基于数学模型的现代稳健优化设计
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摘要
稳健设计是满足产品高性能、低成本、高抗干扰能力的设计方法。本文提出了一
种新的稳健设计方法——现代稳健优化设计法。现代稳健优化设计是以数学模型为
基础，与计算机技术、优化技术相结合，通过合理调整设计变量及控制其公差，使当
设计变量和干扰变量的值与目标值发生偏差时，仍能保证产品质量的设计方法。现代
稳健优化设计包括系统设计、参数设计和公差设计三部分。通过系统设计，确定设计
方案和系统结构；通过参数设计确定使特性函数对干扰变量灵敏度最小的设计变量的
值；通过公差设计确定满足产品功能要求的设计变量的公差。
论文首先介绍了我国发展稳健设计的意义及稳健设计的发展概况，说明了研究
稳健设计的重要性和紧迫性。然后对现代稳健优化设计法进行了详细的阐述，并以三
杆构件、汽车减振器的现代稳健优化设计为例进行说明。能介绍了以MATLAB5.0
为平台的现代稳健优化设计软件，实现现代稳健优化设计的自动化。
Robust design is a design method meeting the product demands for high performance,
low cost and high noise resistance. In this paper, a new robust design method is presented-
modern robust optimal design method. Modem robust optimal design method bases on
mathematic model and combines with the computer and optimization technology. It is a
design meth4 through rationally adjusting design variables and controlling their tolerances,
which can ensure product quality even if the value of design variables and noise variables
deviate from the target value. Modem mbust optimal design method includes system
design, parameter design and tolerance design. System design can define design plan and
system structure; Parameter design can define the value of design variables which make the
characteristic function minimi.m sensitivity to noise variables; Tolerance design can define the
tolerance which meet the functional demands of product.
Firstly, the paper presents the significance and development of the robust design in brief
Secondly the paper presents the modem robust optimal design method in detail, and gives it
two examples. Finally, the paper describes the software to automatize the modem robust
optimal design method.
种新的稳健设计方法——现代稳健优化设计法。现代稳健优化设计是以数学模型为
基础，与计算机技术、优化技术相结合，通过合理调整设计变量及控制其公差，使当
设计变量和干扰变量的值与目标值发生偏差时，仍能保证产品质量的设计方法。现代
稳健优化设计包括系统设计、参数设计和公差设计三部分。通过系统设计，确定设计
方案和系统结构；通过参数设计确定使特性函数对干扰变量灵敏度最小的设计变量的
值；通过公差设计确定满足产品功能要求的设计变量的公差。
论文首先介绍了我国发展稳健设计的意义及稳健设计的发展概况，说明了研究
稳健设计的重要性和紧迫性。然后对现代稳健优化设计法进行了详细的阐述，并以三
杆构件、汽车减振器的现代稳健优化设计为例进行说明。能介绍了以MATLAB5.0
为平台的现代稳健优化设计软件，实现现代稳健优化设计的自动化。
Robust design is a design method meeting the product demands for high performance,
low cost and high noise resistance. In this paper, a new robust design method is presented-
modern robust optimal design method. Modem robust optimal design method bases on
mathematic model and combines with the computer and optimization technology. It is a
design meth4 through rationally adjusting design variables and controlling their tolerances,
which can ensure product quality even if the value of design variables and noise variables
deviate from the target value. Modem mbust optimal design method includes system
design, parameter design and tolerance design. System design can define design plan and
system structure; Parameter design can define the value of design variables which make the
characteristic function minimi.m sensitivity to noise variables; Tolerance design can define the
tolerance which meet the functional demands of product.
Firstly, the paper presents the significance and development of the robust design in brief
Secondly the paper presents the modem robust optimal design method in detail, and gives it
two examples. Finally, the paper describes the software to automatize the modem robust
optimal design method.
