面向突发性环境污染事故风险的环境责任保险研究
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摘要
自工业革命,地球环境因人类经济的发展而不断恶化。突发性环境污染事故不断增加,并造成巨大经济损失。突发性环境污染事故风险来源于企业生产经营的各个环节,要想控制其中某些甚至全部风险,对于企业来说成本过大。所以,企业需要一种环境风险管理手段,以此减少环境保护投入。环境污染责任保险是管理突发性环境污染风险的有效手段。通过购买环境污染责任保险,企业可以在合理范围内节约环境保护成本。国家也可以减少对突发性环境污染事故发生后的投入。
随着我国突发性环境污染事故的增加,以及对环境保护事业的重视,利用环境污染责任保险对突发性环境污染事故进行赔偿已成为政府环境保护的重要手段。从保险业的发展看,环境污染责任保险拥有巨大的市场,它的发展有利于我国保险业的发展。
本文对在我国保险公司推出环境污染责任保险的可行性进行分析,从必要性、可能性、可保性三方面进行分析,首先,我国实行环境污染责任保险是必要的,由于突发性环境污染事故的损失企业和政府都无法完全承担赔偿责任;其次,从宏观环境、法律、保险学、环境损害评价等几个方面提出环境污染责任保险在我国实施是可能的;最后提出突发性环境污染风险是一种可保风险。并从市场角度对环境污染责任保险进行分析,从市场需求、市场供给和市场均衡三方面进行了分析。并对环境污染责任保险市场中的三方博弈行为进行了分析,提出了环境污染责任保险市场中的企业、政府、保险公司三方的三种博弈均衡,这些市场因素都影响到环境污染责任保险费的确定。
依据国内外学者对环境污染责任保险和环境风险评价的相关研究,分析了环境风险评价的内涵,把环境风险评价分为突发性环境污染事故发生的概率和事故后果两方面进行评价,以此来进一步确定环境污染责任保险的保险费和赔偿额。并提出了以环境风险评价为基础确定环境污染责任保险保险费和赔偿额的理论框架。
根据突发性环境污染事故的特点及相关研究建立突发性环境污染事故概率风险评价指标体系,分为风险源特点、环境因素、管理因素、直接经济损失、生态损失五个主题层,确定最终指标26个。并运用AHP法确定各指标的权重。依据这一评价指标体系,运用IRR模型和保险产品模糊定价方法,建立环境污染责任保险保险费确定模型。
建立突发性环境污染事故后果评价指标体系,分为经济损失评价和社会影响评价,本文主要以经济损失评价为主,从直接经济损失评价、间接经济损失评价和生态经济损失评价三方面对突发性环境污染事故后果进行损失计算,根据该计算对环境污染责任保险赔偿额进行确定。
以大连中石油国际储运有限公司“7·16”输油管道爆炸火灾事故为例,运用确定环境污染责任保险保险费和赔偿额的方法。首先对大连中石油国际储运有限公司的突发性环境污染事故概率风险进行评价,确定该企业环境污染责任保险保险费。其次对该事故的损失进行评价,确定了环境污染责任保险赔偿额。
提出环境污染责任保险构建的模式和策略,利用系统动力学的分析方法,提出了能推动保险公司发展环境污染责任保险的新模式。从现阶段我国环境污染责任保险中存在的问题入手,从技术、法律、保险方式、保险费确定、给付等几个方面提出了相应的策略,对保险公司发展该保险业务提供指导。
本文从突发性环境污染事故风险评价的角度入手,对保险公司发展环境污染责任保险提出了技术性和策略性的指导,对环境污染责任保险中的重点和难点问题,即保险费和赔偿额确定问题进行了深入论述,提出了具体的方法,为我国保险行业发展和完善环境污染责任保险奠定了理论基础和策略支持。
Since the industrial revolution, the global environment has been deteriorating due to human economic development. Sudden environmental pollution accidents have been increased and caused huge economic losses. Sudden environmental pollution incidents risk originates from each stage of enterprise production and management. The cost for enterprise is huge to control some or all of these risks. Therefore, enterprises need an environment of risk management instrument, in order to reduce the investment in environmental protection. Environmental pollution liability insurance is an effective way to manage sudden environmental pollution risk. By purchasing environmental pollution liability insurance, enterprises can save environmental protection costs within reasonable range. Countries also can reduce inputs after sudden environmental pollution incidents happen.
With the increasing of sudden environmental pollution incidents in China, and the more attention paying to environmental protection, environmental pollution liability insurance becomes an important way for government environment protection to compensating. From the view of insurance industry development, environmental pollution liability insurance has a huge market, and is benifit to the development of China insurance industry.
This dissertation analyzes the feasibility of insurance company launching environmental pollution liability insurance in China, which includes the necessity, possibility and insurability these three aspects. Firstly, China implements environmental pollution liability insurance is necessary, for the sudden environmental pollution incidents lost can not be compensated by enterprises and government; Secondly environmental liability insurance implementation is possible in China from the aspects of macro-environment and law as well as insurance and environmental damage assessment; Finally, sudden environmental pollution risk is an insurable risk and this dissertation analyzes environmental pollution liability insurance system from market view point, including market demand, market supply and market equilibrium these three aspects. Meanwhile, this dissertation analyzes three games behavior of the environmental pollution liability insurance market, and proposes the three game equilibrium of enterprises and government as well as insurance companies, and all these market factors influence the determination of environmental pollution liability insurance premiums.
