东莞市环境公民社会建设研究
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摘要
生态环境的日益恶化不断威胁着人类的健康和生存，人类对环境问题的关注促使越来越多的国家重视环境公民的建设。自改革开放以来东莞经济快速发展，但社会生活环境的保护力度却未能跟上经济发展的速度。东莞现为劳动密集型产业聚集区，户籍人口与外来人口的比例达到1:3.5，人口多样性、混合性、复杂性的特点增加了将广大民众纳入到环境保护过程中的难度。因此如何建立良好的全民参与的环境保护模式，怎样建设环境公民社会成为当前以及未来东莞建设幸福东莞和谐社会的重大课题。
文章在对已有的文献进行回顾的基础上，提出了本文研究的环境公民和环境公民社会范畴，构建了环境公民社会的理论分析模型，指出环境公民社会由意识层次、行为层次、组织层次、制度层次等四个层次组成，并从意识伦理、个人行为、他人行为和整体社会氛围四个维度对东莞环境公民社会进行了理论建构。
文章采用分层抽样方法，对东莞33个镇区的4272份样本进行了问卷调查，获得了2905份有效问卷，并以此为基础，对东莞现有的公民特征、公民环境保护意识、公民环境保护行为、环境保护现状、居民及社会对环保教育的满意度、取得环保的成效、环保设施建设等进行了统计分析和交叉分析，总结了东莞的公民特征现状，并对东莞环境公民进行了分类研究。
文章运用logistic回归模型对影响东莞环境公民类别和公民行为的客观外部特征进行了实证分析，结果表明：年龄、性别具有显著性影响；本地与外地居民的区别、职业性质的不同、公民收入差异对公民环境行为的形成具有明显的影响；婚姻状况和十八岁以前的居住地影响不显著；受教育程度由于问卷发放针对人群比例等原因，导致其影响不显著。
文章利用结构方程模型对环境公民建设的影响因素和它们之间的相互影响路径进行数理分析，结果表明：他人环境行为对公民个人环境意识产生正向影响，而环境公共服务的增长对环境意识的影响并不显著。他人环境行为评价对个人环境行为的影响不具有显著性，而环境公共服务满意度对公民环境行为的改变具有重要意义，环境教育和环境标识的服务可通过改变公民偏好来改变公民环境行为。影响环境公民意识和环境公民行为的因素并不相同，并且两者之间的相互影响关系尚不非常明显。
最后，文章从公共服务、环境参与、社会组织成长、公民行为方面提出了东莞建立环境公民社会的主要思路和政策建议。
The continuing deterioration of the ecological environment has threatened humanhealth and survival, therefore, the human concerns on environmental issues have promptedmore and more countries attach importance to the construction of environmental citizens.The economy of Dongguan City has been developing rapidly since the reform and openingup, but the environmental protection has been ignored. Dongguan City is gathered for thelabor-intensive industries, and the population ratio of resident population and floatingpopulation reaches1:3.5. Diversity, mixed and complex of population increase thedifficulty of participating the processing of environmental protection for people. Therefore,the important research direction in Dongguan City are how to establish a good mode forall people involved in environmental protection and how to build environmental civilsociety, which has become a major task of building a happy Dongguan and harmonioussociety for current and future Dongguan.
Based on the literature review and empirical background, this paper states theconcepts of environmental citizens and environmental civil society, builds a theoreticalanalysis model of the environmental civil society, points out that the environmental civilsociety is made up of the level of consciousness, the behavioral level, organizational level,system level, and constructs these theories of Dongguan environmental civil society fromthe four dimensions of awareness of ethics, personal behavior, the behavior of others andthe overall social atmosphere.
Stratified sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey of4272samples in33towns of Dongguan, in which2905questionnaires are valid. According tothese questionnaires, this paper investigates and analyzes Dongguan’s current civiccharacteristics, civic awareness of environmental protection, the behavior of citizenawareness of environmental protection, environmental protection situation, residents andsocial environmental education, effectiveness of the environmental protection,environmental protection facilities, and summarizes the status of the characteristics of thecitizens of Dongguan and Dongguan environmental citizens classification.
Through analyzing the environmental citizens classification andcitizens behavior bythe logistic model, this paper concludes that the factors of age, gender, local residents orthe transient, occupational character, citizen income have significant effect on citizens 'environmental behavior. However, the marital status and residential district before18years old was not significant. The education level indicates no significance because of theproportion of releasing questionnaire possibly.
This article applies structural equation model for the influencing factors ofenvironmental citizens’ construction and the interaction path and concludes thatenvironmental behavior of others has positive effect to environmental awareness; howeverthe effect of increasing environmental public service is not significant; the others’evaluation of environmental behavior has insignificant effect to individual environmentalbehavior; though the degree of environmental public service satisfaction has significanteffect to the change of environmental behavior.; moreover the service of environmentaleducation and identification could change citizen preference to improve environmentalbehavior; the influencing factors of environmental awareness and environmental behaviorare different, and the relationship was not obvious between each other.