引文
1． 国家自然基金委员会工程与材料科学部-机械工程科学技术前沿编委会编， 机械工程科学技术前沿，机械工业出版社，1996．
2． 韩之俊，三次设计，机械工业出版社，1991．
3． Thomas B. Barker, Quality Engineering by Design: Taguchi's Philosophy. Quality Progress, 1986 pp32-42．
4． 韩之俊，质量工程学．北京理工大学出版社，1991．
5． 韩之俊，张渭基，质量工程学-线外，线内质量管理，科学出版社，1991．
6． 李泳鲜，孟庆国，姬振豫，机械稳健设计的研究概况与趋势，工程设计，1999 年第10期：pp1-4．
7． 陈立周，工程稳健设计的发展现状与趋势，中国机械工程学会会讯， 1998(6) ：pp4-8．
8． 李泳鲜，曹健，汽车主减振器双曲面齿轮的参数设计法，世界汽车，1995(6) ．
9． 李泳鲜，张和平，韩贵林，准双曲面齿轮的三次模糊设计，工程设计，1998(2) ．
10． 张蕾，卢玉明，石均，高速、中载圆柱齿轮减速器的稳健优化设计，机械 设计，1998(10) ．
11． 丁旭如，王威雄，用低成本取得高质量的途径-稳健设计，中国机械工程， 1997年第8卷第1期：pp36-38．
12． 陈立周，翁海珊，工程稳健优化设计，机械设计，1998(8) ．
13． 邬华芝，圆柱螺旋刚度的三次设计，机械设计与研究，1998(3) ：pp37-38．
14． 常亮明，稳健设计的双面响应法，中国机械工程，第9卷，第8期，1998： pp32-35．
15． John L. McGovern, A Critique of the Taguchi Approach-Part Ⅰ: A Presentation of Some Deficiencies and How These Limits its Efficiency and Validity, J. of Coatings Technology, Vol.66, No. 830, 1994 pp65-70．
16． John L. McGovern, A Critique of the Taguchi Approach-part Ⅱ: An
Alternative that is More Efficient, J. of Coatings Technology, Vol.66, No.831, 1994 pp55-61．
17． Vijayan N. Nair, Taguchi's Parameter designs: A Panel Discussion, Technometrics, Vol.34, No. 2, 1992 pp127-161．
18． T. N. Goh, Taguchi Methods: Some Technical, Cultural and Pedagogical Prospective, Quality and Reliability Engineering International, Vol.9, 1993 pp185-202．
19． Michael Hamada, Reliability Improvement via Taguchi's Robust Design, Quality and Reliability Engineering International, Vol.9, 1993 pp7-13．
20． George Box, Soren Bisgaard and Conrad Fung, An Explanation and Critique of Taguchi's Contributions to Quality Engineering, Quality and Reliability Engineering International, Vol.4, No.2, 1988 pp95-104．
21． Nancy E. Ryan, Tapping into Taguchi, Manufacturing Engineering, May 1987．
22． Diane M. Byrne and Shin Taguchi, the Taguchi Approach to Parameter Design, Quality Progress, December 1987 pp19-26．
23． Raghu N. Kackar, Taguchi's Quality Philosophy: Analysis and Commentary, Quality Progress, December 1986 pp21-29．
24． Raghu N. Kackar and Anne C. Shoemaker, Robust Design: A Cost-effective Method for Improving Manufacturing Processes, AT&T Technical Journal, Vol.65, 1986 pp39-50．
25． G. Geoffery Vining and Raymond H. Myers, Combining Taguchi and Response Surface Philosophies: A Dual Response Approach, Journal of Quality Technology, Vol.22, No.1, 1990 pp38-45．
26． Pregibon D., Review of Generalized Linear Models, Ann. Statist, Vol.12, 1984 pp1589-1596．
27． A. D. Belegundu and Shenghua Zhang, Robustness of Design through
Minimum Sensitivity, J. of Mech. Design, Vol.114, 1992 pp213-217．
28． Michael W and Siddall J N, the Optimization Problem with Optimal Tolerance Assignment and Full Acceptance, J. Of Mech. Design, Vol.103, 1981 pp842-898．
29． Richard J. Balling, Joseph C. Free and Alan R. Parkinson, Consideration of Worst-Case Manufacturing Tolerances in Design Optimization, Trans. of the ASME, Vol.108, 1986 pp438-441．
30． A. Parkinson, C. Sorensen and N. Pourhassan, A General Approach for Robust Optimal Design, Trans. of the ASME, Vol.115, 1993 pp74-80．
31． G. Emch, and A. Parkinson, Robust Optimal Design for Worst-Case Tolerances, Journal of Mechanical Design, Vol.116, 1994 pp1019-1025．
32． Lance Lewis and Alan Parkinson, Robust Optimal Design Using a Second-Order Tolerance Model, Research in Engineering Design, No. 6, 1994 pp25-32．
33． A. Parkinson, Robust Mechanical Design Using Engineering Models, Trans. of the ASME, vol.117, June 1995 pp48-54．
34． 何献忠，最优化技术及其应用，北京理工大学出版社，1995。
35． G．帕尔，W．拜茨，工程设计学学习与实践手册，机械工业出版社，1992。
36． E．J．豪格，E．S．阿罗拉，实用最优设计，科学出版社，1985。
37． 刘鸿文，材料力学，高等教育出版社，1992。
38． 檀润华，汽车减振器及乘座动力学非线性建模研究，博士论文，1998。
39． D. H. Besinger, D. Cebon, D. J. Cole, Damper Models for Heavy Vehicle Ride Dynamics, VSD, 1995(24) , pp35-64．
40． Kwangjin Lee, Numerical Modeling for the Hydraulic Performance Prediction of Automotive Monotone Dampers, VSD, 1997(26) , pp25-39．
41． S. Duym, An Alternative Force State Map for Shock Absorbers, Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. , Vol.211 Part D, 1997, pp175-179．
42． S. Cafferty, G. R. Tomlinson, Characterization of Automotive Dampers Using Higher Order Frequency Response Functions, Proc. Inst. Mech.
