用户名: 密码: 验证码:
水中偶氮染料刚果红的光催化降解研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
印染工业废水是公认的难处理的工业废水之一。传统的水处理技术,如活性污泥法等,效果不很理想,在厌氧条件下甚至会生成毒性更大的芳香胺类物质。多相光催化技术用于处理染料废水从能耗和效果上均被认为是一种较理想的方法,近年来受到普遍关注。但由于染料分子的复杂性,目前人们对其光催化降解过程还缺乏详细的了解,其中一个主要问题是难于清楚地检测中间过程。本文选择有代表性的常见偶氮染料—刚果红作为研究对象,以自制TiO2为催化剂和小功率紫外灯为光源,在自制光反应器上确定了光催化降解的优化条件,并在这个优化条件下测定了降解过程中的脱色率、COD去除率和CO2生成量;利用数显酸度计、紫外可见分光光度计和高效液相色谱仪跟踪测定了降解过程中的可能产物,并结合质谱的数据初步探讨了刚果红的可能降解机制。
    通过研究得到以下主要结果和结论:(1)染料刚果红能在TiO2光催化剂上并有效地降解和矿化,反应条件对刚果红的光催化降解效果有较大影响。确定在曝气量80 ml/min、催化剂用量1.5 g/l、光强16 W 以及初始pH值接近中性的溶液中具有最佳降解效果。 (2)不同浓度下,刚果红的光催化降解达到完全脱色有快慢,但其共同特点是COD迅速去除均发生在基本完全脱色之后,说明降解过程分为两个阶段进行。开始时溶液色度较大主要发生染料分子的脱色反应,当脱色基本完全后矿化反应才占主导地位。降解过程的CO2生成情况和溶液的pH值变化情况也证实了这个结论。而且降解溶液pH值先降后升的变化趋势还说明了脱色伴随着酸化,形成的酸性物质在脱色阶段有所积累,在脱色之后才被进一步降解矿化。 (3)通过对降解溶液的紫外可见吸收光谱和高效液相色谱分析发现,降解过程中可能中间产物的变化也是先增加后减少,与上述降解过程相吻合;结合质谱分析,提出了染料刚果红的光催化降解的可能途径。
    论文的主要创新点:建立了有效的降解中间产物的高效液相色谱分离分析方法;克服了以往染料光催化降解研究中常用的单一脱色率分析手段的缺点,综合运用多种分析手段比较系统地研究了偶氮染料的光催化降解过程;发现染料的光催化降解是先脱色后矿化,提出了一般降解机理。这一研究深化了对染料光催化降解过程的认识, 对光催化技术在染料废水处理中的实际应用有一定参考价值。
The wastewater from printing and dyeing plant is one of the well known problem to deal with in the world. The traditional process for treatment of these effluents (such as active sludge biochemical process) has proved to be insufficient and even to be possible of producing potentially more hazardous aromatic amines under anaerobic conditions. The photocatalytic degradation of dyeing wastewaters is regarded as an ideal method with high efficiency and low cost. The use of heterogeneous photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) for wastewater treatment has been subject to a wide range of investigations during the past decade. But, because of the complexity of the dye molecule, there has been short of detailed comprehension in its photocatalytic degradation process. The key problem is difficult to detect the intermediates clearly. In this paper, the photocatalytic degradation of azo dye Congo red in water solution was investigated on UV irradiating TiO2 in the homemade reactor. The optimization conditions were determined and then the rate of decolorization, COD decrease, yield of CO2 and varies pH of aqueous solution during illumination were detected; The varies of the possible intermediates during degradation process were monitored with UV-VIS spectrum and HPLC. The possible mechanism of Congo red photocatalytic degradation is discussed combined with the data of MS.
