基于分子滤波器和Fe玻尔兹曼方法的高低空测风测温激光雷达系统
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摘要
多普勒激光雷达作为一种主动式光学遥感设备,具有实时性好、探测灵敏度高等优点,可以连续进行高时空分辨率的大气风场、温度等的垂直剖面探测,为中层、中高层大气探测提供了有效手段。本文研究内容包括基于分子滤波器的高低空多普勒测风、测温激光雷达系统软件开发和探测方法研究,以及中高层(30-115 km)Fe玻尔兹曼测温激光雷达改进系统研制。
本文从车载多普勒测风激光雷达业务化运行的需求出发,采用模块化的程序设计思想,设计并完成了界面友好、功能强大的激光雷达业务化软件----数据采集、处理及控制软件(DAAS)。结合雷达系统的具体性能参数,制定了各种数据产品的测量流程及数据存储格式等,实现了风廓线、径向风速PPI、径向风速RHI及海面风场等多种数据产品的业务化测量,为我国第一台车载测风激光雷达的研制和业务化应用作出了重要科学贡献。
为提高测风激光雷达的风场测量精度,本文对径向风速测量的三大前提假设(大气水平均匀、垂直风为零及各个方向灵敏度相同)进行了详细分析和理论计算,计算出了每个前提假设对径向风速测量精度的影响,指出了目前的径向风速反演方法的局限性和适用范围。
为了同时获取中高层大气的风场和温度,本文采用基于Na-DEMOF双边缘鉴频技术的多普勒测风、测温激光雷达,同时测量了10-50 km的大气风场和温度。本文对Na-DEMOF的测量原理及结构进行了详细的论述,并编写完成了基于LabVIEW的数据采集软件,同时反演得到了大气风场和温度。
为了研究全球热力系统、大气动力学、重力波等大气现象,Chu et al.于1999年研制完成了一台Fe玻尔兹曼测温激光雷达系统,并于1999-2001和2002-2005分别在南极洲的Amundsen-Scott(90?S)科考站和Rothera科考站(67.5?S)进行了长期观测。本文在原有系统的基础上对发射系统和接收系统进行了升级和改进,结合系统的具体光学结构和性能参数,采用更改Pinhole大小来匹配发射角和视场角,以及Fabry-Perot标准具与窄带干涉滤光片相结合的方法,有效的滤除了白天背景光,实现了白天探测。
为了提高脉冲激光器的稳定性和光束质量,更换了种子激光器,设计完成了种子注入及种子激光器稳频系统。采用高精度的波长计、PID控制方法以及Flipper Mirror相结合,实现了利用一台波长计和扫描Fabry-Perot干涉仪交替控制和监测两台种子激光器,同时编写完成了基于LabVIEW的数据采集软件。升级后的Fe玻尔兹曼测温激光雷达系统在美国Boulder进行了前期测试,实现了全天候24小时30-115 km温度和75-115 km Fe原子数密度测量。该系统已于2010年10月运往南极McMurdo科考站(78?S,167?E)进行为期3年的科学观测。
Doppler lidar, as an active optical remote sensing equipment, can continuously measure the wind and temperature from ground to 120 km with real-time, high-sensitivity, and high spatial and temporal resolution. There are two parts in this dissertation: Mobile lower altitude Doppler wind and temperature lidar based on molecular filter and upper altitude Fe Boltzmann temperature lidar.
According to the requirements of the mobile Doppler wind lidar, this dissertation adopts the modularization programming method to develop a user-friendly data acquisition and analysis software (DAAS). With its sophisticated and user-friendly DAAS this lidar has made a variety of line-of-sight (LOS) wind measurements in different operation modes. Through carefully developed data retrieval procedures, various wind products are provided by the lidar including wind profile, LOS wind velocities in Plan Position Indicator (PPI) and Range Height Indicator (RHI) modes, and sea surface wind.
