上海地区生态河岸带的理论与构建
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摘要
目前水环境问题日益严峻,长江流域的水环境问题主要是指水污染问题、湖库富营养化问题、水土流失问题等。随着水景观要求日益强烈,河流、湖泊生态系统退化成为水环境恶化的重要内因。生态系统完整性在维护河流生态系统的健康中起到重要作用,河岸带生态系统缺失或退化是河流生态系统退化和水质恶化的重要因素。然而河岸的园林化和景观化并不意味着生态化,且上海地区河湖众多,沟汉纵横,因此,对上海地区进行生态河岸带研究十分必要,具有重大的现实意义。
有关河岸带生态系统定量评价方面的研究很少,这就给河岸带生态系统的设计、改进与保护带来了一定的困难,缺乏统一的衡量标准,可操作性较差,造成目前河岸带的建设的片面性和盲目性。因此,为了能够给河岸带建设与改进提供统一的衡量标准,必须加强河岸带生态系统的定量研究。本文通过探究河岸带的概念、内涵、功能、影响指标、类型以及评价模型等,让人们从定性的角度去理解河岸带,从定量的角度把握影响河岸带的因子,为生态河岸带的构建与设计提供理论依据和施工标准。从而在满足行洪排涝要求和保证岸坡结构稳定的前提下,能与周围生态系统(陆地生态系统、水体生态系统等)相互和谐、协同发展,能维持物种多样性、保持物质和能量循环、提供丰富的食物链、维持植物生境和动物栖息地的质量、改善人居环境及生态系统的健康。
本文在分析总结国内外河岸带生态系统研究的基础上,对生态河岸带的理论与构建进行了较为系统的研究,建立了生态河岸带评价的理论框架,并以上海市临港新城城市公园作为实证研究对象,对城市公园内的河岸带进行了生态化修复,很好地将生态河岸带的理论应用到上海地区生态河岸带建设之中。
本文全面地阐述了生态河岸带的内涵,并根据对上海地区河岸带进行全面调查所得数据,通过聚类分析,将上海地区河岸带分成13个类型,分别从影响因素、现状特征、植被群落组成和分布情况四个方面阐述了不同类型河岸带特点。此外,本文从生态河岸带具有的稳定性和可持续性特征出发,分别从功能、结构和生境三个方面,对位于上海市外环以外、内环——外环之间和内环之间的河岸带进行了系统综合的评价。外环以外河岸带的综合评价结果表明该地区河岸带生态系统健康程度绝大多数处于“良好”的状态,综合评价值高于0.63；内环-外环河岸带的综合评价结果表明该地区河岸带生态系统健康程度绝大多数高于“一般”的状态,综合评价值高于0.50；内环以内河岸带的综合评价结果表明该地区河岸带生态系统健康程度绝大多数处于“较差”或“差”的状态,总体而言,评价等级偏低,综合评价值低于0.50。并且,本文以河岸带结构、土壤、植物选择、水位变动及坡度作为构建生态河岸带的5个要素,以临港新城城市公园河岸带为例,分析5个要素,进行生态化改造,对改造前后的河岸带采用生态河岸带评价指标进行评价,并进行对比研究,发现改造后的内涟河城市公园段及C港城市公园段河岸带明显优于改造前,由改造前的生态系统评价低于“一般”的状态,变成改造后的生态系统评价等级高于“良好”的状态。
Currently the water environmental problems is become serious day by day. The main water environmental problem in Yangtze river valley is water pollution, soil and water loss and so on. With the requirement of the water landscape become more and more strong, degradation of the lake and river's ecosystem become a important reason of water environment depravation. Integrital ecosystem in the maintenance of the health of river ecosystems play an important role in riparian ecosystems, loss or degradation of river ecosystem degradation and deterioration of water quality an important factor. However riverside garden and landscape ecology of that does not mean, and the many rivers and lakes in Shanghai, ditch inlet aspect, therefore, of the Shanghai area of ecological riparian zone is necessary, is of great practical significance.