     The results of experiences indicated that, (1) In addition to a prompt removal of the colors, TiO2/UV-based photocatalysis was able to deepen oxidize the dyes, with a complete mineralization of carbon into CO2. The reaction conditions have obvious effects on the rate of Congo red photocatalytic degradation. The high efficiency is achieved under the reaction conditions with 80 ml/min of O2、1.5 g/l of TiO2、16 W of light intensity and normal pH in solution. (2) The rate of decolorization in different concentration is different, but the fast decrease of COD is occurred after decolorization in common. Congo red was photocatalytically degradated by the two steps as follow: decolorization and mineralization, and mineralization occurred after decolorization. The yield of CO2 and varies pH of aqueous solution during degradation are also confirmed this conclusion. The solution was acidified along with the decolorization, some acid substances were accumulated during decolorization and then destructed during mineralization. (3) Through the study on the variation of UV-VIS spectrum and HPLC spectrometer, we find some intermediate products, and following the progress of the photodegradation, the intermediates are increasing firstly and then disappear gradually at last. It attests to the conclusion too. The possible
    
    
    photodegradation pathway of Congo red is described through the detection of intermediate with HPLC and MS.
    The innovation of this paper is as follow: The establishment of HPLC analytic method is a breakthrough in the study of photodegradation process; Overcoming the disadvantage of single analytic method—decolorization analysis in the study of photodegradation of dyes, The photodegradation process of azo dye is systematic research by multi-analytic method, and the general degradation process which is decolorization firstly and then mineralization is bring forward. This study deepen understand of the degradation mechanism, and has a well deserved its practical applications.
引文
[1] H. Zollinger (Ed.), Color Chemistry. Synthesis, Propertiesand Applications of Organic Dyes and Pigments, 2ndRevisedEdition,1991.
    [2] 丁忠浩编 有机废水处理技术及应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2002,317
    [3] 陈英旭编 环境学[M] 北京: 中国环境科学出版社,2001,218
    [4] 李家珍 染料、染色工业废水处理[M] 北京:化学工业出版社,1997,75
    [5] 王燕飞 水污染控制技术 化学工业出版社,2001,63
    [6] 陈立丰 混凝法处理高浊度水. 水处理技术 1995, 21(1) 46~51
    [7] 墙方娅,卞华松,许凌. 絮凝剂ST-AM的研制及其与硫酸亚铁的复配应用.化学世界 增刊, 95 