Eng., Vol.211 Part D, 1997, pp183-203．
43． Stefan Duym, Randy Stien, Evaluation of Shock Absorber Models, VSD, 1997(27) , pp109-127．
44． 李人厚，张平安，精通MATLAB综合辅导与指南，西安交通大学出版社，1997。
45． 高俊斌，MATLAB5． 0语言与程序设计，华中理工大学出版社，1998。
46． 施阳，李俊，MATLAB语言工具箱-TOOLBOX实用指南，西北工业大学出 版社，1998。
47． 施阳，MATLAB语言精要及动态仿真工具SIMULINK，西北工业大学出版社， 1998。
48． 张志勇，刘瑞桢，杨祖樱，精通与掌握MATLAB，北京航空航天大学出版社， 1997。
49． 薛定宇，控制系统计算机辅助设计-语言及应用，清华大学出版社，1996。
50． R．L．福克斯，工程设计的优化方法，科学出版社，1981。
2． 韩之俊，三次设计，机械工业出版社，1991．
3． Thomas B. Barker, Quality Engineering by Design: Taguchi's Philosophy. Quality Progress, 1986 pp32-42．
4． 韩之俊，质量工程学．北京理工大学出版社，1991．
5． 韩之俊，张渭基，质量工程学-线外，线内质量管理，科学出版社，1991．
6． 李泳鲜，孟庆国，姬振豫，机械稳健设计的研究概况与趋势，工程设计，1999 年第10期：pp1-4．
7． 陈立周，工程稳健设计的发展现状与趋势，中国机械工程学会会讯， 1998(6) ：pp4-8．
8． 李泳鲜，曹健，汽车主减振器双曲面齿轮的参数设计法，世界汽车，1995(6) ．
9． 李泳鲜，张和平，韩贵林，准双曲面齿轮的三次模糊设计，工程设计，1998(2) ．
10． 张蕾，卢玉明，石均，高速、中载圆柱齿轮减速器的稳健优化设计，机械 设计，1998(10) ．
11． 丁旭如，王威雄，用低成本取得高质量的途径-稳健设计，中国机械工程， 1997年第8卷第1期：pp36-38．
12． 陈立周，翁海珊，工程稳健优化设计，机械设计，1998(8) ．
13． 邬华芝，圆柱螺旋刚度的三次设计，机械设计与研究，1998(3) ：pp37-38．
14． 常亮明，稳健设计的双面响应法，中国机械工程，第9卷，第8期，1998： pp32-35．
15． John L. McGovern, A Critique of the Taguchi Approach-Part Ⅰ: A Presentation of Some Deficiencies and How These Limits its Efficiency and Validity, J. of Coatings Technology, Vol.66, No. 830, 1994 pp65-70．
16． John L. McGovern, A Critique of the Taguchi Approach-part Ⅱ: An
Alternative that is More Efficient, J. of Coatings Technology, Vol.66, No.831, 1994 pp55-61．
17． Vijayan N. Nair, Taguchi's Parameter designs: A Panel Discussion, Technometrics, Vol.34, No. 2, 1992 pp127-161．
18． T. N. Goh, Taguchi Methods: Some Technical, Cultural and Pedagogical Prospective, Quality and Reliability Engineering International, Vol.9, 1993 pp185-202．
19． Michael Hamada, Reliability Improvement via Taguchi's Robust Design, Quality and Reliability Engineering International, Vol.9, 1993 pp7-13．
20． George Box, Soren Bisgaard and Conrad Fung, An Explanation and Critique of Taguchi's Contributions to Quality Engineering, Quality and Reliability Engineering International, Vol.4, No.2, 1988 pp95-104．
21． Nancy E. Ryan, Tapping into Taguchi, Manufacturing Engineering, May 1987．
22． Diane M. Byrne and Shin Taguchi, the Taguchi Approach to Parameter Design, Quality Progress, December 1987 pp19-26．
23． Raghu N. Kackar, Taguchi's Quality Philosophy: Analysis and Commentary, Quality Progress, December 1986 pp21-29．
24． Raghu N. Kackar and Anne C. Shoemaker, Robust Design: A Cost-effective Method for Improving Manufacturing Processes, AT&T Technical Journal, Vol.65, 1986 pp39-50．
