计及风电场容量可信度的电力系统可靠性研究
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摘要
风力发电具有随机性和波动性等特点,当风电穿透功率超过一定值之后,会严重影响电能质量和电网稳定性、可靠性,甚至引起大面积停电事故,这迫切需要对风电场接入电力系统的可靠性进行正确评估。本文应用两参数威布尔分布(Two-Parameter Weibull Distribution)模拟风速,首先建立了风电场可靠性模型,其中应用Jensen模型和Lissaman模型模拟风电场内不同地形的尾流效应,并结合风电机组停运模型给出风电场每小时输出有功功率的计算方法。该模型还考虑了风向、气温的影响。其次,建立了基于序贯蒙特卡罗仿真的含大规模风电场的发输电系统充裕度评估模型。通过对充裕度算法的研究,建立了主要元件基于两状态Markov过程的故障模型,并且应用深度优先算法进行系统网络拓扑结构分析,寻找因输电线路故障引起电网解列而产生的子系统。应用直流潮流算法计算潮流分布,判断输电线路传输容量是否越限并进行相应处理。采用Matlab 7编制相应程序,以IEEE-RBTS和IEEE-RTS 79测试系统为例计算可靠性指标,并设计不同的并网方案,充分评估大规模风电场接入对发输电系统可靠性的影响。
在含大规模风电场的发输电系统充裕度评估模型的基础上,进行了风电场容量价值计算,从容量角度评估风电场价值。应用有效负荷承载能力(Effective Load Carrying Capability)作为本文评估电力系统新增电源容量价值的标准。介绍了电源有效负荷承载能力的概念,提出一种基于非序贯蒙特卡罗仿真法的新增风电场有效负荷承载能力的算法。以IEEE-IBTS测试系统为例进行了风电场有效负荷承载能力计算,并分析了有效负荷承载能力的影响因素。
风电场容量可信度的计算是确定风电场替代火电厂后可节约的成本以及确定风电上网电价,进而提高风电场经济价值的重要基础。在有效负荷承载能力概念的基础上提出了风电场容量可信度定义,并提出了一种基于非序贯蒙特卡罗仿真,采用弦截法计算风电场容量可信度的算法。该方法不但考虑了输电线路故障,同时考虑了采用理想常规发电机组和采用多状态发电机组衡量容量可信度的方法。详细分析了传统潮流算法下输电线路故障对线路传输容量越限以及风电场容量可信度的影响。编写了相应程序,应用改进的潮流算法,结合算例详细分析了风电机组参数、不同并网方案对风电场容量可信度的影响。
Wind power generation has some characteristics such as randomicity and volatility, if the penetration level of wind power exceeds certain value, the electric energy quality as well as stability and reliability of power systems will be seriously influenced, even large area is caused blackout. In this paper, first two-parameter Weibull distribution is used to simulate wind speed, then the reliability model of wind farms is established, which includs the wake effects of different terrain modeling by Jensen model and Lissaman model, and combining with outage model of wind turbine generator, active power generation of wind farms is calculated. Random variation of wind direction and wind speed influence is also included. Second, an adequacy assessment model of generation and transmission systems integrated with wind farms based on the sequential Monte-Carlo simulation approach is presented. In this model, the failure model based on two-states Markov process of main system units is discussed according to the research of adequacy evaluation algorithm. Depth priority algorithm is used to analyze the topology of network and search the subsystems after power system islanding caused by fault of transmission lines. Power flow distribution is calculated by DC power flow method, and then whether the transmission capacity is overload is judged and treated. The reliability indices of IEEE-RBTS and IEEE-RTS 79 are calculated by corresponding software, and the reliability of generation and transmission systems integrated with large scale wind farms is evaluated by comparison of different integration solutions.
The wind farms capacity value is calculated based on the adequacy assessment model of generation and transmission systems integrated with wind farms, and the value of wind farms is evaluated in the view of capacity. Effective load carrying capability (ELCC) is considered to be the most appropriate standard to evaluate new added power unit capacity value of power system. The concept of ELCC is introduced; an algorithm about ELCC of new added power unit based on non-sequential Monte-Carlo simulation is presented. The calculations on the IEEE-IBTS test system added wind farm model is carried out, and the influencing factors of ELCC are analyzed.