    [8] 张景成, 沈志恒,李圭白.混凝法处理水中重金属的机理探讨. 哈尔滨建筑大学学报1996,29(5):54~58
    [9] 许正, 毛本将. 赵君科. 臭氧氧化法处理印染废水.四川环境1999 18 (1):13~15
    [10] 庞会从,王振川,邓晓丽,等. 臭氧在水处理中的应用. 河北科技大学学报2003,24(2):81~85
    [11] 薛向东, 金奇庭, 黄永勤. 紫外光助氧化法处理TNT废水研究. 给水排水2001, 27(10): 53~55   
    [12] 周永林. 军队医院污水消毒处理对策的探讨. 中国公共卫生 1995,11(9):414~415
    [13] 周莉萍,鞠晖,邓铮亮,等. 印染废水的液氯脱色.华南建设学院西院学报1998,6(2):36~39
    [14] 于德爽,彭永臻,李梅. 二氧化氯氧化法去除染料废水中苯胺类物质的生产性实验研究. 哈尔滨商业大学学报2001,17(3):19~21
    [15] 陈传好,谢波,任源,等. Fenton试剂处理废水中各影响因子的作用机制. 环境科学2000,5:93~96
    [16] 田依林,李明玉,马同森,等. Fenton试剂氧化水中芳香族化合物的机理. 污染防治技术2003,16(1):12~15
    [17] 周书天,杨润昌,黄明,等. 湿式过氧化氢氧化处理高浓度染料废水的工艺研究. 重庆环境科学,23(2):62~70
    [18] 沈珍辉,汤黎明. 乡镇电镀厂含铬废水治理. 环境污染与防治. 1995,17(1):22~23
    [19] 李冬梅,樊世峰. 硫化钠法除汞工艺技术开发.辽宁工学院学报2001,21(1):45~47
    [20] 刘振华, 李顺成, 安鼎年,等. 染料废水的物化处理.中国给水排水1999,15(11):50~53
    [21] 张守健, 聂文超, 王少慧. 铁床—气浮—活性炭吸附法处理染料废水. 中国给水排水2001,17(11):43~45
    
    [22] 张林生, 蒋岚岚, 肖璐宁. 活性炭纤维处理染料废水脱色性能的研究.东南大学学报(自然科学版) 2001,31(1):100~103
    [23] 肖羽堂, 许建华. 利用电厂粉煤灰处理染料中间体废水. 环境工程1998,16(2):30~32
    [24] 杨国栋,樊燕平,张淑荣. 染料废水的电解脱色和处理研究. 山西大学学报(自然科学版) 2001, 24(3):268~270
    [25] 王连军, 黄中华, 刘晓东,等. 染料废水的内电解脱色处理研究. 重庆环境科学,1999,21(5):27~30
    [26] 王振余, 郭树才. 炭膜处理染料水溶液的研究. 膜科学与技术, 1997, 17(5):7~10
    [27] 程莉萍,彭维健. 中空纤维分离膜处理染料废液的探索. 印染 1998,24(2):14~17
    [28] 刘梅红, 姜坪. 膜法染料废水处理工艺研究. 膜科学与技术, 2002, 22(4):43~45
    [29] 孙华,洪英,高廷耀,等. 染料生产废水处理工艺探讨. 同济大学学报, 2001,29(10):1246~1250
    [30] I.M.C.Goncalves等著,刘丽雅译.含有纺织染料废水的生物处理.国外纺织技术,2001.1:38~42
    [31] 徐向阳,俞秀娥,郑平,等.阳离子染料生产废水厌氧—好氧生物处理的试验研究.中国沼气,1998,16(4):7~11
    [32] 韩小清,刘强,杨晓. 厌氧-好氧-生物活性炭-纤维球过滤处理即染废水试验研究. 中国给水排水,1994,10(4):29~31
    [33] 李茵, 奚旦立. 兼氧-好氧工艺处理染料废水的研究.环境科学研究,2003,16(2):39~42
    [34] 孙英杰, 徐迪民,刘辉. 超临界水氧化技术研究与应用进展. 中国给水排水2002 (18)2:35~37
    [35] 王碧, 舒子斌, 贾冬英,等. 超临界水处理有机废物研究新进展,重庆环境科学,2002,24(4):76~79
    [36] 杨少霞,冯玉杰,万家峰,等. 湿式催化氧化技术的研究与发展概况,哈尔滨工业大学学报2002.(34)4:541~544
    [37] 杨琦,单立志,钱易. 国外对污水湿式催化氧化处理的研究进展. 环境科学研究.1998,11(4):62~64
    [38] J. Dhalead,R. Mahajanivv. Studies intreatment of dispersed dying waste:membrane-wetoxidation process [J].Wat. Manag. 2000,20:85~92.
    [39] 张仲燕, 施利毅, 杨晶,等.利用超细γ-Al2O3 /CuO催化剂降解染料废水的研究[J].重庆环境科学,2000,20(3):43~45.
    [40] Q. Zhang,K. Karlt. Kinetic of wet-oxidation of black-liquor overaPt-Pd-Ce Al2O3 catalyst [J].Appl.Cata.B,Environ,1998,17:321~332.
    [41] 沈伟韧,赵文宽,贺飞,等.TiO2光催化反应在废水处理中的应用[J].化学进展,1998,10(4):350~361.
    
    [42] 余锡宾, 王桂华, 罗衍庆,等.二氧化钛纳米微粒的制备与光催化活性[J].化学研究与应用,2000,12(1):14~19.
    [43] 霍爱群, 谭欣, 丛培君. 纳米TiO2膜光催化降解水中阿特拉津的研究[J].工业水处理,1998,18(3):25~29.
