电力变压器故障的红外诊断技术应用研究
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摘要
随着红外诊断技术的普及应用，红外诊断技术在电力设备特别是变压器故障诊断中发挥着越来越重要的作用。由于红外诊断具有非接触性和诊断运行中设备的特点，其诊断结果受到外界环境和判别方法的影响，因此提高变压器红外诊断技术的准确性及提高其应用效果具有重要影响，对变压器红外诊断应用技术进行研究具有重要的工程实用价值。
本文在红外辐射的基础知识上引出红外诊断的基本原理，并从红外诊断的角度研究了电力变压器的故障模式和电力变压器红外诊断的机理；分析了红外成像仪的成像原理，研究了利用红外热成像仪对电力变压器的故障进行诊断，现场故障诊断的操作流程、现场获取电力变压器诊断热成像图谱、热像图谱分析处理等工程实际问题；最后论文应用红外热成像技术对孙家坝变电站#1主变和#2主变的故障进行诊断，得到与实际相符的结果，并从得到实际图谱研究了热成像诊断的影响因素。
The Infrared diagnosing techniques, which have been more and more
popularly applied, played an important role in Fault diagnosing for
electrical equipments especially for Power transformers. The main
characters of infrared diagnosis untouching character and inspecting for
running equipments, determine that it diagnosing result can be affected
by external environment and the judging principles. For this reason,
enhancing the precision and applying affects of infrared diagnosing
technique will lead to high significance. Thus, the research on infrared
Fault diagnosing for power transform is of great practical value.
Based on fundamental infrared radiation knowledge, the infrared
diagnosing technique was derived of. By using this technique, the Fault
patents of Power transform as well as the application of infrared diagnosing
on Power transformer were studied. Then a series of practical engineering
problems, such as the image shaping principle of infrared laser device,
the utilizing of infrared laser device in power transformer fault diagnosis,
the working procedure in real field operation, the acquiring of heat
spectrum from fault transformer in field test, the analyzing of heat image
spectrum etc, were considered and overcame. Finally, an example was
presented by using the studied infrared heat imaging technique to diagnose
Sunjiaba lff&24 primary transformer at Sunjiaba substation, whose results
are closely according with the real situation. The disturbing factors of
infrared imaging diagnosing can also been drawn out from the acquired
practical spectrums.
本文在红外辐射的基础知识上引出红外诊断的基本原理，并从红外诊断的角度研究了电力变压器的故障模式和电力变压器红外诊断的机理；分析了红外成像仪的成像原理，研究了利用红外热成像仪对电力变压器的故障进行诊断，现场故障诊断的操作流程、现场获取电力变压器诊断热成像图谱、热像图谱分析处理等工程实际问题；最后论文应用红外热成像技术对孙家坝变电站#1主变和#2主变的故障进行诊断，得到与实际相符的结果，并从得到实际图谱研究了热成像诊断的影响因素。
The Infrared diagnosing techniques, which have been more and more
popularly applied, played an important role in Fault diagnosing for
electrical equipments especially for Power transformers. The main
characters of infrared diagnosis untouching character and inspecting for
running equipments, determine that it diagnosing result can be affected
by external environment and the judging principles. For this reason,
enhancing the precision and applying affects of infrared diagnosing
technique will lead to high significance. Thus, the research on infrared
Fault diagnosing for power transform is of great practical value.
Based on fundamental infrared radiation knowledge, the infrared
diagnosing technique was derived of. By using this technique, the Fault
patents of Power transform as well as the application of infrared diagnosing
on Power transformer were studied. Then a series of practical engineering
problems, such as the image shaping principle of infrared laser device,
the utilizing of infrared laser device in power transformer fault diagnosis,
the working procedure in real field operation, the acquiring of heat
spectrum from fault transformer in field test, the analyzing of heat image
spectrum etc, were considered and overcame. Finally, an example was
presented by using the studied infrared heat imaging technique to diagnose
Sunjiaba lff&24 primary transformer at Sunjiaba substation, whose results
are closely according with the real situation. The disturbing factors of
infrared imaging diagnosing can also been drawn out from the acquired
practical spectrums.
