江,姜斌,等.固体释氧化合物用于地下水生物修复[J].中国给水排水.2005,10：28-30
[65]While D M, Irvine R L, Woolard C R. The use of solid peroxides to stimulate growth of aerobic microbes in a saturated soil[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials.1998,57:71-78
[66]Kao C M, Chen S C, Wang J Y, et al. Remediation of PCE-contaminated aquifer by an in situ two-layer biobarrier:laboratory batch and column studies[J]. Water Research.2003, 37:27-38
[67]李木金.地下水生物修复释氧过程及污染物迁移研究[D].天津大学.200601
[68]Spears B M, Carvalho L, Perkins R, et al. Sediment phosphorus cycling in a large shallow lake:spatio-temporal variation in phosphorus pools and release[J]. Hydrobiologia. 2007,584(1):37-48
[69]孙士权,杨静,谭万春,等.东洞庭湖底泥的释磷特性[J].长沙理工大学学报.2010,7(2)：87-92
[70]Perkins R G. The potential for phosphorus release across the sediment-water interface in an eutrophic reservoir dosed with ferric sulphate[J]. Water Research.2001,35(6): 1399-1406
[71]Kamiya H, Ishitobi Y, Inoue T, et al. Effluxes of dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) and phosphate from the sediment to the overlying water at high temperature and low dissolved oxygen concentration conditions in an eutrophic brackish lake[J]. Japanese Journal of Limnology.2001,62(1):11-21
[72]柴世伟.湖泊底泥二次污染防治与资源化利用相关技术研究[D].同济大学.2007
[73]Gino C, Bianchi M, Richelle M,et al. Enhanced Degradation of Dissolved Benzene and Toluene Using a Solid Oxygen-Releasing Compound[J]. Ground Water Monitoting and Remediation.1994:120-128
[74]刘涉江,刘秀丽,王少博.CPC/CaO2氧缓释复合材料的制备及其释氧性能探讨[J].环境工程学报.2010,5：971-974
[75]徐炽焕.微胶囊制备及其应用[J].化工新型材料,2005,33(11)：75-78
[76]陈艳美.高锰酸钾缓释剂的制备及其性能研究[J].环境工程学报.2010,4(5)：1052-1056
[77]中国土壤学会农业化学专业委员会.土壤农业化学常规分析方法[M].科学出版社.1983
[78]Belanger T V. Benthic oxygen demand in lake apopka Florida[J]. Water Research.1981, 15(2):267-274
[79]刘立坤.底泥耗氧速率的测定方法比较[J].上海环境科学.2002,21(5)：294-297
[80]Hanes N B, Irvine R L. New techniques for measuring oxygen uptake rates of benthal systems[J]. Water Pollution Control Federation.1968,40:223-232
[81]Rutherford J C, Wilcock R J, Hickey C W. Deoxygen in a mobile-bed river[J]. Water Research.1999,25(07):1487-1497
[82]龚春生.城市小型浅水湖泊内源污染及环保清淤深度研究[D].河海大学.2007：181
[83]朱健,李捍东,王平.环境因子对底泥释放COD、TN和TP的影响研究[J].水处理技术.2009,35(8)：239-248
[84]Moore P A, Reddy K R, Fisher M M. Phosphorus flux between sediment and overlying water in lake Okeechobee[J]. Environmental Quality.1998,27:1428-1439
[2]http://baike.baidu.com/view/269995.htm
[3]中华人名共和国环境保护部.2010年中国环境状况公报.14-18