The calculation of capacity credit of wind farms is an important basis which decides the saving cost after wind farms replaced by traditional generators and the pool purchase price of wind power generation, and also improves economic value of wind farms. This paper presents a detailed definition of wind farms capacity credit, and a calculation method of capacity credit of wind farms based on non-sequential Monte-Carlo simulation is proposed, in which secant method will be used at calculation process. This method does not only consider the fault of transmission line, but also two different measures of capacity credit which have ideal reliable traditional generator and multi-states generator. The transmission line fault has effect on transmission capacity limitation and capacity credit of wind farms under conditions of the usage of traditional power flow calculation method. Corresponding software is programmed, and detailed analysis of the influence by wind turbine generator parameters and different integration solutions to capacity credit of wind farms is carried out based on case studies.
在含大规模风电场的发输电系统充裕度评估模型的基础上,进行了风电场容量价值计算,从容量角度评估风电场价值。应用有效负荷承载能力(Effective Load Carrying Capability)作为本文评估电力系统新增电源容量价值的标准。介绍了电源有效负荷承载能力的概念,提出一种基于非序贯蒙特卡罗仿真法的新增风电场有效负荷承载能力的算法。以IEEE-IBTS测试系统为例进行了风电场有效负荷承载能力计算,并分析了有效负荷承载能力的影响因素。
风电场容量可信度的计算是确定风电场替代火电厂后可节约的成本以及确定风电上网电价,进而提高风电场经济价值的重要基础。在有效负荷承载能力概念的基础上提出了风电场容量可信度定义,并提出了一种基于非序贯蒙特卡罗仿真,采用弦截法计算风电场容量可信度的算法。该方法不但考虑了输电线路故障,同时考虑了采用理想常规发电机组和采用多状态发电机组衡量容量可信度的方法。详细分析了传统潮流算法下输电线路故障对线路传输容量越限以及风电场容量可信度的影响。编写了相应程序,应用改进的潮流算法,结合算例详细分析了风电机组参数、不同并网方案对风电场容量可信度的影响。
Wind power generation has some characteristics such as randomicity and volatility, if the penetration level of wind power exceeds certain value, the electric energy quality as well as stability and reliability of power systems will be seriously influenced, even large area is caused blackout. In this paper, first two-parameter Weibull distribution is used to simulate wind speed, then the reliability model of wind farms is established, which includs the wake effects of different terrain modeling by Jensen model and Lissaman model, and combining with outage model of wind turbine generator, active power generation of wind farms is calculated. Random variation of wind direction and wind speed influence is also included. Second, an adequacy assessment model of generation and transmission systems integrated with wind farms based on the sequential Monte-Carlo simulation approach is presented. In this model, the failure model based on two-states Markov process of main system units is discussed according to the research of adequacy evaluation algorithm. Depth priority algorithm is used to analyze the topology of network and search the subsystems after power system islanding caused by fault of transmission lines. Power flow distribution is calculated by DC power flow method, and then whether the transmission capacity is overload is judged and treated. The reliability indices of IEEE-RBTS and IEEE-RTS 79 are calculated by corresponding software, and the reliability of generation and transmission systems integrated with large scale wind farms is evaluated by comparison of different integration solutions.
The wind farms capacity value is calculated based on the adequacy assessment model of generation and transmission systems integrated with wind farms, and the value of wind farms is evaluated in the view of capacity. Effective load carrying capability (ELCC) is considered to be the most appropriate standard to evaluate new added power unit capacity value of power system. The concept of ELCC is introduced; an algorithm about ELCC of new added power unit based on non-sequential Monte-Carlo simulation is presented. The calculations on the IEEE-IBTS test system added wind farm model is carried out, and the influencing factors of ELCC are analyzed.
The calculation of capacity credit of wind farms is an important basis which decides the saving cost after wind farms replaced by traditional generators and the pool purchase price of wind power generation, and also improves economic value of wind farms. This paper presents a detailed definition of wind farms capacity credit, and a calculation method of capacity credit of wind farms based on non-sequential Monte-Carlo simulation is proposed, in which secant method will be used at calculation process. This method does not only consider the fault of transmission line, but also two different measures of capacity credit which have ideal reliable traditional generator and multi-states generator. The transmission line fault has effect on transmission capacity limitation and capacity credit of wind farms under conditions of the usage of traditional power flow calculation method. Corresponding software is programmed, and detailed analysis of the influence by wind turbine generator parameters and different integration solutions to capacity credit of wind farms is carried out based on case studies.
引文
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