The dissertation analyzes the meaning of environmental risk assessment according to the research of environmental pollution liability insurance and environmental risk assessment. Environmental risk assessment is divided into sudden environmental pollution incidents probability assessment and consequences assessment, and confirms the environmental pollution liability insurance premiums and compensation. And the dissertation puts forward the theoretical framework of confirming environmental pollution liability insurance premiums and compensation based on environmental risk assessment.
The dissertation establishes the sudden environmental pollution incidents probability risk assessment index system according to the characteristics of sudden environmental pollution incidents and other related studies, which is divided into risk source characteristics, environmental factors, management, direct economic losses and ecological damage five theme-layer and 26 final indexes. And the weight of each index is determined by using AHP method. Based on the evaluation index system this dissertation establishes determination model of environmental pollution liability insurance premiums by using IRR model and fuzzy pricing of insurance products.
The dissertation establishes sudden environmental pollution incidents effects evaluation index system, which is divided into economic loss assessment and social influence assessment. In this paper , effects are evaluated by economic losses, which includes direct economic loss assessment and indirect economic loss assessment as well as ecological economic loss assessment, and the effects of sudden environmental pollution incidents effects are computed by the three aspects, and then the dissertation determines the environmental pollution liability insurance compensation according to the calculation results.
Takes Dalian China oil pipeline explosion and fire incidents in July 16, 2010 for example, which happened in Dalian International Logistics Co Ltd. The dissertation uses the above methods to determine environmental pollution liability insurance premiums and compensation. Firstly, makes assessment on sudden environmental pollution incidents probability risk of PetroChina Dalian International Logistics Co Ltd, and then determines environmental pollution liability insurance premiums. In the following, evaluates the losses of the incidents in order to determine the environmental pollution liability insurance compensation.
The dissertation proposes the environmental pollution liability insurance constructing modes and tactics, and proposes new model for insurance company to develop environmental pollution liability insurance by using system dynamics analysis method. Based on the problems of current environmental pollution liability insurance in China, this paper puts forward the corresponding strategies from technical, legal and insurance way as well as premiums determination and benefits aspects, and so on. These strategies can provide guidance for insurance companies to develop the insurance business.
The dissertation puts forward technical and strategic guidance for insurance companies to develop environmental pollution liability insurance from sudden environmental pollution incident risk assessment, and then deeply discusses the important and difficult issues of environmental pollution liability insurance, that is the determination of premiums and compensation, and the specific methods are also offered, which establishes the theoretical foundation and strategic support for China insurance industry to develop and improve environmental pollution liability insurance.
随着我国突发性环境污染事故的增加,以及对环境保护事业的重视,利用环境污染责任保险对突发性环境污染事故进行赔偿已成为政府环境保护的重要手段。从保险业的发展看,环境污染责任保险拥有巨大的市场,它的发展有利于我国保险业的发展。
本文对在我国保险公司推出环境污染责任保险的可行性进行分析,从必要性、可能性、可保性三方面进行分析,首先,我国实行环境污染责任保险是必要的,由于突发性环境污染事故的损失企业和政府都无法完全承担赔偿责任;其次,从宏观环境、法律、保险学、环境损害评价等几个方面提出环境污染责任保险在我国实施是可能的;最后提出突发性环境污染风险是一种可保风险。并从市场角度对环境污染责任保险进行分析,从市场需求、市场供给和市场均衡三方面进行了分析。并对环境污染责任保险市场中的三方博弈行为进行了分析,提出了环境污染责任保险市场中的企业、政府、保险公司三方的三种博弈均衡,这些市场因素都影响到环境污染责任保险费的确定。
依据国内外学者对环境污染责任保险和环境风险评价的相关研究,分析了环境风险评价的内涵,把环境风险评价分为突发性环境污染事故发生的概率和事故后果两方面进行评价,以此来进一步确定环境污染责任保险的保险费和赔偿额。并提出了以环境风险评价为基础确定环境污染责任保险保险费和赔偿额的理论框架。
根据突发性环境污染事故的特点及相关研究建立突发性环境污染事故概率风险评价指标体系,分为风险源特点、环境因素、管理因素、直接经济损失、生态损失五个主题层,确定最终指标26个。并运用AHP法确定各指标的权重。依据这一评价指标体系,运用IRR模型和保险产品模糊定价方法,建立环境污染责任保险保险费确定模型。
建立突发性环境污染事故后果评价指标体系,分为经济损失评价和社会影响评价,本文主要以经济损失评价为主,从直接经济损失评价、间接经济损失评价和生态经济损失评价三方面对突发性环境污染事故后果进行损失计算,根据该计算对环境污染责任保险赔偿额进行确定。
以大连中石油国际储运有限公司“7·16”输油管道爆炸火灾事故为例,运用确定环境污染责任保险保险费和赔偿额的方法。首先对大连中石油国际储运有限公司的突发性环境污染事故概率风险进行评价,确定该企业环境污染责任保险保险费。其次对该事故的损失进行评价,确定了环境污染责任保险赔偿额。
提出环境污染责任保险构建的模式和策略,利用系统动力学的分析方法,提出了能推动保险公司发展环境污染责任保险的新模式。从现阶段我国环境污染责任保险中存在的问题入手,从技术、法律、保险方式、保险费确定、给付等几个方面提出了相应的策略,对保险公司发展该保险业务提供指导。
本文从突发性环境污染事故风险评价的角度入手,对保险公司发展环境污染责任保险提出了技术性和策略性的指导,对环境污染责任保险中的重点和难点问题,即保险费和赔偿额确定问题进行了深入论述,提出了具体的方法,为我国保险行业发展和完善环境污染责任保险奠定了理论基础和策略支持。
Since the industrial revolution, the global environment has been deteriorating due to human economic development. Sudden environmental pollution accidents have been increased and caused huge economic losses. Sudden environmental pollution incidents risk originates from each stage of enterprise production and management. The cost for enterprise is huge to control some or all of these risks. Therefore, enterprises need an environment of risk management instrument, in order to reduce the investment in environmental protection. Environmental pollution liability insurance is an effective way to manage sudden environmental pollution risk. By purchasing environmental pollution liability insurance, enterprises can save environmental protection costs within reasonable range. Countries also can reduce inputs after sudden environmental pollution incidents happen.