[4]Schindler D W. Evolution of phosphours limitation in lakes[J]. Science.1977,195(4275): 260-262
[5]Darren A, Graham B J, David M M. The application of sediment capping agents on phosphorus speciation and mibility in a sub-tropical dunal lake[J]. Marine and Freshwater Research.2004,55(7):715-725
[6]Sondergaard M, Jensen J P, Jeppesen E. Internal phosphorus loading in shallow Danish lakes[J]. Hydrobiologia.1999,408/409:145-152
[7]Li W H, Chen K N, Wu Q L, et al. Discussion on Phosphorous Release from Lake Sediment. Journal of Lake Sciences[J].1999,4(11):2013-2018
[8]Blom G, Winkels H J. Modeling sediment accumulation and dispersion of contaminants in Ijsselmeer(the Netherlands)[J]. Water Science and Technology,1998,37(6-7):17-24
[9]USEPA, Assessment and Remediation of Contaminated Sediments (ARCs) Program, Remediation documents. EPA 905-R94-003,1994
[10]金相灿.沉积物污染化学[M].中国环境科学出版社.1992
[11]汤鸿霄,钱易,文湘华,等.水体颗粒物和难降解有机物的特性与控制技术原理(上卷)[M].中国环境科学出版社.2000
[12]张立成,周克准译.水和沉积物中有毒污染物评估[M].中国环境科学出版社.1993
[13]Murphy T P, Lawson A, Kumagai M, et al. Review of emerging issues in sediment treatment[J]. Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management.1999.2,419-434
[14]Rydin E, Brunberg A. Seasonal dynamics of phosphorous in Lake Erken surface sediments[J]. Arch Hydrobiol Spec Issues Advanc Limnol.1998.51,157-167
[15]卢云涛.滇池草海污染疏挖及处理工程效益分析[J].云南环境科学.1998,17(2)：27-30
[16]范成新,刘元波,陈荷生.太湖底泥蓄积量估算及分布特征探讨[J].上海环境科学.2000,19(2)：72-75
[17]丁永良,李梅姿,顾圣元.杭州市西湖干湖疏浚及污泥利[J].渔业现代化.1998,4：23-25
[18]洪祖喜,何品晶.受污染疏浚底泥异地处理技术[J].上海环境科学.2002,21(4)：233-236
[19]Michael R, Palermo. A state of the overview of contaminated sediment remediation in the United States[R]. Italy International Conference on Remediation of Contaminated Sediments. Venice,2001
[20]柳惠青.湖泊污染内源治理中的环保疏浚[J].水运工程.2000,11：21-27
[21]杨文澜,刘力.地表水体底泥污染原位控制技术[J].研究安徽农业科学.2009,37(20)：9633-9634
[22]Gerlndew, Thomas G, Peter C. Pimmobilisation and phosphatase activities in lake sediment following treatment with nitrate and iorn[J]. Limnologica.2005,35:102-108
[23]徐晓阳,高冠道,张子种,等.修复硝基苯污染底泥的活性覆盖材料筛选[J].环境化学.2009,28(6)：793-798
[24]Stephens S R. Changes in the leachability of metals from dredged canal sediments during drying and oxidation[J]. Environmental Pollution.2001,114(3):407-413
[25]Welch E B, Cooke G D. Effectiveness and longevity of phosphorus inactivation with alum[J]. Lake and reservoir Management.1999, (1):5-27
[26]凌晖,王诚信,史可红.纯氧曝气在污水处理和河道复氧中的应用[J].中国给水排水.1999,15(8)：49-51
[27]周杰,章永泰,杨贤智.人工曝气复氧治理黑臭河流[J].中国给水排水.2001,17(4)：47-49
[28]陈伟,徐左正,叶舜涛.苏州河支流综合整治工程[J].中国给水排水.2002,28(2)：31-34