Finally, the article gives main ideas and policy recommendations of Dongguanestablishment of environmental civil society, from public services, environmentalparticipation, growth of social organizations, civic behavior, Dongguan establishment ofenvironmental civil society ideas and policy recommendations.
文章在对已有的文献进行回顾的基础上，提出了本文研究的环境公民和环境公民社会范畴，构建了环境公民社会的理论分析模型，指出环境公民社会由意识层次、行为层次、组织层次、制度层次等四个层次组成，并从意识伦理、个人行为、他人行为和整体社会氛围四个维度对东莞环境公民社会进行了理论建构。
文章采用分层抽样方法，对东莞33个镇区的4272份样本进行了问卷调查，获得了2905份有效问卷，并以此为基础，对东莞现有的公民特征、公民环境保护意识、公民环境保护行为、环境保护现状、居民及社会对环保教育的满意度、取得环保的成效、环保设施建设等进行了统计分析和交叉分析，总结了东莞的公民特征现状，并对东莞环境公民进行了分类研究。
文章运用logistic回归模型对影响东莞环境公民类别和公民行为的客观外部特征进行了实证分析，结果表明：年龄、性别具有显著性影响；本地与外地居民的区别、职业性质的不同、公民收入差异对公民环境行为的形成具有明显的影响；婚姻状况和十八岁以前的居住地影响不显著；受教育程度由于问卷发放针对人群比例等原因，导致其影响不显著。
文章利用结构方程模型对环境公民建设的影响因素和它们之间的相互影响路径进行数理分析，结果表明：他人环境行为对公民个人环境意识产生正向影响，而环境公共服务的增长对环境意识的影响并不显著。他人环境行为评价对个人环境行为的影响不具有显著性，而环境公共服务满意度对公民环境行为的改变具有重要意义，环境教育和环境标识的服务可通过改变公民偏好来改变公民环境行为。影响环境公民意识和环境公民行为的因素并不相同，并且两者之间的相互影响关系尚不非常明显。
最后，文章从公共服务、环境参与、社会组织成长、公民行为方面提出了东莞建立环境公民社会的主要思路和政策建议。
The continuing deterioration of the ecological environment has threatened humanhealth and survival, therefore, the human concerns on environmental issues have promptedmore and more countries attach importance to the construction of environmental citizens.The economy of Dongguan City has been developing rapidly since the reform and openingup, but the environmental protection has been ignored. Dongguan City is gathered for thelabor-intensive industries, and the population ratio of resident population and floatingpopulation reaches1:3.5. Diversity, mixed and complex of population increase thedifficulty of participating the processing of environmental protection for people. Therefore,the important research direction in Dongguan City are how to establish a good mode forall people involved in environmental protection and how to build environmental civilsociety, which has become a major task of building a happy Dongguan and harmonioussociety for current and future Dongguan.
Based on the literature review and empirical background, this paper states theconcepts of environmental citizens and environmental civil society, builds a theoreticalanalysis model of the environmental civil society, points out that the environmental civilsociety is made up of the level of consciousness, the behavioral level, organizational level,system level, and constructs these theories of Dongguan environmental civil society fromthe four dimensions of awareness of ethics, personal behavior, the behavior of others andthe overall social atmosphere.
Stratified sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey of4272samples in33towns of Dongguan, in which2905questionnaires are valid. According tothese questionnaires, this paper investigates and analyzes Dongguan’s current civiccharacteristics, civic awareness of environmental protection, the behavior of citizenawareness of environmental protection, environmental protection situation, residents andsocial environmental education, effectiveness of the environmental protection,environmental protection facilities, and summarizes the status of the characteristics of thecitizens of Dongguan and Dongguan environmental citizens classification.
Through analyzing the environmental citizens classification andcitizens behavior bythe logistic model, this paper concludes that the factors of age, gender, local residents orthe transient, occupational character, citizen income have significant effect on citizens 'environmental behavior. However, the marital status and residential district before18years old was not significant. The education level indicates no significance because of theproportion of releasing questionnaire possibly.
This article applies structural equation model for the influencing factors ofenvironmental citizens’ construction and the interaction path and concludes thatenvironmental behavior of others has positive effect to environmental awareness; howeverthe effect of increasing environmental public service is not significant; the others’evaluation of environmental behavior has insignificant effect to individual environmentalbehavior; though the degree of environmental public service satisfaction has significanteffect to the change of environmental behavior.; moreover the service of environmentaleducation and identification could change citizen preference to improve environmentalbehavior; the influencing factors of environmental awareness and environmental behaviorare different, and the relationship was not obvious between each other.
Finally, the article gives main ideas and policy recommendations of Dongguanestablishment of environmental civil society, from public services, environmentalparticipation, growth of social organizations, civic behavior, Dongguan establishment ofenvironmental civil society ideas and policy recommendations.
引文
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