猪免疫力参数及其与部分生产性能关系的研究
摘要
本研究以大白猪和中畜黑猪两个品种／群体作为受试动物，其中大白猪312头，中畜黑猪209头。测定了4个免疫指标和5个生产性能指标，包括血清总IgG含量(WIgG)、猪瘟抗体滴度(HCVIgG)、淋巴细胞转化力(FAL)、中性粒细胞吞噬力(PA)、初生重(BW)、断奶重(WW)、140日龄重(W_(140))、140日龄背膘厚(BFT_(140))、140日龄眼肌面积(LEA_(140))，并求出了各测定指标的平均表型值、各指标之间的表型相关、各指标的遗传力及各指标之间的遗传相关。同时，还对两个品种／群体的表型值进行了比较，建立了免疫指标与生产性能间的多元线性回归方程。其中总IgG含量的测定采用双抗夹心酶联免疫吸附实验(DAS-ELISA)法，猪瘟抗体滴度采用间接ELISA法，淋巴细胞转化力的测定以植物血凝素(PHA)作为刺激原，以中性粒细胞还原硝基四氮唑(NBT)的能力来代表中性粒细胞的吞噬力。
研究结果表明，中畜黑猪各免疫指标值比大白猪的都要高，但生产性能值则大白比中畜黑猪都高。显著性检验结果表明，淋巴细胞转化力、中性粒细胞吞噬力、断奶重、140日龄背膘厚和140日龄眼肌面积，这几个指标二者差异极显著(P＜0.01)：总IgG含量、140日龄体重二者差异显著(P＜0.05)；但猪瘟抗体滴度，初生重二者差异不显著(P＞05)。表型相关分析结果表明，细胞免疫指标间表现为较高的正相关(0.563)；细胞免疫指标(淋巴细胞转化力、中性粒细胞吞噬力)与体液免疫指标(血清总IgG含量、猪瘟抗体滴度)则表现为弱的正相关(0.172～0.224)；血清总IgG含量与猪瘟抗体滴度间存在着较大的正相关(0.310)。所测几个免疫指标大多与生产性状相关较小(-0.02～0.225)，但淋巴细胞转化力与140日龄体重、140日龄背膘厚、140日龄眼肌面积的相关则稍高一些(0.259～0.333)。生产性能中，初生重和断奶重的相关较大(0.474)，而二者与140日龄体重、140日龄背膘厚、140日龄眼肌面积的相关却都较小(一0.107～0.235)，140日龄眼肌面积与140日龄体重、140日龄背膘厚呈负相关
(一0.211~一0.498)，140日龄体重和140日龄背膘厚的相关也较高(0.634)。
这说明生产性能中，繁殖性状和生长发育性状的相关较小。生产性能的多元线性
回归分析的结果表明，很多免疫指标(包括血清总IgG含量、淋巴细胞转化力和
中性粒细胞吞噬力)与生产性能的回归系数都达到了显著水平(P<0 .05)，说明
免疫指标大多对生产性能具有较大的贡献。
用MTDFREML法求得大白猪各性状血清总IgG含量、猪瘟抗体滴度、淋巴
细胞转化力、中性粒细胞吞噬力、初生重、断奶重、140日龄重、140日龄背膘
厚、140日龄眼肌面积的遗传力依次为:0.159、0.102、0.307、0.422、0.148、
0.095、0.216、0.257、0.341。除断奶重和总IgG含量、猪瘟抗体滴度、淋巴细
胞转化力的遗传相关值与表型相关值的差异较大外，各性状间的遗传相关与它们
的表型相关值基本接近。中畜黑猪各性状的遗传力基本上与大白猪一致，但大多
(除中性粒细胞吞噬力外)稍高于大白猪。
总之，中畜黑猪和大白猪存在免疫状况的差异，这表明它们可能存在有免疫
力和抗病力的遗传差异，且中畜黑猪的免疫力和抗病力比大白猪要强，但免疫指
标(除淋巴细胞转化力外)和生产性能间的相关不很高，要想使二者共同提高，
还需要进行更进一步的探讨和研究。
In this study, two breeds (Large White and Zhongxu Black pig) were used. 4 immune traits, and 5 production traits were measured for 312 Large White and 209 Zhongxu Black pigs, including whole IgG titer(WIgG), specific antibody after vaccination to Hog Cholera Virus(HCVIgG), the functional activity of lymphocyte(FAL), phagocytic capacity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes(PA),birth weight(BW),weaning weight(WW), backfat thickness(BFT140) and loin eye area (LEA140), weight (W140)at 140 days. WIgG was measured by a double antibody sandwich-ELISA technique. HCVIgG was measured by an indirect ELISA technique. FAL was assessed by phytohemagglutinin(PHA) induced lymphocyte proliferation. PA was determined by a NBT enhanced showing color. The production traits were measured by the breeder in the farm.
