吐哈油田巴喀地区八道湾组储层沉积特征及致密砂岩气藏成藏规律研究
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摘要
论文以巴喀地区八道湾组气藏为研究对象，运用油气沉积学、储层地质学、矿物岩石学等理论和方法技术，对巴喀地区八道湾组碎屑岩储层的沉积体系、岩石学特征、成岩作用类型、储层物性特征等方面进行研究，指出了沉积环境、成岩作用及储层物性对致密砂岩气藏的影响因素；分析该区烃源岩、输导体系、圈闭特征及其时空配置关系，油气分布规律及成藏模式，进而总结该区致密砂岩气藏成藏特征和勘探潜力。
根据岩心、电测曲线、录井以及地震资料，对巴喀地区八道湾组的沉积相类型、展布特征及其演化规律进行了系统的研究。确定了研究区八道湾组主要发育辫状河三角洲平原亚相沉积体系类型，可进一步划分为辫状河道、废弃河道，泛滥平原和河漫沼泽4个微相，并在此研究基础上建立了与之对应的沉积相模式。
采用岩石薄片、铸体薄片、扫描电镜及X射线衍射等方法，并结合压汞数据等资料，对该气藏储层的岩石学特征、成岩作用及孔隙结构特征进行研究。研究区岩石的结构成熟度和成份成熟度都较低，以长石岩屑砂岩和岩屑砂岩为主。成岩阶段主要分为中成岩A2亚期和中成岩B期，识别出压实作用、胶结作用、交代作用和溶解作用等4种成岩作用。储集空间发育多种孔隙类型，但以次生溶蚀粒间孔、溶蚀粒内孔为主；而孔喉组合则以小孔微喉型为主；孔隙结构参数与储层物性相关性均较差，但均表现出一定的规律性。
采用核磁共振技术结合储层物性资料分析表明，储层T2谱呈连续的双峰结构且靠近低T2区，可动流体饱和度、可动流体孔隙度与储层物性均呈较好的正向相关性；储层总体表现出超低孔、超低渗或非渗特征，但孔渗呈较好的正相关；工区储层物性在平面、垂向及层内均表现出很强的非均质性。
根据沉积体系展布规律及其物性特征，综合研究区内构造样式、储层生储盖组合特征以及油气运移特点，总结了工区致密砂岩地层油气藏分布规律及成藏模式，提出了不同类型油藏分布的有利区，为勘探提供了依据。
The study object of this article is the gas pool in Ba-DaoWan formation,Bakablock,we use ways of sedimentology，reservoir geology and mineral petrology toanalyse the depositional system,petrology characteristics,diagenesis type,reservoirphysical property and so on.So that we can understand that how the factors ofsedimentary environment, diagenesis and reservoir physical property affect the gaspool in the tight sand; we analyse the source rock, transforming system, trapcharacteristics, time-space relationship,gas and oil distribution method and gas and oilformation mode, so that we can sum up formation characteristic and explorationpotentiality of gas pool in tight sand in this block.
According to core, logs, well logging and seismic data, we systematically studiedthe sedimentary facies type, distribution characteristic and evolutionary process inBaka, Badaowan formation. Conformed that Badaowan formation, in study area, mainfacies is braid river delta plain, it can subdivide to braided channel, abandonedchannel, flood plain and flood plain swamp,4microfacies. Base on the conclusion,we established sedimentary facies mood of this area.
We use ways of rock slice, cast slice,SEM and infrared ray diffraction, combinewith mercury penetration data to study petrology characteristic of gas pool, diagenesisand pore structure characteristic.Both textural maturity and composition maturity ofrocks in study area are low.The rocks are mainly composed of lithic sandstone andfeldspathic lithic sands.Diagenetic phase can be divided into A2subperiod and Bphase of the middle catagenesis.We identified compaction，cementation，metasomasisand dissolution,4types of diagenesis.There are several kinds of porosity types in thereservoir,the main types are secondary corrosion intergranular pore and corrosionintraparticle pore;pore throat composition is mainly micro pore-throat;pore structureparameters and reservoir physical property correlation is not good, but both presentregularity.
According to nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology and reservoirphysical properties analysis, reservoir’s T2spectrum is continuous bimodal structureand near low T2area. Movable fluid saturation and movable fluid porosity have goodpositive correlations with reservoir physical properties; Reservoir overall showultra-low porosity, super permeability or no permeability, but porosity andpermeability have good correlation, reservoir physical properties are stronglyanisotropic in in plane, vertical and inner layers.