引文
[1] 陈衡，红外扫描测温与热诊断学，激光与红外，1996 (8)：6～7
[2] 田志海，内部电绝缘缺陷的红外热像检测诊断，激光与红外，1996(1)
[3] 董其国，电力设备红外检测的影响因素分析，江苏电力技术，1997(3)：8～12
[4] 查普曼著，传热学，冶金工业出版社，北京，1984
[5] 张节容等编，高压电器原理和应用，清华大学出版社，1989；
[6] 电力设备预防性试验规程(中华人民共和国电力行业标准)，中国电力出版社，1997
[7] 周文俊编，电气设备实用手册，中国水利电力出版社；
[8] 郭宽良等，计算传热学 (第一版)，中国科技大学出版社，合肥，1988，12
[9] 华东电管局中试所，红外物理与技术，1996，107
[10] 陈衡，红外物理学(第一版)，国防工业出版社，1985
[11] 刘绍峻编，高压电器(第一版)，北京：机械工业出版社，1982
[12] 张贤达，现代信号处理，清华大学出版社，1995，5
[13] 松浦虔士等，电力设备运行中绝缘诊断技术，日本电气学会技术报告，1992
[14] 张士宝等，局部放电监测中现场干扰的分析与抑制，清华大学学报，1997，No．8
[15] 董绍平、陈世耕，数字信号处理基础，哈尔滨工业大学出版社，1996，6
[16] 严璋，电气绝缘在线检测技术，北京：中国电力出版社，1995，11
[17] 孙才新等，电气设备绝缘在线监测系统原理及使用说明书，重庆大学高电压技术与信息监测中心。2000，1
[18] 王昌长、李福琪，电气设备的在线监测与故障诊断，清华大学出版社，1996，5
[19] 杨永明等，抑制局部放电在线监测中周期性干扰的级联式IIR陷波滤波器的研究，电工技术学报，1999，10
[20] 杨永明等，一种抑制局部放电在线监测中周期性干扰的新方法，高电压技术，1998，6
[21] 王昌长、王忠东、金县贺，局部放电在线监测中的抗干扰技术，清华大学学报1995，第4期
[22] 张士宝等，局部放电监测中现场干扰的分析与抑制，清华大学学报，1997，第8期
[23] 高宁等，变压asia部放电在线监测中的现场干扰分析，高电压技术，2000，第2期
[24] C. E. Lin, An expert system for transformer fault diagnosis using dissolved gas analysis,
IEEE Trans. On Power Delivery, 1993(1)
[25] D.M. Allanet al, A Continuous Insulation Monitor for High Voltage Transformer Bushing, ISH-7,No.74． 01,Aug.l991
[26] Tan Kexiong, Jing Xianhe, Zhu Deheng,Zhang Riming, On-line Partial Discharge calibration for electric Power equipment, Proceeding of the 3rd Asian conference on electrical discharge, No.3-1-11,1991 ,Benjing.
