服务外包的前因及其与企业绩效关系研究
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摘要
企业的主要目标是获得更高的企业绩效，学者们通过研究发现服务外包是提高企业绩效的有效策略。尽管信息技术的发展支持了企业的服务外包，但在经济全球化的今天，由于世界经济的联系越来越密切，环境动态性对经济的影响范围越来越大，企业需要具有动态的调节能力来应对环境动态性造成的影响，从而持续获得企业的竞争优势，获得较高的企业绩效。目前，国内学者对外包的研究主要集中于外包的演进、外包对绩效的影响、外包的理论解释等，对服务外包的研究较少，在调节变量对服务外包与企业绩效的影响方面的研究也很欠缺，动态能力对服务外包与企业绩效的调节方面的研究更是不够深入。在环境动荡变化的今天，研究企业如何才能够具备动态的能力来适应环境的变化，从而提高服务外包绩效具有很强的意义。
围绕本研究的主要目的，本论文主要从六个方面展开研究：（1）绪论部分。绪论部分主要介绍了本研究是在经济全球化、信息技术高速发展和环境动态性日益增长的背景下提出本文的主要研究目的，即动态能力视角下的服务外包与企业绩效，并指出了本文的三大创新之处。（2）文献回顾。在此理论基础上，本文开展了有关外包的文献研究。通过深入综合分析国内外相关文献，发现对外包的研究较多，但是在调节变量对服务外包与企业绩效的影响方面研究较少，并且将动态能力作为调节变量的文献更是微乎其微，加之对动态能力对外包与绩效的调节作用的研究也不够深入，由此本文在理论和现实方面均具有重要意义。（3）模型构建与研究假设。为完成本文的研究目的，必须具备相应的理论基础，第三部分首先介绍了本文五个经典理论（分工与专业化理论、交易费用经济学、比较优势理论、资源基础理论、核心竞争力理论），以及服务外包、动态能力、企业绩效的理论溯源、定义和维度划分等。随后，根据本文的研究目的和研究的主要内容，构建了本研究的模型，并在已有研究基础上提出了本文的五个假设：服务外包促进企业绩效的增长；动态能力在服务外包与企业绩效关系之间起正向调节作用；环境动态性对服务外包有积极作用；资产专用性对企业服务外包有消极影响。（4）研究设计。为完整实证分析，证明假设，本文进行了研究设计，主要包含相关概念的测量，量表信度和效度分析并通过预测试确定了本文的最终问卷。（5）实证分析。在预调研的基础上，本文运用SPSS和结构方程的方法对研究假设与模型进行了检验，得出本研究的实证分析结果。（6）研究结论与展望。在设计、调查和数据分析后，得出本文研究结论。文中的假设都得到验证，统计结果表明，服务外包对企业绩效有积极影响。动态能力对服务外包强度与企业绩效具有积极的调节作用。环境动态性对动态能力有积极影响。对于企业外部的环境而言，环境动态性越强，越应该企业采取服务外包，以集中优势资源应对外界环境变化。当今世界，环境变化非常迅速，企业需要花费大量的资金、时间、精力调整内部资源，以适应外部环境。企业的资源有限，只有采取服务外包，只关注核心服务，才能适应环境。企业的资产专用性强，采取服务外包的成本就比较大，因此资产专用性对服务外包有阻碍作用。在企业面临的环境变化较大的情况下，企业应该尽可能降低资产专用性。
本研究的主要结论和对相关知识体系的主要贡献，主要反映在对服务外包的前因、结果以及调节变量的综合关系探讨上。首先，本文通过实证检验，发现环境动态性对服务外包有积极影响。其次，本文通过实证检验发现资产专用性对服务外包有消极影响。最后，通过实证检验，本研究发现动态能力在服务外包与企业绩效之间存在正向调节作用。
尽管本研究取得了一些有价值的研究结论，但在研究过程中仍存在以下局限，需要在未来的研究中改善并进行深化研究。在研究的时点方面，无论是消费者数据还是企业数据，都是截面数据，而环境动态性、资产专用性对服务外包的效果，服务外包对企业绩效的作用需要经过较长时间才能显现，这可能影响结论的可靠性。
本研究将服务外包作为一个变量进行研究，没有深入研究企业对不同服务进行外包时，各变量之间的相互关系是怎么样的。这使得研究不够深入。调节变量有助于人们深化对理论的认识，但是本研究中的调节变量比较少。
总体而言，对于业务外包的研究还有不足，在未来的研究中将引入更多的调节变量，更加清晰地描绘出服务外包对企业的绩效的影响，从而更加有效地提高企业外包实践效果，提升企业竞争力。虽然本文的研究具有很重要的理论和现实意义，但是关于服务外包的研究仍很不完善，本研究只是一个探索，希望日后还能有更多的权变因素加入到现有理论模型当中，能够更加清晰地看到外包如何影响企业绩效的，从而有效提高企业服务外包实践的效果，并提升企业的竞争力。
The main goal of business is to achieve higher business performance; scholarshave found that outsourcing is an effective strategy for business performanceimproving. Despite the development of information technology support servicesoutsourcing companies, but in the economic globalization era, as the world economybecomes increasingly tied to environmental dynamics and its influence on theeconomy is growing, companies need to adjust dynamically to deal with the impactcaused by the dynamic environment, thereby to obtain a competitive advantageconsistently to achieve higher business performance. At present, the domestic researchscholars focused on the evolution of outsourcing outsourcing, the impact ofoutsourcing on performance, outsourcing and other theoretical explanations. Fewstudies are on service outsourcing; in terms of regulating variables on outsourcing andcorporate performance study are also lacks of, and how dynamic ability effect serviceoutsourcing does and corporate performance is not deep enough. Accordind toturbulentenvironment today, study how to obtain dynamic abilities to adapt environmentalchanges, thereby improving the performance of the service outsourcing has a strongsignificance.
