控制消耗臭氧层物质立法研究
|
摘要
本文从缔约国履行《关于消耗臭氧层物质的蒙特利尔议定书》(以下简称《议定书》)出发，以如何将国家履约责任转化为企业的责任为主线，研究控制消耗臭氧层物质立法的问题，试图找出发展中国家有效控制消耗臭氧层物质立法的共性，并为我国控制消耗臭氧层物质立法的完善提出几点建议。
文章的第一章介绍了臭氧层的基本知识、国际社会保护臭氧层的缘由和《议定书》体系，进而分析了履行《议定书》和国内控制消耗臭氧层立法的关系。任何国家批准加入《议定书》，就意味着该国承担了履行《议定书》义务的国家责任，如何将国家责任转化为企业、个人等相关国内利益主体的责任，实现本国消耗臭氧层物质的消减目标，是国内立法亟待解决的首要问题。《议定书》为世界各国控制消耗臭氧层物质的立法设定了明确的目标；各国按期履约是《议定书》体系有效运行的必要前提，国内立法为各国按期履约提供了坚实的法律基础。
文章第二章介绍和分析了亚太地区三个代表性国家的控制消耗臭氧层物质的现行立法，试图从中总结出有效控制消耗臭氧层物质立法的共性。印度和中国都是消耗臭氧层物质的生产国，在控制消耗臭氧层物质生产方面能够有所借鉴；泰国重视政府部门和企业之间的合作，在企业支持的基础上推动消耗臭氧层物质消减计划的进行，并取得了一定的成绩，获得联合国环境规划署的肯定；菲律宾在2004年最新修订的《消耗臭氧层物质化学品控制法令》中，将氟氯烃和氟溴烃纳入了该法令的控制范围，是发展中国家之中率先立法控制氟氯烃和氟溴烃的代表之一。
文章第三、四章分析了控制消耗臭氧层物质的立法指导思想和原则以及主要法律制度，立法原则包括目标明确原则、协调统一原则、公平原则、可行性原则和综合战略原则。主要法律制度包括许可证制度、配额制度、再循环制度和经济刺激制度。
文章第五章在分析了我国现行立法的基础之上，对完善我国控制消耗臭氧层物质立法提出几点立法建议，并设计了专门单行立法的框架。
This article studies the legislation issue of Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS) control from the point of view of how to translate the state's commitments to implement Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (hereinafter referred as Montreal Protocol) to the industries and other stakeholders at the national level.
The first chapter introduces the basis knowledge of ozone layer, the reasons to protect ozone layer and the Montreal Protocol regime, and then analyzes the relationship between implementing the Montreal Protocol and national ODS control legislation. Any country that ratifies the Montreal Protocol should commit herself to implementing it, therefore, how to translate the state commitments to the industries and other stakeholders for achieving the ODS phase out schedule under the Montreal Protocol is the foremost issue to be dealt with within the national legal framework. Montreal Protocol set clear objectives to be fulfilled for the national ODS control legislation and countries' compliance and implementation is the precondition for the effectiveness of Montreal Protocol, which is guaranteed by the national legislation.
The second chapter introduces and analyzes the current regulations having impact on ODS control of three countries in the region of Asia and the Pacific, respectively India. Thailand and Philippines. India and China are both ODS producing countries, therefore, the ODS production control measures being used in India might be useful in our country; Thailand government pays much attention to the cooperation with industries which leads to successful ODS control in certain sectors; Philippines is advanced in ODS control legislation for they put HCFC and HBFC under control in the newly revised regulation.
The third and fourth chapters analyze the legislation principles and main legal systems of ODS control. The legislation principles include visionary and aspirational, consistent and synergistic, fair, equitable and balanced, enforceable and measurable, and comprehensive and flexible. The main legal systems include licensing system, quota system, recycling system and economic incentive and disincentive system.
Based on analyzing the current ODS control regulations in China, the last chapter provides some legislation suggestions and designs the basic contents for future specialized ODS legislation.
