大白菜随体单体、三体及其二倍体的光合作用研究
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摘要
本文以植株在营养和生殖生长时期均有较大差异的大白菜随体单体、三体和二倍体为试材，利用英国PP-systems公司生产的Ciras-2型便携式光合测定系统，在自然条件下，活体测定其净光合速率、光合速率日变化和光强对光合速率的响应曲线；并且对其功能叶叶片的叶绿素含量、希尔反应活性、可溶性蛋白质含量、Rubisco活性以及叶部性状进行了分析；结合三株系在大白菜收获期几个有关营养品质指标维生素C含量、可溶性糖含量和干／鲜重比的测定，研究随体染色体的缺失或附加是如何影响大白菜的生长发育，进而为利用非整倍体材料进行大白菜高光效育种或品种改良提供理论依据和实践指导。主要结果如下：
1．随体染色体的缺失或附加对大白菜的光合速率都产生不同程度的负效应。但在大白菜的生殖生长阶段，缺失比附加一条随体染色体对大白菜光合速率的负效应更大；而在营养生长阶段，附加比缺失一条随体染色体对大白菜光合速率的负效应更大。即在大白菜的不同生长发育阶段，缺失或附加一条随体染色体对大白菜的影响程度不同。
2．随体单体、三体和二倍体光合速率日变化在营养生长阶段表现相似，均呈典型的双峰曲线。而在生殖生长时期，随体单体和三体中午光合速率下降幅度小于二倍体，随体单体的“光合午休”现象不明显。
3．生殖生长阶段，随体单体的光饱和点和光补偿点分别为1397μmol·m~(-2)·S~(-1)和67.7μmol·m~(-2)·S~(-1)；随体三体的光饱和点和光补偿点分别为1370μmol·m~(-2)·S~(-1)和60.7μmol·m~(-2)·S~(-1)；二倍体的光饱和点和光补偿点分别为1285μmol·m~(-2)·S~(-1)和48.4μmol·m~(-2)·S~(-1)。营养生长阶段，随体单体的光饱和点和光补偿点分别为905μmol·m~(-2)·S~(-1)和87.7μmol·m~(-2)·S~(-1)；随体三体的光饱和点和光补偿点分别为867.5μmol·m~(-2)·S~(-1)和83.9μmol·m~(-2)·S~(-1)；二倍体的光饱和点和光补偿点分别为927.5μmol·m~(-2)·S~(-1)和59.7μmol·m~(-2)·S~(-1)。
4．随体染色体的缺失或附加对叶绿素含量有正效应。对叶绿素a／b的比值有负效应，提高了类囊体垛叠的程度。可以把叶绿素a／b比值作为高光效育种材料的一个初选指标。
5．随体染色体的缺失或附加对希尔反应和Rubisco活性均有负效应。对可溶性蛋白含量的影响不大。希尔反应活性和Rubisco活性的降低是引起随体单体、三体光合速率降低的直接原因。
6．随体染色体的缺失或附加对大白菜叶片的叶片结构产生影响。使叶肉细胞排列紧密，细胞胞间隙变小，栅栏组织与海绵组织的比例升高。对气孔密度和大小也有一定的影响，但在大白菜生长的不同时期，影响结果也不同。
7．随体染色体的缺失或附加对大白菜的营养品质有一定的影响，极显著的提高了Vc的含量，但不利于糖和干物质的积累。
In this experiment,sat-monosome,diploid and sat-trisome of Chinese Cabbage with different characteristics were chosen as the materials.In order to find out how the sat-chromosome additioning or droping affected the Chinese Cabbage growing,Several index of their functional leaves were measurd by the use of the British PP-systems corporation, such as net photosynthetic rate(Pn),diurnal change of Pn,the response curve of PAR to Pn ,chlorophyll content,Hill reaction activity,soluble protein,Rubisco activity,leaf anatomical structure and the ascorbic acid,soluble sugar and dry/fresh weight at their harvesting stages.And some theoritic foundation and practical guidance would be received through this study and helped to realize high-photosynthetic efficiency breeding using the aneuploid plant. The main results are as follows:
1. Compard to diploid,the additioning or dropping of sat-chromosome had a negtive effect on the photosynthetic rate(Pn).But the Pn of sat-trisome was higher than that of sat-monosome at the reproductive growing stage .However, at the nutritive growing stage the Pn of sat-monosome was higher than that of sat-trisome.