According to the main purpose of this study thesis, I developed my essay by sixaspects:(1) The introduction part. This section introduces the main purpose under theeconomic globalization, the rapid development of information technology andenvironmental background of growing dynamic. That is outsourcing and corporateperformance under dynamic capability perspective, and pointed out three innovationsin the article.(2) Literature review. Based on the theory, the paper carried out theliterature research on outsourcing. Through in-depth comprehensive analysis ofrelevant literature I found that many researches are on outsourcing, but the impact ofoutsourcing and adjustment variable aspects of corporate performance are few, and thedynamic capabilities as the moderator of the literature are even less. Coupled with thedynamic research capacity and performance of the regulatory role of outsourcing isalso not deep enough, therefore this paper has important theoretical and practicalsignificance in real.(3) Build model and hypotheses. With the purpose of this study, appropriate theoretical foundation are necessary, the third part of this articleintroducesd five classical theory (theory of division of labor and specialization,transaction cost economics, the theory of comparative advantage, resource-basedtheory of core competence theory) and services outsourcing, dynamic capabilitiestheory,origin of enterprise performance definition and delineation dimensions.Subsequently, according to the main content of the study and research purpose of thisarticle, the model constructed in this study and in previous studies presented in thisarticle, based on four assumptions: Outsourcing promote the growth of corporateperformance; dynamic capabilities are of positive regulation in services outsourcingand enterprise performance; environmental dynamism has a positive effect on serviceoutsourcing; specific assets have a negative impact on the business servicesoutsourcing.(4) Research design. To complete the empirical analysis to prove theassumption, this paper carried out the study design, including measurement ofprimarily related concepts, scale reliability and validity analysis, therefore determinedthe pre-test questionnaire.(5) An Empirical Analysis. On the basis of thepre-investigation, the paper uses SPSS and structural equation approach to researchhypotheses were tested with the model, then the empirical results obtained in this study.(6) Conclusions and Outlook. After designing and researching data analysis results, Igot the conclusions of this paper. Text assumptions have been validated; statisticalresults show that outsourcing has a positive impact on business performance. Dynamiccapability effect service outsourcing strength and has a positive regulatory to enterpriseperformance.Environment has a positive impact on dynamic capabilities. For externaleenvironment of company, the stronger the dynamic environment,, the more it shouldtake service outsourcing,as to focus on the advanced resources to deal with theexternal environmental changes. Today, environment changes rapidly, companies needto spend a lot of money, time, and energy to adjust the internal resources to adapt tothe external environment. Resources of corporate are scarced; outsourcing strategy wastook to focus on its core to meet environmental changes. Asset specificity, taking thecost of outsourcing relatively large, so the asset specificity hindered serviceoutsourcing. In the case of enormous environmental changes, companies should reduceasset specificity.
The main conclusions of this study and the main contribution to the knowledge ofthe system mainly reflected in the service outsourcing antecedents, results andcomprehensive discussion on the relationship between the manipulated variable. Firstly,by empirical testing we found that the environment has a positive impact on serviceoutsourcing. Secondly, through empirical testing, we found assets specificity have anegative impact on service outsourcing. Finally, through empirical testing, the studyfound that there is a positive regulatory of dynamic capabilities between outsourcingand enterprise performance.
Although this study has made some valuable conclusions, the studies of thefollowing limitations are still existing and need to be improved and deepen researchedin future studies. In terms of time point of the study, both the consumer data andcorporate data are cross-sectional data. Effects of dynamic environment, assetspecificity to outsourcing, and outsourcing business performance needs a long time toappear, This may affect the reliability of the conclusions.
This study serve service outsourcing as a variable, but do not study the differentservices outsourcing companies in-depth, and also the relationship between variables.This makes the study not enough. Moderator helps people deepen understanding of thetheory, but this study lacks of them.
Overall, researches on service outsourcing is insufficient, future studies willintroduced more regulation variables to depict the impact of outsourcing on theperformance of the enterprise clearly,thus more effectively improve their outsourcingpractice effect, enhance the competitiveness of enterprises. Although researches inthis paper has very important theoretical and practical significance, but research onoutsourcing is still not perfect, this is just an exploratory study, I hope to have morecontingency factors can be added to the existing theoretical models in the futher, thenwe can see clearly on how service outsourcing influence business performance, thusimprove efficiency of services outsourcing, and enhance the competitiveness ofenterprises.
围绕本研究的主要目的，本论文主要从六个方面展开研究：（1）绪论部分。绪论部分主要介绍了本研究是在经济全球化、信息技术高速发展和环境动态性日益增长的背景下提出本文的主要研究目的，即动态能力视角下的服务外包与企业绩效，并指出了本文的三大创新之处。（2）文献回顾。在此理论基础上，本文开展了有关外包的文献研究。通过深入综合分析国内外相关文献，发现对外包的研究较多，但是在调节变量对服务外包与企业绩效的影响方面研究较少，并且将动态能力作为调节变量的文献更是微乎其微，加之对动态能力对外包与绩效的调节作用的研究也不够深入，由此本文在理论和现实方面均具有重要意义。（3）模型构建与研究假设。为完成本文的研究目的，必须具备相应的理论基础，第三部分首先介绍了本文五个经典理论（分工与专业化理论、交易费用经济学、比较优势理论、资源基础理论、核心竞争力理论），以及服务外包、动态能力、企业绩效的理论溯源、定义和维度划分等。随后，根据本文的研究目的和研究的主要内容，构建了本研究的模型，并在已有研究基础上提出了本文的五个假设：服务外包促进企业绩效的增长；动态能力在服务外包与企业绩效关系之间起正向调节作用；环境动态性对服务外包有积极作用；资产专用性对企业服务外包有消极影响。（4）研究设计。为完整实证分析，证明假设，本文进行了研究设计，主要包含相关概念的测量，量表信度和效度分析并通过预测试确定了本文的最终问卷。（5）实证分析。在预调研的基础上，本文运用SPSS和结构方程的方法对研究假设与模型进行了检验，得出本研究的实证分析结果。（6）研究结论与展望。在设计、调查和数据分析后，得出本文研究结论。文中的假设都得到验证，统计结果表明，服务外包对企业绩效有积极影响。动态能力对服务外包强度与企业绩效具有积极的调节作用。环境动态性对动态能力有积极影响。对于企业外部的环境而言，环境动态性越强，越应该企业采取服务外包，以集中优势资源应对外界环境变化。当今世界，环境变化非常迅速，企业需要花费大量的资金、时间、精力调整内部资源，以适应外部环境。企业的资源有限，只有采取服务外包，只关注核心服务，才能适应环境。企业的资产专用性强，采取服务外包的成本就比较大，因此资产专用性对服务外包有阻碍作用。在企业面临的环境变化较大的情况下，企业应该尽可能降低资产专用性。
本研究的主要结论和对相关知识体系的主要贡献，主要反映在对服务外包的前因、结果以及调节变量的综合关系探讨上。首先，本文通过实证检验，发现环境动态性对服务外包有积极影响。其次，本文通过实证检验发现资产专用性对服务外包有消极影响。最后，通过实证检验，本研究发现动态能力在服务外包与企业绩效之间存在正向调节作用。
尽管本研究取得了一些有价值的研究结论，但在研究过程中仍存在以下局限，需要在未来的研究中改善并进行深化研究。在研究的时点方面，无论是消费者数据还是企业数据，都是截面数据，而环境动态性、资产专用性对服务外包的效果，服务外包对企业绩效的作用需要经过较长时间才能显现，这可能影响结论的可靠性。
本研究将服务外包作为一个变量进行研究，没有深入研究企业对不同服务进行外包时，各变量之间的相互关系是怎么样的。这使得研究不够深入。调节变量有助于人们深化对理论的认识，但是本研究中的调节变量比较少。
总体而言，对于业务外包的研究还有不足，在未来的研究中将引入更多的调节变量，更加清晰地描绘出服务外包对企业的绩效的影响，从而更加有效地提高企业外包实践效果，提升企业竞争力。虽然本文的研究具有很重要的理论和现实意义，但是关于服务外包的研究仍很不完善，本研究只是一个探索，希望日后还能有更多的权变因素加入到现有理论模型当中，能够更加清晰地看到外包如何影响企业绩效的，从而有效提高企业服务外包实践的效果，并提升企业的竞争力。
The main goal of business is to achieve higher business performance; scholarshave found that outsourcing is an effective strategy for business performanceimproving. Despite the development of information technology support servicesoutsourcing companies, but in the economic globalization era, as the world economybecomes increasingly tied to environmental dynamics and its influence on theeconomy is growing, companies need to adjust dynamically to deal with the impactcaused by the dynamic environment, thereby to obtain a competitive advantageconsistently to achieve higher business performance. At present, the domestic researchscholars focused on the evolution of outsourcing outsourcing, the impact ofoutsourcing on performance, outsourcing and other theoretical explanations. Fewstudies are on service outsourcing; in terms of regulating variables on outsourcing andcorporate performance study are also lacks of, and how dynamic ability effect serviceoutsourcing does and corporate performance is not deep enough. Accordind toturbulentenvironment today, study how to obtain dynamic abilities to adapt environmentalchanges, thereby improving the performance of the service outsourcing has a strongsignificance.
According to the main purpose of this study thesis, I developed my essay by sixaspects:(1) The introduction part. This section introduces the main purpose under theeconomic globalization, the rapid development of information technology andenvironmental background of growing dynamic. That is outsourcing and corporateperformance under dynamic capability perspective, and pointed out three innovationsin the article.(2) Literature review. Based on the theory, the paper carried out theliterature research on outsourcing. Through in-depth comprehensive analysis ofrelevant literature I found that many researches are on outsourcing, but the impact ofoutsourcing and adjustment variable aspects of corporate performance are few, and thedynamic capabilities as the moderator of the literature are even less. Coupled with thedynamic research capacity and performance of the regulatory role of outsourcing isalso not deep enough, therefore this paper has important theoretical and practicalsignificance in real.(3) Build model and hypotheses. With the purpose of this study, appropriate theoretical foundation are necessary, the third part of this articleintroducesd five classical theory (theory of division of labor and specialization,transaction cost economics, the theory of comparative advantage, resource-basedtheory of core competence theory) and services outsourcing, dynamic capabilitiestheory,origin of enterprise performance definition and delineation dimensions.Subsequently, according to the main content of the study and research purpose of thisarticle, the model constructed in this study and in previous studies presented in thisarticle, based on four assumptions: Outsourcing promote the growth of corporateperformance; dynamic capabilities are of positive regulation in services outsourcingand enterprise performance; environmental dynamism has a positive effect on serviceoutsourcing; specific assets have a negative impact on the business servicesoutsourcing.(4) Research design. To complete the empirical analysis to prove theassumption, this paper carried out the study design, including measurement ofprimarily related concepts, scale reliability and validity analysis, therefore determinedthe pre-test questionnaire.(5) An Empirical Analysis. On the basis of thepre-investigation, the paper uses SPSS and structural equation approach to researchhypotheses were tested with the model, then the empirical results obtained in this study.(6) Conclusions and Outlook. After designing and researching data analysis results, Igot the conclusions of this paper. Text assumptions have been validated; statisticalresults show that outsourcing has a positive impact on business performance. Dynamiccapability effect service outsourcing strength and has a positive regulatory to enterpriseperformance.Environment has a positive impact on dynamic capabilities. For externaleenvironment of company, the stronger the dynamic environment,, the more it shouldtake service outsourcing,as to focus on the advanced resources to deal with theexternal environmental changes. Today, environment changes rapidly, companies needto spend a lot of money, time, and energy to adjust the internal resources to adapt tothe external environment. Resources of corporate are scarced; outsourcing strategy wastook to focus on its core to meet environmental changes. Asset specificity, taking thecost of outsourcing relatively large, so the asset specificity hindered serviceoutsourcing. In the case of enormous environmental changes, companies should reduceasset specificity.
The main conclusions of this study and the main contribution to the knowledge ofthe system mainly reflected in the service outsourcing antecedents, results andcomprehensive discussion on the relationship between the manipulated variable. Firstly,by empirical testing we found that the environment has a positive impact on serviceoutsourcing. Secondly, through empirical testing, we found assets specificity have anegative impact on service outsourcing. Finally, through empirical testing, the studyfound that there is a positive regulatory of dynamic capabilities between outsourcingand enterprise performance.
Although this study has made some valuable conclusions, the studies of thefollowing limitations are still existing and need to be improved and deepen researchedin future studies. In terms of time point of the study, both the consumer data andcorporate data are cross-sectional data. Effects of dynamic environment, assetspecificity to outsourcing, and outsourcing business performance needs a long time toappear, This may affect the reliability of the conclusions.
This study serve service outsourcing as a variable, but do not study the differentservices outsourcing companies in-depth, and also the relationship between variables.This makes the study not enough. Moderator helps people deepen understanding of thetheory, but this study lacks of them.
Overall, researches on service outsourcing is insufficient, future studies willintroduced more regulation variables to depict the impact of outsourcing on theperformance of the enterprise clearly,thus more effectively improve their outsourcingpractice effect, enhance the competitiveness of enterprises. Although researches inthis paper has very important theoretical and practical significance, but research onoutsourcing is still not perfect, this is just an exploratory study, I hope to have morecontingency factors can be added to the existing theoretical models in the futher, thenwe can see clearly on how service outsourcing influence business performance, thusimprove efficiency of services outsourcing, and enhance the competitiveness ofenterprises.
引文
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