The results showed that the means of each immune trait obtained from Zhongxu Black pigs were higher than those of the corresponding traits from the Large White, but the means of each production trait obtained from Large White were better than those of the corresponding traits from the Zhongxu Black pig. When tested for significance, the mean values of FAL, PA, WW, BFT140 and LEA140 between two breeds were highly significant(P<0.01), but WIgG and WHO was significant(P<0.05). However, the mean values of HCVIgG, BW between Large White and Zhongxu Black pig were not significant (P>0.05 ) .The phenotypic correlating values between the humoral immunity traits and cellular immunity traits are low (0.172-0.224). The phenotypic correlating values in humoral immunity traits, cellular immunity traits are medium(0.310~0.563). But between immunity and production traits, the phenotypic correlations are relatively lower ( ~0.02~0.225 ) ,except the phenotypic correlations
(0.259~0.333) of the FAL with BFTi4o,LEAi4o, and Wi4o.From the results of regression analysis, we can see that immunity traits are contributed largely to production traits. Many regression parameter are significant (P<0.05 ) . The heritabilities(h2)ofWIgG, HCVIgG, FAL, PA, BW, WW, W140. BFT140, LEA140 was 0.159, 0.102, 0.307. 0.422, 0.148, 0.095, 0.216, 0.257, 0.341,respectively,in Large White pigs. The genetic correlating values of all measured traits are close to the phenotypic correlating values, except the genetic correlating values of WW with WIgG, HCVIgG and FAL. The h2 of these measured traits in Zhongxu Black pigs are similar with that of the h2 in Large White pigs, but a litter high than that of the h2 in Large White pigs.
In conclusion, this study has demonstrated variation in the immune status between two breeds, implying of a possible variation in then: immunological differences and disease resistance, Zhongxu Black pig is better than Large White, in these respects. Further more, the h2 of immune traits are medium. The correlations between iminune traits and production traits are low. So if we want to improve these two traits at the same time, it need further study involving more specific immune traits, greater pig numbers and new methods to allow evaluation of genetic characteristics.
研究结果表明，中畜黑猪各免疫指标值比大白猪的都要高，但生产性能值则大白比中畜黑猪都高。显著性检验结果表明，淋巴细胞转化力、中性粒细胞吞噬力、断奶重、140日龄背膘厚和140日龄眼肌面积，这几个指标二者差异极显著(P＜0.01)：总IgG含量、140日龄体重二者差异显著(P＜0.05)；但猪瘟抗体滴度，初生重二者差异不显著(P＞05)。表型相关分析结果表明，细胞免疫指标间表现为较高的正相关(0.563)；细胞免疫指标(淋巴细胞转化力、中性粒细胞吞噬力)与体液免疫指标(血清总IgG含量、猪瘟抗体滴度)则表现为弱的正相关(0.172～0.224)；血清总IgG含量与猪瘟抗体滴度间存在着较大的正相关(0.310)。所测几个免疫指标大多与生产性状相关较小(-0.02～0.225)，但淋巴细胞转化力与140日龄体重、140日龄背膘厚、140日龄眼肌面积的相关则稍高一些(0.259～0.333)。生产性能中，初生重和断奶重的相关较大(0.474)，而二者与140日龄体重、140日龄背膘厚、140日龄眼肌面积的相关却都较小(一0.107～0.235)，140日龄眼肌面积与140日龄体重、140日龄背膘厚呈负相关
(一0.211~一0.498)，140日龄体重和140日龄背膘厚的相关也较高(0.634)。
这说明生产性能中，繁殖性状和生长发育性状的相关较小。生产性能的多元线性
回归分析的结果表明，很多免疫指标(包括血清总IgG含量、淋巴细胞转化力和
中性粒细胞吞噬力)与生产性能的回归系数都达到了显著水平(P<0 .05)，说明
免疫指标大多对生产性能具有较大的贡献。
用MTDFREML法求得大白猪各性状血清总IgG含量、猪瘟抗体滴度、淋巴
细胞转化力、中性粒细胞吞噬力、初生重、断奶重、140日龄重、140日龄背膘
厚、140日龄眼肌面积的遗传力依次为:0.159、0.102、0.307、0.422、0.148、
0.095、0.216、0.257、0.341。除断奶重和总IgG含量、猪瘟抗体滴度、淋巴细
胞转化力的遗传相关值与表型相关值的差异较大外，各性状间的遗传相关与它们
的表型相关值基本接近。中畜黑猪各性状的遗传力基本上与大白猪一致，但大多
(除中性粒细胞吞噬力外)稍高于大白猪。
总之，中畜黑猪和大白猪存在免疫状况的差异，这表明它们可能存在有免疫