    [44] 付贤智,李旦振. 提高多相光催化氧化过程效率的新途径. 福州大学学报(自然科学版),29(6):104~114
    [45] X. Fu,W. A. Zeltner, M. A. Anderson. Semiconductor Nanoclusters Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis 1996,103:445~461
    [46] A.Fujishima, K. Honda. Electrochemical study of spectral sensitization [J].Nature, 1972, 37:238.
    [47] J. H . Carey. Photodechlorination of PCB’s in the presence of titanium dioxide in aqueous suspensions [J]. Bull of Environ. Contam. Toxic,1976,16(6):697~701
    [48] M. T. Hoffman, S. T Martin., W. Choi. etal. Environmental applications of semi-conductor photocatalysis [J].Chem. Rev. 1995,95:69~96
    [49] X. Fu, W. A. Zelltner, M. A. Anderson. The gas-phase photocatalyitc mineralization of benzene on porous titanic-based catalysts. [J].Appl. Catal. B:Environ,1995,6:209~216
    [50] M. Hepel, J. Luo. Photoelectrochemical mineralization of textile diazo dye pollutants using nanocrystalline WO3 electrodes. Electrochimica Acta 2001, (47):729–740
    [51] 孙振世,陈英旭. 非均相光催化氧化研究进展. 环境保护科学,1999,25(6):8~10
    [52] 朱振中, 陈坚. 半导体光催化氧化反应降解废水中有机污染物的研究进展. 江南大学学报(自然科学版).2002,1(4):365~369
    [53] C. Pulgarin, M. Invernizzi, S. Parra, et al. Strategy for the coupling of photochemical and biological flow reactors seful in mineralization of biorecalcitrant industrial pollutants. Catalysis Today 1999 (54) :341–352
    [54] 李芳柏,古国榜,陈伟彬等. 絮凝-光催化处理实际染料废水的研究. 土壤与环境 1999,8(3):189~192
    [55] C. Hu,Y. Wang,H. Tang. Preparation and characterization of bond-conjugated TiO2/SiO2 and photocatalysis for azo dyes. Applied catalysis B: Environment 2001,30:277~285
    [56] S. Sakthivel, M. V. Shanker, M. Palaichamy, etal.Photocatalytic decomposition of leather dye Comparative study of TiO2 supported on alumina and glass beads. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: chemistry 2002,148:153~159
    [57] Z. Sun, Y. Chen, Q. Ke. et al. Photocatalytic degradation of Cationic azo dye by TiO2/bentonite nanocomposite Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: chemistry 2002,149:169~174
    [58] 王娅娟, 纳米TiO2/ 玻璃薄膜光催化降解亚甲基蓝的研究. 山东师范大学学报(自然科学版). 2003,18(1):39~42
    [59] 左言军, 习海玲, 张建宏等, TiO2 悬浮体系光催化降解反应动力学模型的建立. 催化学报. 2001,22(2):198~202
    
    [60] 陈达美, 钟建军, 汪言满. TiO2 悬浮体系光催化降解染料动力学研究. 精细化工,2002,19(1):55~58
    [61] 王怡中. 二氧化钛悬浆体系中八种染料的太阳光催化氧化降解. 催化学报. 2000,21(4):227~231
    [62] 刘光明,张天永,吴太兴等. 可见光照射下染料茜素红的光催化降解机理. 催化学报. 1999,20(3):359~361
    [63] C. Wite,E. Sclli. Effect of Humic Acids on the Photoinduced Reduction of U(Ⅵ) in the presence of Swmiconducting TiO2 Particles. J. Photochem. Photobiol. A. Chem.1988, 43(1):329~335