[29]孙从军,张明旭.河道曝气技术在河流污染治理中的应用[J].环境保护.2001,4：12-14
[30]Rogers G R. Water quality management at Santa Cruz Harbor[J]. Aire-O2 News.1990, 7(1):4-5
[31]徐祖信.河流污染治理技术与实践[M].中国水利水电出版社.2002
[32]张丙印,倪广恒.城市水环境工程[M].清华大学出版社.2005
[33]Soltero R A, Sexton L M, Ashley K I, et al. Partial and full lift hypolimnetic aeration of Medical Lake to improve water quality[J]. Water Research.1994,28(11):2297-2306
[34]谌伟,李小平,孙从军,等.低强度曝气技术修复河道黑臭水体的可行性研究用[J].中国给水排水.2009,25(1)：57-59
[35]林力,杨惠芳.生物整治技术进展[J].环境科学.1997,18(3)：67-71
[36]Volker L, Elke E, Martina L, et al. Nutrient removal efficiency and resource economics of vertical flow and horizontal flow constructed wetlands[J]. Ecollogical Engineering. 2001,18:157-171
[37]Garba L, Jacques B, Linda D, et al. Nitrogen and phosphorus removal in a subsurface-flow reed bed[J]. Water Quality Research Journal of Canada.1998,33(2): 319-329
[38]Michael M, Robert H. The design and performance of a vertical flow reed bed for the treatment of high ammonia low suspended solids organic effluents[J]. Water Science and Technology.1997,35(5):197-204
[39]Meijer M L. Biomanipulation in the Netherlands 215 Years of Experience[D]. Wageningen University of Wageningen.2000:1-208
[40]朱亮,苗伟红,严莹.河流湖泊水体生物-生态修复技术述评[D].河海大学学报-自然科学版.2005,33(1)：59-62
[41]陈彬.加拿大微生物技术在上海市中心城区黑臭河道治理中的应用[J].上海水务.2006,22(3)：45-46
[42]王俊华,冯贵颖,唐艳,等.放线菌处理皂河水体的应用研究[J].西北农业学报.2007,16(1)：82-86
[43]汪红军,胡菊香,吴生桂,等.生物复合酶污水净化剂处理黑臭水体的研究[J].水利渔业.2007,27(1)：68-70
[44]卢丽君,孙远军,李小平.用生物促生剂修复受污染底泥[J].中南民族大学学报.2007,26(4)：49-53
[45]张丽,李勇.底泥对投加生物促生剂改善河道水质效果的影响研究[J].江苏环境科技.2008,21(2)：4-7
[46]杨利,姚其华,范先鹏,等.鄂东南棕红壤丘陵区冷浸田施用过氧化钙效果[J].湖北农业科学.1997,38(4)：37-39
[47]张永利.过氧化钙的性质、用途和生产方法[J].大化科技.1999(3)：1-3
[48]梅允福.过氧化钙的制备和应用[J].四川化工与腐蚀控制.2000,3(4)：42-45
[49]翟永青,丁士文,姚子华,等.过氧化钙在水稻直播中的应用试验研究[J].河北大学学报-自然科学版.2002,22(4)：360-362
[50]Bowling C C. Process for coating rice seed with calcium peroxide by chemical reaction on the seed[P]. US,4554171.1985-11-19
[51]葛飞,李权,刘海宁,等.过氧化钙的制备与应用研究进展[J].无机盐工业.2010,42(3),1-4
[52]徐克庄.过氧化镁应用开发的现状与前景展望[J].杭州化工.2010,40(2),1-3
[53]胥思勤,王焰新.土壤及地下水有机污染生物修复技术研究进展[J].环境保护.2001,(2)：22-23
[54]Perelo L W. Review:In situ and bioremediation of organic pollutants in aquatic sediments[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials.177(1-3):81-89
[55]刘涉江.生物固定化双层PRB技术去除地下水中MTBE的研究[D].天津大学.20061101
[56]Volnov I I. Peroxides, Superoxides, and Ozonides of Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals[M]. Springer.1966
[57]Budavari S. Merck Index(12th edn.) [M]. Merck.1996.