25． G. Geoffery Vining and Raymond H. Myers, Combining Taguchi and Response Surface Philosophies: A Dual Response Approach, Journal of Quality Technology, Vol.22, No.1, 1990 pp38-45．
26． Pregibon D., Review of Generalized Linear Models, Ann. Statist, Vol.12, 1984 pp1589-1596．
27． A. D. Belegundu and Shenghua Zhang, Robustness of Design through
Minimum Sensitivity, J. of Mech. Design, Vol.114, 1992 pp213-217．
28． Michael W and Siddall J N, the Optimization Problem with Optimal Tolerance Assignment and Full Acceptance, J. Of Mech. Design, Vol.103, 1981 pp842-898．
29． Richard J. Balling, Joseph C. Free and Alan R. Parkinson, Consideration of Worst-Case Manufacturing Tolerances in Design Optimization, Trans. of the ASME, Vol.108, 1986 pp438-441．
30． A. Parkinson, C. Sorensen and N. Pourhassan, A General Approach for Robust Optimal Design, Trans. of the ASME, Vol.115, 1993 pp74-80．
31． G. Emch, and A. Parkinson, Robust Optimal Design for Worst-Case Tolerances, Journal of Mechanical Design, Vol.116, 1994 pp1019-1025．
32． Lance Lewis and Alan Parkinson, Robust Optimal Design Using a Second-Order Tolerance Model, Research in Engineering Design, No. 6, 1994 pp25-32．
33． A. Parkinson, Robust Mechanical Design Using Engineering Models, Trans. of the ASME, vol.117, June 1995 pp48-54．
34． 何献忠，最优化技术及其应用，北京理工大学出版社，1995。
35． G．帕尔，W．拜茨，工程设计学学习与实践手册，机械工业出版社，1992。
36． E．J．豪格，E．S．阿罗拉，实用最优设计，科学出版社，1985。
37． 刘鸿文，材料力学，高等教育出版社，1992。
38． 檀润华，汽车减振器及乘座动力学非线性建模研究，博士论文，1998。
39． D. H. Besinger, D. Cebon, D. J. Cole, Damper Models for Heavy Vehicle Ride Dynamics, VSD, 1995(24) , pp35-64．
40． Kwangjin Lee, Numerical Modeling for the Hydraulic Performance Prediction of Automotive Monotone Dampers, VSD, 1997(26) , pp25-39．
41． S. Duym, An Alternative Force State Map for Shock Absorbers, Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. , Vol.211 Part D, 1997, pp175-179．
42． S. Cafferty, G. R. Tomlinson, Characterization of Automotive Dampers Using Higher Order Frequency Response Functions, Proc. Inst. Mech.
Eng., Vol.211 Part D, 1997, pp183-203．
43． Stefan Duym, Randy Stien, Evaluation of Shock Absorber Models, VSD, 1997(27) , pp109-127．
44． 李人厚，张平安，精通MATLAB综合辅导与指南，西安交通大学出版社，1997。
45． 高俊斌，MATLAB5． 0语言与程序设计，华中理工大学出版社，1998。
46． 施阳，李俊，MATLAB语言工具箱-TOOLBOX实用指南，西北工业大学出 版社，1998。
47． 施阳，MATLAB语言精要及动态仿真工具SIMULINK，西北工业大学出版社， 1998。
48． 张志勇，刘瑞桢，杨祖樱，精通与掌握MATLAB，北京航空航天大学出版社， 1997。
49． 薛定宇，控制系统计算机辅助设计-语言及应用，清华大学出版社，1996。
50． R．L．福克斯，工程设计的优化方法，科学出版社，1981。