The riparian ecosystem of quantitative evaluation is small, this gives the design of riparian ecosystem, improvement and protection of certain difficulties. Lack of uniform measurement standards, Not workable, Riparian zone caused the present one-sided and blind construction. To be able to build and improve the riparian zone to provide a unified measure of the need to strengthen the quantitative riparian ecosystem study In this paper, explore the riparian zone of the concept, content, function, impact indicators, types and evaluation models, Allow people to understand from a qualitative point of riparian zone, from a quantitative point of view to grasp the factors affecting riparian zone, riparian zone of ecological construction and design and construction standards to provide the theoretical basis. Thus meet the flood drainage requirements and ensure the structural stability of the slope, with the surrounding eco-systems (terrestrial ecosystems, water ecosystems, etc.) mutual harmonious, cooperative development, to maintain species diversity and maintain the material and energy cycle provide a rich food chain, the maintenance of plant and animal habitats, habitat quality, improve the living environment and the health of ecosystems.
The paper has presented systematically study on theory and construction of ecosystem of riparian zone based on analysing and summarizing related internal and abroad research.Establishment of the riparian ecosystem assessment theory framework, and take ecological restoration in the Lingang new town city park of Shanghai as empirical study. Combination of theory of riparian ecosystem and practice of construction in Shanghai area.
This article gives a comprehensive overview of the meaning of ecological riparian zone, and based on comprehensive survey riparian zone in Shanghai, through clustering analysis, the riparian zone in Shanghai is divided into 13 types.Respectively, described the character of riparian zone from the influencing factors, the current characteristics, vegetation community composition in Shanghai. In addition, because of the stability and sustainability of the riparian ecosystem, systematic assessed the outside the outer ring of Shanghai, between the inner ring and the outer ring and inside inner ring from the function, structure and habitat. Found the comprehensive assessment results show the riparian zone ecosystems majority is "good" state outside the outer ring, comprehensive evaluation value higher than 0.63; the comprehensive assessment results show the riparian ecosystem majority is "normal" state between inside inner roll and outside outer roll, comprehensive assessment value higher than 0.50; The assessment results show the riparian zone ecosystem majority is "worse" or "bad" state within the inner roll, in general, assessment grade is relatively low, comprehensive assessment value less than 0.50. And, this paper as riparian structure, soil, plant selection, water level change and slope as 5 elements of construction ecological riparian.Example for Lingang new town,analysis the 5 element,take ecological,and contrast the transformation before and after. Found after transformation the riparian zone ecosystem was superior transform before,the assessment of the ecosystem of riparian zone from under "normal" state become higher "good" state.
有关河岸带生态系统定量评价方面的研究很少,这就给河岸带生态系统的设计、改进与保护带来了一定的困难,缺乏统一的衡量标准,可操作性较差,造成目前河岸带的建设的片面性和盲目性。因此,为了能够给河岸带建设与改进提供统一的衡量标准,必须加强河岸带生态系统的定量研究。本文通过探究河岸带的概念、内涵、功能、影响指标、类型以及评价模型等,让人们从定性的角度去理解河岸带,从定量的角度把握影响河岸带的因子,为生态河岸带的构建与设计提供理论依据和施工标准。从而在满足行洪排涝要求和保证岸坡结构稳定的前提下,能与周围生态系统(陆地生态系统、水体生态系统等)相互和谐、协同发展,能维持物种多样性、保持物质和能量循环、提供丰富的食物链、维持植物生境和动物栖息地的质量、改善人居环境及生态系统的健康。
本文在分析总结国内外河岸带生态系统研究的基础上,对生态河岸带的理论与构建进行了较为系统的研究,建立了生态河岸带评价的理论框架,并以上海市临港新城城市公园作为实证研究对象,对城市公园内的河岸带进行了生态化修复,很好地将生态河岸带的理论应用到上海地区生态河岸带建设之中。
本文全面地阐述了生态河岸带的内涵,并根据对上海地区河岸带进行全面调查所得数据,通过聚类分析,将上海地区河岸带分成13个类型,分别从影响因素、现状特征、植被群落组成和分布情况四个方面阐述了不同类型河岸带特点。此外,本文从生态河岸带具有的稳定性和可持续性特征出发,分别从功能、结构和生境三个方面,对位于上海市外环以外、内环——外环之间和内环之间的河岸带进行了系统综合的评价。外环以外河岸带的综合评价结果表明该地区河岸带生态系统健康程度绝大多数处于“良好”的状态,综合评价值高于0.63；内环-外环河岸带的综合评价结果表明该地区河岸带生态系统健康程度绝大多数高于“一般”的状态,综合评价值高于0.50；内环以内河岸带的综合评价结果表明该地区河岸带生态系统健康程度绝大多数处于“较差”或“差”的状态,总体而言,评价等级偏低,综合评价值低于0.50。并且,本文以河岸带结构、土壤、植物选择、水位变动及坡度作为构建生态河岸带的5个要素,以临港新城城市公园河岸带为例,分析5个要素,进行生态化改造,对改造前后的河岸带采用生态河岸带评价指标进行评价,并进行对比研究,发现改造后的内涟河城市公园段及C港城市公园段河岸带明显优于改造前,由改造前的生态系统评价低于“一般”的状态,变成改造后的生态系统评价等级高于“良好”的状态。