文章的第一章介绍了臭氧层的基本知识、国际社会保护臭氧层的缘由和《议定书》体系，进而分析了履行《议定书》和国内控制消耗臭氧层立法的关系。任何国家批准加入《议定书》，就意味着该国承担了履行《议定书》义务的国家责任，如何将国家责任转化为企业、个人等相关国内利益主体的责任，实现本国消耗臭氧层物质的消减目标，是国内立法亟待解决的首要问题。《议定书》为世界各国控制消耗臭氧层物质的立法设定了明确的目标；各国按期履约是《议定书》体系有效运行的必要前提，国内立法为各国按期履约提供了坚实的法律基础。
文章第二章介绍和分析了亚太地区三个代表性国家的控制消耗臭氧层物质的现行立法，试图从中总结出有效控制消耗臭氧层物质立法的共性。印度和中国都是消耗臭氧层物质的生产国，在控制消耗臭氧层物质生产方面能够有所借鉴；泰国重视政府部门和企业之间的合作，在企业支持的基础上推动消耗臭氧层物质消减计划的进行，并取得了一定的成绩，获得联合国环境规划署的肯定；菲律宾在2004年最新修订的《消耗臭氧层物质化学品控制法令》中，将氟氯烃和氟溴烃纳入了该法令的控制范围，是发展中国家之中率先立法控制氟氯烃和氟溴烃的代表之一。
文章第三、四章分析了控制消耗臭氧层物质的立法指导思想和原则以及主要法律制度，立法原则包括目标明确原则、协调统一原则、公平原则、可行性原则和综合战略原则。主要法律制度包括许可证制度、配额制度、再循环制度和经济刺激制度。
文章第五章在分析了我国现行立法的基础之上，对完善我国控制消耗臭氧层物质立法提出几点立法建议，并设计了专门单行立法的框架。
This article studies the legislation issue of Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS) control from the point of view of how to translate the state's commitments to implement Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (hereinafter referred as Montreal Protocol) to the industries and other stakeholders at the national level.
The first chapter introduces the basis knowledge of ozone layer, the reasons to protect ozone layer and the Montreal Protocol regime, and then analyzes the relationship between implementing the Montreal Protocol and national ODS control legislation. Any country that ratifies the Montreal Protocol should commit herself to implementing it, therefore, how to translate the state commitments to the industries and other stakeholders for achieving the ODS phase out schedule under the Montreal Protocol is the foremost issue to be dealt with within the national legal framework. Montreal Protocol set clear objectives to be fulfilled for the national ODS control legislation and countries' compliance and implementation is the precondition for the effectiveness of Montreal Protocol, which is guaranteed by the national legislation.
The second chapter introduces and analyzes the current regulations having impact on ODS control of three countries in the region of Asia and the Pacific, respectively India. Thailand and Philippines. India and China are both ODS producing countries, therefore, the ODS production control measures being used in India might be useful in our country; Thailand government pays much attention to the cooperation with industries which leads to successful ODS control in certain sectors; Philippines is advanced in ODS control legislation for they put HCFC and HBFC under control in the newly revised regulation.
The third and fourth chapters analyze the legislation principles and main legal systems of ODS control. The legislation principles include visionary and aspirational, consistent and synergistic, fair, equitable and balanced, enforceable and measurable, and comprehensive and flexible. The main legal systems include licensing system, quota system, recycling system and economic incentive and disincentive system.
Based on analyzing the current ODS control regulations in China, the last chapter provides some legislation suggestions and designs the basic contents for future specialized ODS legislation.
引文
1、王曦编著：《国际环境法》，法律出版社1998年版。
2、王曦主编：《环境法教程》，法律出版社2002年版。
3、王曦主编：《国际环境法资料选编》，民主与建设出版社1999年版。
4、王曦著：《美国环境法概论》，武汉大学出版社1992年版。
5、蔡守秋主编：《环境法教程》，武汉大学出版社2000年版。
6、蔡守秋主编：《环境资源法学》，人民法院出版社、中国公安大学出版社2003年版。
7、蔡守秋等著：《可持续发展与环境资源法制建设》，中国法制出版社2003年版。
8、李浩培著：《条约法概论》，法律出版社2003年版。
9、万鄂湘等著：《国际条约法》，武汉大学出版社1998年版。
1、[法]亚历山大·基斯著，张若思编译：《国际环境法》，法律出版社2000年版。
2、[美]E·博登海默著，邓正来译：《法理学—法律哲学与法律方法》1999年1月版，中国政法大学出版社
1、吴涓：《试论我国保护臭氧层法律制度体系的建立与完善》，《河北法学》2000年第3期。
1、William H. Rodgers, Jr., Environmental Law, West Publishing Co. 1977
1、UNEP, Planning, Designing and Implementing Policies to Control Ozone Depleting Substances under the Montreal Protocol 2003.