The precision and accuracy of wind measurements are estimated through analyzing the random errors associated with photon noise and the systematic errors introduced by the assumptions made in the data retrieval. The three assumptions of horizontal homogeneity of atmosphere, close-to-zero vertical wind, and uniform sensitivity are approximation of actual atmosphere in order to experimentally determine the zero wind ratio and the measurement sensitivity that are important factors in the LOS wind retrieval. Deviations may occur under certain meteorological conditions, leading to bias in these situations. Based on the error analyses and measurement results, we point out the application ranges of this Doppler lidar.
Simultaneous measurement of wind and temperature from the lower to the upper atmosphere is very important for whole-atmosphere research. We proposed to incorporate a Na-DEMOF into the receiver of a three-frequency Na Doppler lidar to measure the wind and temperature from the troposphere to the stratosphere. In this dissertation we introduce the principal of Na-DEMOF, the architecture of the lidar and the data retrieval methods for wind and temperature measurement in aerosol free region. A user-friendly data acquisition program was developed.
Aiming to study atmospheric gravity waves, thermal structure, chemistry and composition, Fe Boltzmann temperature lidar developed by Chu et al. at the University of Illinois was deployed to the Amundsen-Scott South Pole (90?S) in 1999-2001, and to Rothera Station, Antarctica in 2002-2005. Now it is being refurbished and upgraded to restore and enhance its specifications and we plan to deploy an Fe Boltzmann temperature lidar to McMurdo (78?S, 167?E), Antarctica to make year-round measurements of atmospheric temperature and mesospheric Fe density with full-diurnal coverage for 3 years starting from Nov. 2010. These include the refurbishment of two linear pulsed alexandrite lasers and two receiver channels. The original seed lasers were replaced with two new External Cavity Diode Lasers (ECDLs) from Toptica to improve the stability and spectral purity of the alexandrite lasers. The wavelength control of the seeder lasers are accomplished by a Bristol wavelength meter. Each seeder laser wavelength is sequentially monitored with a computer-controlled flip mirror and adjusted via a wavelength control program. Newly developed DAQ and seed laser locking program based on LabVIEW makes the temperature lidar much user friendly. This lidar can measure atmospheric temperature profiles (30-110 km) and mesospheric Fe layers (75-115 km) coverage for both day and night. Initial results from the Table Mountain Lidar Observatory in Boulder will be presented.
本文从车载多普勒测风激光雷达业务化运行的需求出发,采用模块化的程序设计思想,设计并完成了界面友好、功能强大的激光雷达业务化软件----数据采集、处理及控制软件(DAAS)。结合雷达系统的具体性能参数,制定了各种数据产品的测量流程及数据存储格式等,实现了风廓线、径向风速PPI、径向风速RHI及海面风场等多种数据产品的业务化测量,为我国第一台车载测风激光雷达的研制和业务化应用作出了重要科学贡献。
为提高测风激光雷达的风场测量精度,本文对径向风速测量的三大前提假设(大气水平均匀、垂直风为零及各个方向灵敏度相同)进行了详细分析和理论计算,计算出了每个前提假设对径向风速测量精度的影响,指出了目前的径向风速反演方法的局限性和适用范围。
为了同时获取中高层大气的风场和温度,本文采用基于Na-DEMOF双边缘鉴频技术的多普勒测风、测温激光雷达,同时测量了10-50 km的大气风场和温度。本文对Na-DEMOF的测量原理及结构进行了详细的论述,并编写完成了基于LabVIEW的数据采集软件,同时反演得到了大气风场和温度。
为了研究全球热力系统、大气动力学、重力波等大气现象,Chu et al.于1999年研制完成了一台Fe玻尔兹曼测温激光雷达系统,并于1999-2001和2002-2005分别在南极洲的Amundsen-Scott(90?S)科考站和Rothera科考站(67.5?S)进行了长期观测。本文在原有系统的基础上对发射系统和接收系统进行了升级和改进,结合系统的具体光学结构和性能参数,采用更改Pinhole大小来匹配发射角和视场角,以及Fabry-Perot标准具与窄带干涉滤光片相结合的方法,有效的滤除了白天背景光,实现了白天探测。
为了提高脉冲激光器的稳定性和光束质量,更换了种子激光器,设计完成了种子注入及种子激光器稳频系统。采用高精度的波长计、PID控制方法以及Flipper Mirror相结合,实现了利用一台波长计和扫描Fabry-Perot干涉仪交替控制和监测两台种子激光器,同时编写完成了基于LabVIEW的数据采集软件。升级后的Fe玻尔兹曼测温激光雷达系统在美国Boulder进行了前期测试,实现了全天候24小时30-115 km温度和75-115 km Fe原子数密度测量。该系统已于2010年10月运往南极McMurdo科考站(78?S,167?E)进行为期3年的科学观测。
Doppler lidar, as an active optical remote sensing equipment, can continuously measure the wind and temperature from ground to 120 km with real-time, high-sensitivity, and high spatial and temporal resolution. There are two parts in this dissertation: Mobile lower altitude Doppler wind and temperature lidar based on molecular filter and upper altitude Fe Boltzmann temperature lidar.