2. The curves of diurnal change of Pn of three lines were similar,all showed typical two peaks at the nutritive growing stage.But at the reproductive growing stage ,the decline scope of Pn of monosome and trisome was smaller than diploid at noon.monosome showed an unconspicuous "noon sleep".
3. At the reproductive growing stage,the light compensation point(LCP)and the light saturation point(LSP)of sat-monosome is 67.7μmol·m-2·s-1 and 1397μmol·m-2·s-1; 60.7μmol·m-2·s-1 and 1370μmol·m-2·s-1 in sat-trisome; 48.4μmol·m-2·s-1and 12.85μmol·m-2·s-1 in diploid. At the nutritive growing stage ,The LCP and LSP of sat-monosome is 87.7μmol·m-2·s-1 and 905μmol·m-2·s-1 ;83.9μmol·m-2·s-1 and 867.5μmol·m-2·s-1 in sat-trisome; 59. 7μmol·m-2·s-1 and 927.5 μmol·m-2·s-1 in diploid.
4. The additioning or dropping of sat-chromosome had a positive effect on chlorophyll content and a negative effect on chla/b and boosted the degree of thylakoid stacking.chla/b can be used as a primary choice character for high photosynthetic efficiency breeding materials.
5. The additioning or dropping of sat-chromosome had a negtive effect on Hill reaction activity and Rubisco activity,a little effect on soluble protein . The decline of Hill reaction activity and Rubisco activity were the direct factors resulting in low photosynthetic rate of sat-monosome and sat-trisome.
6. The additioning or dropping of sat-chromosome affected the leaf anatomical
structure.More tightly arranged mesophyll cell and less porosity were observed in them and the ratio of palisade tissue to spongy tissue went up.The density and size of stoma had also been affected.
7. The additioning or dropping of sat-chromosome had some effects on the nutritive quality of Chinese Cabbage,a positive effect on Vc content and a negtive effect on soluble sugar and dry weight.
1．随体染色体的缺失或附加对大白菜的光合速率都产生不同程度的负效应。但在大白菜的生殖生长阶段，缺失比附加一条随体染色体对大白菜光合速率的负效应更大；而在营养生长阶段，附加比缺失一条随体染色体对大白菜光合速率的负效应更大。即在大白菜的不同生长发育阶段，缺失或附加一条随体染色体对大白菜的影响程度不同。
2．随体单体、三体和二倍体光合速率日变化在营养生长阶段表现相似，均呈典型的双峰曲线。而在生殖生长时期，随体单体和三体中午光合速率下降幅度小于二倍体，随体单体的“光合午休”现象不明显。
3．生殖生长阶段，随体单体的光饱和点和光补偿点分别为1397μmol·m~(-2)·S~(-1)和67.7μmol·m~(-2)·S~(-1)；随体三体的光饱和点和光补偿点分别为1370μmol·m~(-2)·S~(-1)和60.7μmol·m~(-2)·S~(-1)；二倍体的光饱和点和光补偿点分别为1285μmol·m~(-2)·S~(-1)和48.4μmol·m~(-2)·S~(-1)。营养生长阶段，随体单体的光饱和点和光补偿点分别为905μmol·m~(-2)·S~(-1)和87.7μmol·m~(-2)·S~(-1)；随体三体的光饱和点和光补偿点分别为867.5μmol·m~(-2)·S~(-1)和83.9μmol·m~(-2)·S~(-1)；二倍体的光饱和点和光补偿点分别为927.5μmol·m~(-2)·S~(-1)和59.7μmol·m~(-2)·S~(-1)。
4．随体染色体的缺失或附加对叶绿素含量有正效应。对叶绿素a／b的比值有负效应，提高了类囊体垛叠的程度。可以把叶绿素a／b比值作为高光效育种材料的一个初选指标。
5．随体染色体的缺失或附加对希尔反应和Rubisco活性均有负效应。对可溶性蛋白含量的影响不大。希尔反应活性和Rubisco活性的降低是引起随体单体、三体光合速率降低的直接原因。
6．随体染色体的缺失或附加对大白菜叶片的叶片结构产生影响。使叶肉细胞排列紧密，细胞胞间隙变小，栅栏组织与海绵组织的比例升高。对气孔密度和大小也有一定的影响，但在大白菜生长的不同时期，影响结果也不同。
7．随体染色体的缺失或附加对大白菜的营养品质有一定的影响，极显著的提高了Vc的含量，但不利于糖和干物质的积累。