With the increasing of sudden environmental pollution incidents in China, and the more attention paying to environmental protection, environmental pollution liability insurance becomes an important way for government environment protection to compensating. From the view of insurance industry development, environmental pollution liability insurance has a huge market, and is benifit to the development of China insurance industry.
This dissertation analyzes the feasibility of insurance company launching environmental pollution liability insurance in China, which includes the necessity, possibility and insurability these three aspects. Firstly, China implements environmental pollution liability insurance is necessary, for the sudden environmental pollution incidents lost can not be compensated by enterprises and government; Secondly environmental liability insurance implementation is possible in China from the aspects of macro-environment and law as well as insurance and environmental damage assessment; Finally, sudden environmental pollution risk is an insurable risk and this dissertation analyzes environmental pollution liability insurance system from market view point, including market demand, market supply and market equilibrium these three aspects. Meanwhile, this dissertation analyzes three games behavior of the environmental pollution liability insurance market, and proposes the three game equilibrium of enterprises and government as well as insurance companies, and all these market factors influence the determination of environmental pollution liability insurance premiums.
The dissertation analyzes the meaning of environmental risk assessment according to the research of environmental pollution liability insurance and environmental risk assessment. Environmental risk assessment is divided into sudden environmental pollution incidents probability assessment and consequences assessment, and confirms the environmental pollution liability insurance premiums and compensation. And the dissertation puts forward the theoretical framework of confirming environmental pollution liability insurance premiums and compensation based on environmental risk assessment.
The dissertation establishes the sudden environmental pollution incidents probability risk assessment index system according to the characteristics of sudden environmental pollution incidents and other related studies, which is divided into risk source characteristics, environmental factors, management, direct economic losses and ecological damage five theme-layer and 26 final indexes. And the weight of each index is determined by using AHP method. Based on the evaluation index system this dissertation establishes determination model of environmental pollution liability insurance premiums by using IRR model and fuzzy pricing of insurance products.
The dissertation establishes sudden environmental pollution incidents effects evaluation index system, which is divided into economic loss assessment and social influence assessment. In this paper , effects are evaluated by economic losses, which includes direct economic loss assessment and indirect economic loss assessment as well as ecological economic loss assessment, and the effects of sudden environmental pollution incidents effects are computed by the three aspects, and then the dissertation determines the environmental pollution liability insurance compensation according to the calculation results.
Takes Dalian China oil pipeline explosion and fire incidents in July 16, 2010 for example, which happened in Dalian International Logistics Co Ltd. The dissertation uses the above methods to determine environmental pollution liability insurance premiums and compensation. Firstly, makes assessment on sudden environmental pollution incidents probability risk of PetroChina Dalian International Logistics Co Ltd, and then determines environmental pollution liability insurance premiums. In the following, evaluates the losses of the incidents in order to determine the environmental pollution liability insurance compensation.
The dissertation proposes the environmental pollution liability insurance constructing modes and tactics, and proposes new model for insurance company to develop environmental pollution liability insurance by using system dynamics analysis method. Based on the problems of current environmental pollution liability insurance in China, this paper puts forward the corresponding strategies from technical, legal and insurance way as well as premiums determination and benefits aspects, and so on. These strategies can provide guidance for insurance companies to develop the insurance business.
The dissertation puts forward technical and strategic guidance for insurance companies to develop environmental pollution liability insurance from sudden environmental pollution incident risk assessment, and then deeply discusses the important and difficult issues of environmental pollution liability insurance, that is the determination of premiums and compensation, and the specific methods are also offered, which establishes the theoretical foundation and strategic support for China insurance industry to develop and improve environmental pollution liability insurance.
引文
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