According to the requirements of the mobile Doppler wind lidar, this dissertation adopts the modularization programming method to develop a user-friendly data acquisition and analysis software (DAAS). With its sophisticated and user-friendly DAAS this lidar has made a variety of line-of-sight (LOS) wind measurements in different operation modes. Through carefully developed data retrieval procedures, various wind products are provided by the lidar including wind profile, LOS wind velocities in Plan Position Indicator (PPI) and Range Height Indicator (RHI) modes, and sea surface wind.
The precision and accuracy of wind measurements are estimated through analyzing the random errors associated with photon noise and the systematic errors introduced by the assumptions made in the data retrieval. The three assumptions of horizontal homogeneity of atmosphere, close-to-zero vertical wind, and uniform sensitivity are approximation of actual atmosphere in order to experimentally determine the zero wind ratio and the measurement sensitivity that are important factors in the LOS wind retrieval. Deviations may occur under certain meteorological conditions, leading to bias in these situations. Based on the error analyses and measurement results, we point out the application ranges of this Doppler lidar.
Simultaneous measurement of wind and temperature from the lower to the upper atmosphere is very important for whole-atmosphere research. We proposed to incorporate a Na-DEMOF into the receiver of a three-frequency Na Doppler lidar to measure the wind and temperature from the troposphere to the stratosphere. In this dissertation we introduce the principal of Na-DEMOF, the architecture of the lidar and the data retrieval methods for wind and temperature measurement in aerosol free region. A user-friendly data acquisition program was developed.
Aiming to study atmospheric gravity waves, thermal structure, chemistry and composition, Fe Boltzmann temperature lidar developed by Chu et al. at the University of Illinois was deployed to the Amundsen-Scott South Pole (90?S) in 1999-2001, and to Rothera Station, Antarctica in 2002-2005. Now it is being refurbished and upgraded to restore and enhance its specifications and we plan to deploy an Fe Boltzmann temperature lidar to McMurdo (78?S, 167?E), Antarctica to make year-round measurements of atmospheric temperature and mesospheric Fe density with full-diurnal coverage for 3 years starting from Nov. 2010. These include the refurbishment of two linear pulsed alexandrite lasers and two receiver channels. The original seed lasers were replaced with two new External Cavity Diode Lasers (ECDLs) from Toptica to improve the stability and spectral purity of the alexandrite lasers. The wavelength control of the seeder lasers are accomplished by a Bristol wavelength meter. Each seeder laser wavelength is sequentially monitored with a computer-controlled flip mirror and adjusted via a wavelength control program. Newly developed DAQ and seed laser locking program based on LabVIEW makes the temperature lidar much user friendly. This lidar can measure atmospheric temperature profiles (30-110 km) and mesospheric Fe layers (75-115 km) coverage for both day and night. Initial results from the Table Mountain Lidar Observatory in Boulder will be presented.
引文
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