    [64] G. Liu,T.Wu,J.Zhao. Photoassisted Degradation of Dye Pollutants. 8. Irreversible D egradation of Alizarin Red under Visible Light Radiation in Air-Equilibrated Aqueous TiO2 Dispersions. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1999, 33: 2081~2087
    [65] Y. Mao,C.Schoncich, K.D.Asmus. Identification of organic acids and other intermediates in oxidative degradation of chlorinated ethanes on TiO2 surfaces an route to mineralization, A combined photocatalytic and radiation chemical study.J.Phys.Chem.1991, 95: 100080~10090
    [66] K. Ishibashi, H.Kenichi, A. Fujishima,etal.Quantum yields of active oxidative species formed on TiO2 photocatalyst. J. Photochem. Photobiol. A. Chem.2000,134(12):139~142
    [67] T. M. Elmorsi, W. R. Budakowski, A.S.Abdelaziz, et.al. Photocatalytic degradation of 1,10-dichlorinatedecane in aqueous suspensions of TiO2 :A reaction of adsorbed chlorinated alkane with surfaces hydroxyl radicals. Environ. Sci.Technol. 2000,34: 1018~1022
    [68] M. Vautier, C.Guillard, E. M. Ann. Photocatalytic Degradation of Dyes in Water : Case Studyof Indigoand Indigo Carmine. Journal of Catalysis, 2001,201:46~59
    [69]黄惠莉,黄妙良,蔡阿娜,等.二氧化钛光催化降解处理染料废水.化工环保,2002,22(2):84~87
    [70] 陈士夫,赵梦月,陶进武. [J].工业水处理,1996 ,16(1) :17~19.
    [71] 谭欣,何振雄,霍爱群. 非整比纳米TiO2-X膜光催化降解水中微量卤代烃。天津大学学报(自然科学与工程技术版)2000,33:360~362
    [72] 国伟林,王西奎,许崇娟. 水中有机物的光催化降解活性与其结构关系. 山东建材学院学报,1999,1:23~24
    [73] 庄晓,张铁垣,许嘉琳. 非离子表面活性剂非均相光催化降解试验研究. 北京师范大学学报(自然科学版)1998,34(3):371~375
    [74] 赵文宽,覃榆森,方佑龄,等. 水面石油污染物的光催化降解. [J ]催化学报,1999 ,20 (3) :368 -372
    [75] 曾炽涛, 陈爱平, 陈爱华,等. 负载型光催化剂还原Cr6+的研究. 华东理工大学学报,2003,29(3):277~280
    [76] 祝静艳, 杜金菊, 欧晃栋,等. 低温合成纳米TiO2 及其气相光催化氧化性能. 中山大学学报(自然科学版)2002,41(2):53~56
    
    [77] 张元广, 陈友存. 纳米TiO2 微球的制备及光催化性能研究. 材料科学与工程学报,2003,21(1):60~63
    [78] 郭俊怀,沈星灿,郑文君. 载银纳米TiO2光催化降解水中有机污物. 应用化学,2003,20(5):420~423
    [79] 刘国光, 张学治, 许亚杰. 铁、锌、铁酸锌掺杂对纳米级二氧化钛光催化降解罗丹明B 活性的影响. 环境工程, 2003,21(2):72~74
    [80] 姜洪波,高濂,张青红. Fe2O/TiO2和ZnO/TiO2纳米颗粒薄膜的亲水性能和光催化性能的研究. 无机材料学报,2003,18(3):695~699
    [81] 苏文悦,陈亦琳,付贤智. SO42-/TiO2-SiO2固体超强酸的结构及其光催化性能. 高等学校化学学报,2002,23(7):1398~1400
    [82] 籍宏伟,马万红,黄应平,等. 可见光诱导TiO2光催化的研究进展. 科学通报,2003,48(21):2199~2204
    [83] 张顺利,金振声,冯良波. O-2在CdS表面复合氧化物层中的积聚及其对Pt/CdS(T)光催化活性的影响. 催化学报,1999,20(3):333~337
    [84] 刘延秋,陈德文,田秋. ZnS/CdS二元共胶体系光诱导电子转移及界面光催化行为的研究. 中国科学(B辑),1999,29(1):47~55
    [85] 杨国昱,王清民,孙晋峰. 金属卟啉化合物光催化反应研究(Ⅲ)——金属卟啉光助氧化甲醇动力学研究. 高等学校化学学报,1994,15(9):1281~1284
    [86] 薛向东,金奇庭. TiO2光降解水中污染物的研究进展. 中国给水排水,2001,17(6):26~29
    [87] 颜秀茹,李晓红,宋宽秀. 固定相TiO2催化剂及其反应器研究进展. 化工进展,2000,19(2):12~14