2、UNEP, SEI and Multilateral Fund, Regulations to Control ODS: A Guide Book, 2000.
3、UNEP, Global Environmental Outlook.
4、China Country Program Update, March 2000.
5、Green Trade for Protection of Ozone Layer, July 2003.
6、Phase Out of ODS in Bangladesh: A Legal Framework, February 1999.
7、Cambodia Country Program/Refrigerant Management Plan.
8、The DPRK Country Program Update, November 2003.
9、Country Handbook on National Regulations and Import/Export Licensing System for the Phasing Out of ODS, April 2001.
10、Country Handbook on National Regulations for Monitoring and Controlling Production and Use of ODS in India.
11、Country Compliance Review, June 2003
12、Indonesia Country Program, December 1994.
13、Indonesia Country Program Update, December 2000.
14、Regulations for Ozone Layer Protection and ODS Phase Out, 1999
15、Iran Country Program Update for ODS, October 2003.
16、National CFC phase out Plan of Iran.
17、Country Handbook on National Regulations and Import/Export Licensing System for the Phasing Out of ODS, Mongolia, May 2001.
18、Country Program Update For Phasing Out ODS, Mongolia, 2003
19、Country Report of Pakistan, 2000.
20、National CFC Phase-out Plan of Thailand.
2、王曦主编：《环境法教程》，法律出版社2002年版。
3、王曦主编：《国际环境法资料选编》，民主与建设出版社1999年版。
4、王曦著：《美国环境法概论》，武汉大学出版社1992年版。
5、蔡守秋主编：《环境法教程》，武汉大学出版社2000年版。
6、蔡守秋主编：《环境资源法学》，人民法院出版社、中国公安大学出版社2003年版。
7、蔡守秋等著：《可持续发展与环境资源法制建设》，中国法制出版社2003年版。
8、李浩培著：《条约法概论》，法律出版社2003年版。
9、万鄂湘等著：《国际条约法》，武汉大学出版社1998年版。
1、[法]亚历山大·基斯著，张若思编译：《国际环境法》，法律出版社2000年版。
2、[美]E·博登海默著，邓正来译：《法理学—法律哲学与法律方法》1999年1月版，中国政法大学出版社
1、吴涓：《试论我国保护臭氧层法律制度体系的建立与完善》，《河北法学》2000年第3期。
1、William H. Rodgers, Jr., Environmental Law, West Publishing Co. 1977
1、UNEP, Planning, Designing and Implementing Policies to Control Ozone Depleting Substances under the Montreal Protocol 2003.
2、UNEP, SEI and Multilateral Fund, Regulations to Control ODS: A Guide Book, 2000.
3、UNEP, Global Environmental Outlook.
4、China Country Program Update, March 2000.
5、Green Trade for Protection of Ozone Layer, July 2003.
6、Phase Out of ODS in Bangladesh: A Legal Framework, February 1999.
7、Cambodia Country Program/Refrigerant Management Plan.
8、The DPRK Country Program Update, November 2003.
9、Country Handbook on National Regulations and Import/Export Licensing System for the Phasing Out of ODS, April 2001.
10、Country Handbook on National Regulations for Monitoring and Controlling Production and Use of ODS in India.
11、Country Compliance Review, June 2003
12、Indonesia Country Program, December 1994.
13、Indonesia Country Program Update, December 2000.
14、Regulations for Ozone Layer Protection and ODS Phase Out, 1999
15、Iran Country Program Update for ODS, October 2003.
16、National CFC phase out Plan of Iran.
17、Country Handbook on National Regulations and Import/Export Licensing System for the Phasing Out of ODS, Mongolia, May 2001.
18、Country Program Update For Phasing Out ODS, Mongolia, 2003
19、Country Report of Pakistan, 2000.
20、National CFC Phase-out Plan of Thailand.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |