镜射对称在机械中的作用原理及其应用方法研究
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摘要
对称性普遍存在于机械系统中,镜射是最古老和最熟知的对称类型之一。其研究意义在于带动机械各种对称类型的全面研究,借助机械对称性知识促进机械产品研发和创新,提高产品的技术性、经济性和社会性。收集了600余个机械对称性实例,逐个分析了各种对称及不对称在每个实例中的存在方式、作用原理及其相互关系。在此基础上加以提炼和归纳,建立了包括功能、原理和结构对称性,静、动态对称性和单、多对称性的机械镜射对称概念体系。进一步分析和总结了镜射对称在机械中具有强化功能和提高性能的作用,能满足时间连续性要求和实现镜射对称的设计需求。揭示了结构镜射对称具有实现功能和原理对称,实现多种通用设计原理和准则以及提高产品性价比等效能；也揭示了机械功能、原理和结构镜射对称性之间的关系。同时研究了多种其它对称类型在机械中的作用,包括镜射对称与平移和旋转对称的异同和复合对称的使用。不对称是对称破缺后的表现,结合实例讨论了镜射对称破缺的多种原因和效能。借助“机械对称性实例知识挖掘系统”对镜射对称实例进行关联分析,辅助镜射对称知识发现,推进镜射对称性在机械中的应用。最后总结了本文的研究成果,展望了多对称对比分析、不对称、对称创新设计、对称度评价标准等方向上的研究前景。
Symmetry widely exists in mechanical system, and mirror symmetry is one of the oldest and most well-known symmetry type. The significance of this research is to stimulate the comprehensive study of other symmetry types, and to improve mechanical design and innovation with the mechanical symmetry knowledge for better technical, economic and social performance. About 600 instances concerning mechanical symmetry and asymmetry were collected, and the state of existence, function principle and mutual relations of various symmetry and asymmetry in each instance were analyzed. Basing on refining and summarizing the analysis of instances, this paper establishes the function principle and application method of mirror symmetry from the consideration of design requirements. First, the concept system of mechanical mirror symmetry classified by function, principle, structure symmetry, and static, dynamic symmetry, and single, multi symmetry is presented. And then, the functions of mechanical mirror symmetry are revealed which include intensifying function or improving performance in many ways, meeting the requirements of continuity in time and achieving the design requirements with mirror symmetry. Meanwhile, the functions of mechanical structure mirror symmetry including achieving function and principle symmetry, achieving common design principles and rules, and improving products economic performance are also revealed, and the relationship between structure, principle and function symmetry is discussed. After describing the applications of some other symmetry types, the similarity, difference and the complex application between mirror, translation and rotation are analyzed. Asymmetry is the performance of symmetry breaking. Based on samples, the causation of mirror symmetry breaking and its functions are discussed. The knowledge mining system of mechanical symmetry samples is used to assist mirror symmetry knowledge discovery by association analysis. Finally, there is a summarization of this paper, and some prospects are proposed, such as comparative analysis of symmetry, asymmetry, innovative design with symmetry and the evaluation of symmetry degree.
Symmetry widely exists in mechanical system, and mirror symmetry is one of the oldest and most well-known symmetry type. The significance of this research is to stimulate the comprehensive study of other symmetry types, and to improve mechanical design and innovation with the mechanical symmetry knowledge for better technical, economic and social performance. About 600 instances concerning mechanical symmetry and asymmetry were collected, and the state of existence, function principle and mutual relations of various symmetry and asymmetry in each instance were analyzed. Basing on refining and summarizing the analysis of instances, this paper establishes the function principle and application method of mirror symmetry from the consideration of design requirements. First, the concept system of mechanical mirror symmetry classified by function, principle, structure symmetry, and static, dynamic symmetry, and single, multi symmetry is presented. And then, the functions of mechanical mirror symmetry are revealed which include intensifying function or improving performance in many ways, meeting the requirements of continuity in time and achieving the design requirements with mirror symmetry. Meanwhile, the functions of mechanical structure mirror symmetry including achieving function and principle symmetry, achieving common design principles and rules, and improving products economic performance are also revealed, and the relationship between structure, principle and function symmetry is discussed. After describing the applications of some other symmetry types, the similarity, difference and the complex application between mirror, translation and rotation are analyzed. Asymmetry is the performance of symmetry breaking. Based on samples, the causation of mirror symmetry breaking and its functions are discussed. The knowledge mining system of mechanical symmetry samples is used to assist mirror symmetry knowledge discovery by association analysis. Finally, there is a summarization of this paper, and some prospects are proposed, such as comparative analysis of symmetry, asymmetry, innovative design with symmetry and the evaluation of symmetry degree.
引文
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