    [88] 冷文华,成少安,张鉴清等.光电催化和光产生过氧化氢联合降解苯胺. 环境科学学报,2001,21(5):625~627
    [89] 王怡中,符雁,汤鸿霄. 二氧化钛悬浆体系太阳光催化降解甲基橙研究. 环境科学学报,1999,19(1):63~67
    [90] 王怡中,符雁,汤鸿霄. 平板构型太阳光催化反应系统中甲基橙降解脱色研究. 环境科学学报,1999,19(2):142~146
    [91] 刘平,凌岚,林华香,付贤智. 光催化抗雾膜材料的制备及其亲水性研究. 高等学校化学学报2000,3(2):462~465
    [92] 刘平,王心晨,付贤智. 光催化自清洁陶瓷的制备及其特性. 无机材料学报,2000,2(15):88~92
    [93] A. Fujishima,D. A. Tryk, K. Honda. Electro Chimie CRActa., 2000,45: 2363~2369
    [94] D. F. Ollis,C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris SeriesⅡc, Chimie:CHenistry,2000,3:405~409
    [95] 唐玉朝,胡春,王怡中. TiO2 光催化反应机理及动力学研究进展.化学进展,2002,14(3):192~198
    [96] 左言军, 习海玲, 张建宏,等. TiO2 悬浮体系光催化降解反应动力学模型的建立. 催
    
    
    化学报. 2001,22(2)198~202
    [97] 范山湖, 孙振范,邬泉周,等.偶氮染料吸附和光催化氧化动力学. 物理化学学报,200 3,19(1):25~29
    [98] 尹晓红,辛峰,张凤宝. 4BS 染料光催化降解动力学. 化工学报.2002,53(5):528~532 
    [99] R. J.Brandi , O. M. Alfano, A. E. Cassano. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2000, 34 (12): 2623~2639
    [100] 魏刚,张元晶,熊蓉春.纳米TiO2膜对罗丹明B染料的光催化降解动力学. 科学通报,2002,47(23):1793~1795
    [101] 江立文, 李耀中, 周岳溪. 流化光催化反应器降解4BS 染料的研究. 中国给水排水,2001,17(2):12~15
    [102] 王怡中. 二氧化钛悬浆体系中八种染料的太阳光催化氧化降解. 催化学报,2000,21(4):227~231
    [103] C. Zhu. Photocatalytic degradation of azo dyes by supported TiO2 +UV in aqueous s olution. Chemosphere 200,41:303~309
    [104] J. T. Spadaro,L. Isabelle,V. Ranganathan. Research Communixation,Hydroxyl radical mediated degradation of azo dyes: Evidence for benzene generation. Environ. Sci.Technol.1994,28:1389~1393
    [105] J. Zhao,T. Wu,K. Wu,et.al. Photoassisted Degradation of Dye Pollutants.3. Degradation of the Cationic Dye Rhodamine B in Aqueous Anionic Surfactant/TiO2 Dispersions under Visible Light Radiation:Evidence for the need of Substrate Adsorption on TiO2 Particles. Environ. Sci.Technol.1998,33:2394~2400
    [106] G. Liu,T. Wu,J. Zhao. Photoassisted Degradation of Dye Pollutants. 8. Irreversible Degradation of Alizarin Red under Visible Light Radiation in Air-Equilibrated Aqueous TiO2 Dispersions. Environ. Sci.Technol.1999,33:2081~2087
    [107] T. Wu,T. Lin,J. Zhao. et al. TiO2-Assisted Degradation of Dye.9.Puotooxidation of Squarylium Cyanine Dye in Aqueous Dispersions under Visible Light Radiation. Environ. Sci.Technol.1999,33:1379~1387
    [108] K. Vinodgopal, D. E. Wynkoop. Environmental Photochemistry on Semiconductor Surfaces: Photosensitized Degradation of a Textile Azo Dye, Acid Orange 7 ,on TiO2 Particles Using Visible Light. Environ. Sci.Technol.1996,30:1660~1666
    [109] M. T. Hoffman, S. T. Martin, W. Choi, et al. Environmental applications of semi-conductor photocatalysis [J].Chem. Rev. 1995,95: 69~96