[58]张新民,林忠禄,庄燕.过氧化钙的应用及其发展前景[J].无机盐工业.1996,04：23-26
[59]Arienzo M. Degradation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in water and soil slurry utilizing a calcium peroxide compound[J]. Chemosphere.2000,40(4):331-337
[60]Doetsch W, Caspar O. Alkaline earth metal peroxide product[P]. US,6280495. 2001-08-28
[61]Gago I. Coated calcium peroxide particles useful in the treatment of water[P]. US, 4293426,1981-10-06
[62]翟永清,丁士文,姚子华,等.Ca02对阳离子蓝染料脱色效果研究[J].化学世界.2004,10：507-510
[63]张嫦,吴莉莉,周小菊,等.过氧化钙的制备及其在废水处理中的应用[J].化工环保.2004,24(1)：62-65
[64]李木金,刘涉江,姜斌,等.固体释氧化合物用于地下水生物修复[J].中国给水排水.2005,10：28-30
[65]While D M, Irvine R L, Woolard C R. The use of solid peroxides to stimulate growth of aerobic microbes in a saturated soil[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials.1998,57:71-78
[66]Kao C M, Chen S C, Wang J Y, et al. Remediation of PCE-contaminated aquifer by an in situ two-layer biobarrier:laboratory batch and column studies[J]. Water Research.2003, 37:27-38
[67]李木金.地下水生物修复释氧过程及污染物迁移研究[D].天津大学.200601
[68]Spears B M, Carvalho L, Perkins R, et al. Sediment phosphorus cycling in a large shallow lake:spatio-temporal variation in phosphorus pools and release[J]. Hydrobiologia. 2007,584(1):37-48
[69]孙士权,杨静,谭万春,等.东洞庭湖底泥的释磷特性[J].长沙理工大学学报.2010,7(2)：87-92
[70]Perkins R G. The potential for phosphorus release across the sediment-water interface in an eutrophic reservoir dosed with ferric sulphate[J]. Water Research.2001,35(6): 1399-1406
[71]Kamiya H, Ishitobi Y, Inoue T, et al. Effluxes of dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) and phosphate from the sediment to the overlying water at high temperature and low dissolved oxygen concentration conditions in an eutrophic brackish lake[J]. Japanese Journal of Limnology.2001,62(1):11-21
[72]柴世伟.湖泊底泥二次污染防治与资源化利用相关技术研究[D].同济大学.2007
[73]Gino C, Bianchi M, Richelle M,et al. Enhanced Degradation of Dissolved Benzene and Toluene Using a Solid Oxygen-Releasing Compound[J]. Ground Water Monitoting and Remediation.1994:120-128
[74]刘涉江,刘秀丽,王少博.CPC/CaO2氧缓释复合材料的制备及其释氧性能探讨[J].环境工程学报.2010,5：971-974
[75]徐炽焕.微胶囊制备及其应用[J].化工新型材料,2005,33(11)：75-78
[76]陈艳美.高锰酸钾缓释剂的制备及其性能研究[J].环境工程学报.2010,4(5)：1052-1056
[77]中国土壤学会农业化学专业委员会.土壤农业化学常规分析方法[M].科学出版社.1983
[78]Belanger T V. Benthic oxygen demand in lake apopka Florida[J]. Water Research.1981, 15(2):267-274
[79]刘立坤.底泥耗氧速率的测定方法比较[J].上海环境科学.2002,21(5)：294-297
[80]Hanes N B, Irvine R L. New techniques for measuring oxygen uptake rates of benthal systems[J]. Water Pollution Control Federation.1968,40:223-232
[81]Rutherford J C, Wilcock R J, Hickey C W. Deoxygen in a mobile-bed river[J]. Water Research.1999,25(07):1487-1497
[82]龚春生.城市小型浅水湖泊内源污染及环保清淤深度研究[D].河海大学.2007：181
[83]朱健,李捍东,王平.环境因子对底泥释放COD、TN和TP的影响研究[J].水处理技术.2009,35(8)：239-248
[84]Moore P A, Reddy K R, Fisher M M. Phosphorus flux between sediment and overlying water in lake Okeechobee[J]. Environmental Quality.1998,27:1428-1439