Currently the water environmental problems is become serious day by day. The main water environmental problem in Yangtze river valley is water pollution, soil and water loss and so on. With the requirement of the water landscape become more and more strong, degradation of the lake and river's ecosystem become a important reason of water environment depravation. Integrital ecosystem in the maintenance of the health of river ecosystems play an important role in riparian ecosystems, loss or degradation of river ecosystem degradation and deterioration of water quality an important factor. However riverside garden and landscape ecology of that does not mean, and the many rivers and lakes in Shanghai, ditch inlet aspect, therefore, of the Shanghai area of ecological riparian zone is necessary, is of great practical significance.
The riparian ecosystem of quantitative evaluation is small, this gives the design of riparian ecosystem, improvement and protection of certain difficulties. Lack of uniform measurement standards, Not workable, Riparian zone caused the present one-sided and blind construction. To be able to build and improve the riparian zone to provide a unified measure of the need to strengthen the quantitative riparian ecosystem study In this paper, explore the riparian zone of the concept, content, function, impact indicators, types and evaluation models, Allow people to understand from a qualitative point of riparian zone, from a quantitative point of view to grasp the factors affecting riparian zone, riparian zone of ecological construction and design and construction standards to provide the theoretical basis. Thus meet the flood drainage requirements and ensure the structural stability of the slope, with the surrounding eco-systems (terrestrial ecosystems, water ecosystems, etc.) mutual harmonious, cooperative development, to maintain species diversity and maintain the material and energy cycle provide a rich food chain, the maintenance of plant and animal habitats, habitat quality, improve the living environment and the health of ecosystems.
The paper has presented systematically study on theory and construction of ecosystem of riparian zone based on analysing and summarizing related internal and abroad research.Establishment of the riparian ecosystem assessment theory framework, and take ecological restoration in the Lingang new town city park of Shanghai as empirical study. Combination of theory of riparian ecosystem and practice of construction in Shanghai area.
This article gives a comprehensive overview of the meaning of ecological riparian zone, and based on comprehensive survey riparian zone in Shanghai, through clustering analysis, the riparian zone in Shanghai is divided into 13 types.Respectively, described the character of riparian zone from the influencing factors, the current characteristics, vegetation community composition in Shanghai. In addition, because of the stability and sustainability of the riparian ecosystem, systematic assessed the outside the outer ring of Shanghai, between the inner ring and the outer ring and inside inner ring from the function, structure and habitat. Found the comprehensive assessment results show the riparian zone ecosystems majority is "good" state outside the outer ring, comprehensive evaluation value higher than 0.63; the comprehensive assessment results show the riparian ecosystem majority is "normal" state between inside inner roll and outside outer roll, comprehensive assessment value higher than 0.50; The assessment results show the riparian zone ecosystem majority is "worse" or "bad" state within the inner roll, in general, assessment grade is relatively low, comprehensive assessment value less than 0.50. And, this paper as riparian structure, soil, plant selection, water level change and slope as 5 elements of construction ecological riparian.Example for Lingang new town,analysis the 5 element,take ecological,and contrast the transformation before and after. Found after transformation the riparian zone ecosystem was superior transform before,the assessment of the ecosystem of riparian zone from under "normal" state become higher "good" state.
引文
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