力和抗病力的遗传差异，且中畜黑猪的免疫力和抗病力比大白猪要强，但免疫指
标(除淋巴细胞转化力外)和生产性能间的相关不很高，要想使二者共同提高，
还需要进行更进一步的探讨和研究。
In this study, two breeds (Large White and Zhongxu Black pig) were used. 4 immune traits, and 5 production traits were measured for 312 Large White and 209 Zhongxu Black pigs, including whole IgG titer(WIgG), specific antibody after vaccination to Hog Cholera Virus(HCVIgG), the functional activity of lymphocyte(FAL), phagocytic capacity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes(PA),birth weight(BW),weaning weight(WW), backfat thickness(BFT140) and loin eye area (LEA140), weight (W140)at 140 days. WIgG was measured by a double antibody sandwich-ELISA technique. HCVIgG was measured by an indirect ELISA technique. FAL was assessed by phytohemagglutinin(PHA) induced lymphocyte proliferation. PA was determined by a NBT enhanced showing color. The production traits were measured by the breeder in the farm.
The results showed that the means of each immune trait obtained from Zhongxu Black pigs were higher than those of the corresponding traits from the Large White, but the means of each production trait obtained from Large White were better than those of the corresponding traits from the Zhongxu Black pig. When tested for significance, the mean values of FAL, PA, WW, BFT140 and LEA140 between two breeds were highly significant(P<0.01), but WIgG and WHO was significant(P<0.05). However, the mean values of HCVIgG, BW between Large White and Zhongxu Black pig were not significant (P>0.05 ) .The phenotypic correlating values between the humoral immunity traits and cellular immunity traits are low (0.172-0.224). The phenotypic correlating values in humoral immunity traits, cellular immunity traits are medium(0.310~0.563). But between immunity and production traits, the phenotypic correlations are relatively lower ( ~0.02~0.225 ) ,except the phenotypic correlations
(0.259~0.333) of the FAL with BFTi4o,LEAi4o, and Wi4o.From the results of regression analysis, we can see that immunity traits are contributed largely to production traits. Many regression parameter are significant (P<0.05 ) . The heritabilities(h2)ofWIgG, HCVIgG, FAL, PA, BW, WW, W140. BFT140, LEA140 was 0.159, 0.102, 0.307. 0.422, 0.148, 0.095, 0.216, 0.257, 0.341,respectively,in Large White pigs. The genetic correlating values of all measured traits are close to the phenotypic correlating values, except the genetic correlating values of WW with WIgG, HCVIgG and FAL. The h2 of these measured traits in Zhongxu Black pigs are similar with that of the h2 in Large White pigs, but a litter high than that of the h2 in Large White pigs.
In conclusion, this study has demonstrated variation in the immune status between two breeds, implying of a possible variation in then: immunological differences and disease resistance, Zhongxu Black pig is better than Large White, in these respects. Further more, the h2 of immune traits are medium. The correlations between iminune traits and production traits are low. So if we want to improve these two traits at the same time, it need further study involving more specific immune traits, greater pig numbers and new methods to allow evaluation of genetic characteristics.
引文
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