[27] Zhengkao Zhang and M. R. Raghuveer, On-line Insulation Condition Monitoring Technique for High Voltage Apparatus, 10th ISH'97
[28] R. Malewski et. al. Insulation diagnostic system for HV power transformer in service. CIGRE,1996 Session, No. 12-01
[29] G. C. Stone. Practical techniques for measuring partial discharge in operating equipment. IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, 1991． 7(4) : 9-19
[30] R. Malewski et. al. Insulation diagnostic system for HV power transformer in service. CIGRE, 1996 Session, No. 12-01
[31] H. Kawada et al. Partial discharge automatic monitor for oil-filled power transformer. IEEE, Trans. 1994,Vol PAS-103(2) :422~482
[32] Cretal, Prediction of Shielding Failures on Transmission Lines, 9th ISH , 6815
[32] Jankov V, Distribution of the Lightning Strokes to the Specific Parts of Transmission Lines, 9th ISH, 6788
[33] IEEE Working Group on Estimating Lightning Performance of transmission Lines, A Simplified Method for Estimating lightning Performance of Transmission Lines [J].IEEE Trans. 1985,Pas104(4) :919-932
[34] IEEE Working Group on Estimating Lightning Performance of Transmission Lines, Estimating lightning Performance of Transmission Lines II-Updates to Analytical Models [J].EEE Trans.l993,PWRD-8(3) :1254~1267
[35] N.A.Katic and M.S.Savic, Technical and econmical optimisation of overhead power distribution line lightning protection , IEE Proc-Gener Transm. Vol. 145． No.3． May. 1998 239-244
[36] Subworking Group 03． 01 of Study Committee 22． Worldwide Service Experience with HV Composite Insulators.ELECTRA. 1990． (5) :68~77
[37] Rizk F A M. Modeling Of Transmission Line Exposure To Direct Lightning Strokes. IEEE TPWRD, 1990, 5(4) : 1983-1997
[38] Tevan, Gy.D Sc. Analytical Calculation Of The Voltage On Earth Caused By Lightning. 7th ISH, 1991
[39] Grant IS et at A simplified method for estimating lightning performance of transmission lines
IEEE transaction on PAS 1985; PAS-104(4)
[40] P.Chowdhuri. Significant Parameters In Estimating The Striking Distance Of Lightning Strokes To Overhead Lines. IEEE TPWRD, 1989, 4(3) : 1970-1981
[41] Farouk A.M.Rizk. A Model For Switching Impulse Leader Inception And Breakdown Of LongAir-Gaps. IEEETPWRD, 1989, 4(1) : 596-605
[42] Anderson R B et al Lightning parameter for engineering application ,pretoria South Africa CSIR June 1979 . Report ELEK 120 Takatoshi Shindo, Yoshinori Aihara. A Shielding Theory For Upward Lightning. IEEE TPWRD, 1993, 8(1) : 318
[2] 田志海，内部电绝缘缺陷的红外热像检测诊断，激光与红外，1996(1)
[3] 董其国，电力设备红外检测的影响因素分析，江苏电力技术，1997(3)：8～12
[4] 查普曼著，传热学，冶金工业出版社，北京，1984
[5] 张节容等编，高压电器原理和应用，清华大学出版社，1989；
[6] 电力设备预防性试验规程(中华人民共和国电力行业标准)，中国电力出版社，1997
[7] 周文俊编，电气设备实用手册，中国水利电力出版社；
[8] 郭宽良等，计算传热学 (第一版)，中国科技大学出版社，合肥，1988，12
[9] 华东电管局中试所，红外物理与技术，1996，107
[10] 陈衡，红外物理学(第一版)，国防工业出版社，1985
[11] 刘绍峻编，高压电器(第一版)，北京：机械工业出版社，1982
[12] 张贤达，现代信号处理，清华大学出版社，1995，5
[13] 松浦虔士等，电力设备运行中绝缘诊断技术，日本电气学会技术报告，1992
[14] 张士宝等，局部放电监测中现场干扰的分析与抑制，清华大学学报，1997，No．8
[15] 董绍平、陈世耕，数字信号处理基础，哈尔滨工业大学出版社，1996，6
[16] 严璋，电气绝缘在线检测技术，北京：中国电力出版社，1995，11
[17] 孙才新等，电气设备绝缘在线监测系统原理及使用说明书，重庆大学高电压技术与信息监测中心。2000，1
[18] 王昌长、李福琪，电气设备的在线监测与故障诊断，清华大学出版社，1996，5
[19] 杨永明等，抑制局部放电在线监测中周期性干扰的级联式IIR陷波滤波器的研究，电工技术学报，1999，10
[20] 杨永明等，一种抑制局部放电在线监测中周期性干扰的新方法，高电压技术，1998，6
[21] 王昌长、王忠东、金县贺，局部放电在线监测中的抗干扰技术，清华大学学报1995，第4期
[22] 张士宝等，局部放电监测中现场干扰的分析与抑制，清华大学学报，1997，第8期
[23] 高宁等，变压asia部放电在线监测中的现场干扰分析，高电压技术，2000，第2期
[24] C. E. Lin, An expert system for transformer fault diagnosis using dissolved gas analysis,
IEEE Trans. On Power Delivery, 1993(1)
[25] D.M. Allanet al, A Continuous Insulation Monitor for High Voltage Transformer Bushing, ISH-7,No.74． 01,Aug.l991
[26] Tan Kexiong, Jing Xianhe, Zhu Deheng,Zhang Riming, On-line Partial Discharge calibration for electric Power equipment, Proceeding of the 3rd Asian conference on electrical discharge, No.3-1-11,1991 ,Benjing.