    [110] J. M. Herrmann. Heterogeneous photocatalysis: fundamentals and applications to the removal of various types of aqueous pollutants. Catalysis Today, 1999, 53:115~129
    [111] D. Curc′o, J. Gimenez, A. Addardak.et al. .Effects of radiation absorption and catalyst comcentration on the photocatalytic degradation of polluants. Catalysis Today 76 (2002)
    
    
    177–188
    [112] 吴才刚等,1990年国家标准报批稿,容量滴定法测空气中CO2的浓度
    [113] 毛立群,杨建军,郭泉辉. 活性艳红X-3B水溶液的光化学与光催化协同脱色反应. 催化学报. 2001,22(2)181~184
    [114] 张秀芳. 光催化氧化降解非偶氮染料. 大连轻工业学报2001,20(3):174~176
    [115] G.. Liu,T. Wu,J. Zhao. Photoassisted Degradation of Dye Pollutants.8.Irreversible Degradation of Alizarin Red under Visible Light Radiation in Air-Equilibrated Aqueous TiO2 Dispersions. Environ. Sci.Technol. 1999,33:2081~2087
    [116] C. Hu, C. Jimmy, G. Yu, et al. Photocatalytic degradation of triazine-containing azo dyes in aqueous TiO2 suspensions. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental ,2003 (42) :47–55
    [117] A. Ana, A. Eva, T. Ana et al. Photocatalytic Pilot Scale Degradation Study of Pyimethanil and Its main degradation products in waters by means of solid-phase extraction followed by Gas and Liquid Chromatophy with Mass spectrometry detection. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2000, 34: 1563~1571
    [118] 张玉奎.分析化学(6),液相色谱分析(第二版). 北京:化学工业出版社.2000:34-41,155-177
    [119] Z. Sun, Y. Chen, Q . Ke, et al. Photocatalytic degradation of cationic azo dye by TiO2/bentonite nanocomposite. J. Photochem. Photobiol.A:Chem,2002,149:169
    [120] 陈德恒. 有机结构分析. 北京:科学出版社 1985:172~176
    [121] H. Zhan, T. He. Photocatalytic Degradation of Acid Dyes in Aqueous TiO2 Suspension Ⅰ.The Effect of Substituents. Dyes and Pigments,1998, 37:231~239
    [122] C. Hu, C.Ji mmy G.Yu, et al. Photocatalytic degradation of triazine-containing azo dyes in aqueous TiO2 suspensions. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 42 (2003) 47–55
    [123] M. Chen, M. David, M. B. Frank. Unification and identification of several sulphonated azo dyes using reversed-phase preparative high-perfornance liquid chromatography.[J] Chromatography A, 825(1998)37-44
    [124] H. Zhan, T. He. Photocatalytic Degradation of Acid Dyes in Aqueous TiO2 Suspension Ⅰ.The Effect of Substituents. Dyes and Pigments,1998, 37:231~239
    [125] M. Hepel, J. Luo. Photoelectrochemical mineralization of textile diazo dye pollutants using nanocrystalline WO3 electrodes. Electrochimica Acta 47 (2001) 729–740

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700