In this experiment,sat-monosome,diploid and sat-trisome of Chinese Cabbage with different characteristics were chosen as the materials.In order to find out how the sat-chromosome additioning or droping affected the Chinese Cabbage growing,Several index of their functional leaves were measurd by the use of the British PP-systems corporation, such as net photosynthetic rate(Pn),diurnal change of Pn,the response curve of PAR to Pn ,chlorophyll content,Hill reaction activity,soluble protein,Rubisco activity,leaf anatomical structure and the ascorbic acid,soluble sugar and dry/fresh weight at their harvesting stages.And some theoritic foundation and practical guidance would be received through this study and helped to realize high-photosynthetic efficiency breeding using the aneuploid plant. The main results are as follows:
1. Compard to diploid,the additioning or dropping of sat-chromosome had a negtive effect on the photosynthetic rate(Pn).But the Pn of sat-trisome was higher than that of sat-monosome at the reproductive growing stage .However, at the nutritive growing stage the Pn of sat-monosome was higher than that of sat-trisome.
2. The curves of diurnal change of Pn of three lines were similar,all showed typical two peaks at the nutritive growing stage.But at the reproductive growing stage ,the decline scope of Pn of monosome and trisome was smaller than diploid at noon.monosome showed an unconspicuous "noon sleep".
3. At the reproductive growing stage,the light compensation point(LCP)and the light saturation point(LSP)of sat-monosome is 67.7μmol·m-2·s-1 and 1397μmol·m-2·s-1; 60.7μmol·m-2·s-1 and 1370μmol·m-2·s-1 in sat-trisome; 48.4μmol·m-2·s-1and 12.85μmol·m-2·s-1 in diploid. At the nutritive growing stage ,The LCP and LSP of sat-monosome is 87.7μmol·m-2·s-1 and 905μmol·m-2·s-1 ;83.9μmol·m-2·s-1 and 867.5μmol·m-2·s-1 in sat-trisome; 59. 7μmol·m-2·s-1 and 927.5 μmol·m-2·s-1 in diploid.
4. The additioning or dropping of sat-chromosome had a positive effect on chlorophyll content and a negative effect on chla/b and boosted the degree of thylakoid stacking.chla/b can be used as a primary choice character for high photosynthetic efficiency breeding materials.
5. The additioning or dropping of sat-chromosome had a negtive effect on Hill reaction activity and Rubisco activity,a little effect on soluble protein . The decline of Hill reaction activity and Rubisco activity were the direct factors resulting in low photosynthetic rate of sat-monosome and sat-trisome.
6. The additioning or dropping of sat-chromosome affected the leaf anatomical
structure.More tightly arranged mesophyll cell and less porosity were observed in them and the ratio of palisade tissue to spongy tissue went up.The density and size of stoma had also been affected.
7. The additioning or dropping of sat-chromosome had some effects on the nutritive quality of Chinese Cabbage,a positive effect on Vc content and a negtive effect on soluble sugar and dry weight.
引文
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