[27] Zhengkao Zhang and M. R. Raghuveer, On-line Insulation Condition Monitoring Technique for High Voltage Apparatus, 10th ISH'97
[28] R. Malewski et. al. Insulation diagnostic system for HV power transformer in service. CIGRE,1996 Session, No. 12-01
[29] G. C. Stone. Practical techniques for measuring partial discharge in operating equipment. IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, 1991． 7(4) : 9-19
[30] R. Malewski et. al. Insulation diagnostic system for HV power transformer in service. CIGRE, 1996 Session, No. 12-01
[31] H. Kawada et al. Partial discharge automatic monitor for oil-filled power transformer. IEEE, Trans. 1994,Vol PAS-103(2) :422~482
[32] Cretal, Prediction of Shielding Failures on Transmission Lines, 9th ISH , 6815
[32] Jankov V, Distribution of the Lightning Strokes to the Specific Parts of Transmission Lines, 9th ISH, 6788
[33] IEEE Working Group on Estimating Lightning Performance of transmission Lines, A Simplified Method for Estimating lightning Performance of Transmission Lines [J].IEEE Trans. 1985,Pas104(4) :919-932
[34] IEEE Working Group on Estimating Lightning Performance of Transmission Lines, Estimating lightning Performance of Transmission Lines II-Updates to Analytical Models [J].EEE Trans.l993,PWRD-8(3) :1254~1267
[35] N.A.Katic and M.S.Savic, Technical and econmical optimisation of overhead power distribution line lightning protection , IEE Proc-Gener Transm. Vol. 145． No.3． May. 1998 239-244
[36] Subworking Group 03． 01 of Study Committee 22． Worldwide Service Experience with HV Composite Insulators.ELECTRA. 1990． (5) :68~77
[37] Rizk F A M. Modeling Of Transmission Line Exposure To Direct Lightning Strokes. IEEE TPWRD, 1990, 5(4) : 1983-1997
[38] Tevan, Gy.D Sc. Analytical Calculation Of The Voltage On Earth Caused By Lightning. 7th ISH, 1991
[39] Grant IS et at A simplified method for estimating lightning performance of transmission lines
IEEE transaction on PAS 1985; PAS-104(4)
[40] P.Chowdhuri. Significant Parameters In Estimating The Striking Distance Of Lightning Strokes To Overhead Lines. IEEE TPWRD, 1989, 4(3) : 1970-1981
[41] Farouk A.M.Rizk. A Model For Switching Impulse Leader Inception And Breakdown Of LongAir-Gaps. IEEETPWRD, 1989, 4(1) : 596-605
[42] Anderson R B et al Lightning parameter for engineering application ,pretoria South Africa CSIR June 1979 . Report ELEK 120 Takatoshi Shindo, Yoshinori Aihara. A Shielding Theory For Upward Lightning. IEEE TPWRD, 1993, 8(1) : 318