According to sedimentary system distribution pattern and reservoir physicalproperties, we make comprehensive research of area tectonic style,source-reservoir-seal assemblages and oil-gas migration characteristics, thensummarize the accumulation and distribution rules of oil and gas reservoir incompacted sandstone formation, predict advantaged districts of different reservoirs,provide basis for exploration.
根据岩心、电测曲线、录井以及地震资料，对巴喀地区八道湾组的沉积相类型、展布特征及其演化规律进行了系统的研究。确定了研究区八道湾组主要发育辫状河三角洲平原亚相沉积体系类型，可进一步划分为辫状河道、废弃河道，泛滥平原和河漫沼泽4个微相，并在此研究基础上建立了与之对应的沉积相模式。
采用岩石薄片、铸体薄片、扫描电镜及X射线衍射等方法，并结合压汞数据等资料，对该气藏储层的岩石学特征、成岩作用及孔隙结构特征进行研究。研究区岩石的结构成熟度和成份成熟度都较低，以长石岩屑砂岩和岩屑砂岩为主。成岩阶段主要分为中成岩A2亚期和中成岩B期，识别出压实作用、胶结作用、交代作用和溶解作用等4种成岩作用。储集空间发育多种孔隙类型，但以次生溶蚀粒间孔、溶蚀粒内孔为主；而孔喉组合则以小孔微喉型为主；孔隙结构参数与储层物性相关性均较差，但均表现出一定的规律性。
采用核磁共振技术结合储层物性资料分析表明，储层T2谱呈连续的双峰结构且靠近低T2区，可动流体饱和度、可动流体孔隙度与储层物性均呈较好的正向相关性；储层总体表现出超低孔、超低渗或非渗特征，但孔渗呈较好的正相关；工区储层物性在平面、垂向及层内均表现出很强的非均质性。
根据沉积体系展布规律及其物性特征，综合研究区内构造样式、储层生储盖组合特征以及油气运移特点，总结了工区致密砂岩地层油气藏分布规律及成藏模式，提出了不同类型油藏分布的有利区，为勘探提供了依据。
The study object of this article is the gas pool in Ba-DaoWan formation,Bakablock,we use ways of sedimentology，reservoir geology and mineral petrology toanalyse the depositional system,petrology characteristics,diagenesis type,reservoirphysical property and so on.So that we can understand that how the factors ofsedimentary environment, diagenesis and reservoir physical property affect the gaspool in the tight sand; we analyse the source rock, transforming system, trapcharacteristics, time-space relationship,gas and oil distribution method and gas and oilformation mode, so that we can sum up formation characteristic and explorationpotentiality of gas pool in tight sand in this block.
According to core, logs, well logging and seismic data, we systematically studiedthe sedimentary facies type, distribution characteristic and evolutionary process inBaka, Badaowan formation. Conformed that Badaowan formation, in study area, mainfacies is braid river delta plain, it can subdivide to braided channel, abandonedchannel, flood plain and flood plain swamp,4microfacies. Base on the conclusion,we established sedimentary facies mood of this area.
We use ways of rock slice, cast slice,SEM and infrared ray diffraction, combinewith mercury penetration data to study petrology characteristic of gas pool, diagenesisand pore structure characteristic.Both textural maturity and composition maturity ofrocks in study area are low.The rocks are mainly composed of lithic sandstone andfeldspathic lithic sands.Diagenetic phase can be divided into A2subperiod and Bphase of the middle catagenesis.We identified compaction，cementation，metasomasisand dissolution,4types of diagenesis.There are several kinds of porosity types in thereservoir,the main types are secondary corrosion intergranular pore and corrosionintraparticle pore;pore throat composition is mainly micro pore-throat;pore structureparameters and reservoir physical property correlation is not good, but both presentregularity.
According to nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology and reservoirphysical properties analysis, reservoir’s T2spectrum is continuous bimodal structureand near low T2area. Movable fluid saturation and movable fluid porosity have goodpositive correlations with reservoir physical properties; Reservoir overall showultra-low porosity, super permeability or no permeability, but porosity andpermeability have good correlation, reservoir physical properties are stronglyanisotropic in in plane, vertical and inner layers.
According to sedimentary system distribution pattern and reservoir physicalproperties, we make comprehensive research of area tectonic style,source-reservoir-seal assemblages and oil-gas migration characteristics, thensummarize the accumulation and distribution rules of oil and gas reservoir incompacted sandstone formation, predict advantaged districts of different reservoirs,provide basis for exploration.
引文
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